Unit 7 The natural world（下）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（译林版）

Unit 7 The natural world 知识点精讲（下） harm;certainly;damage;system;noisy;cover;stay;lead;lead ⊙单元核心词汇 to;create;set up;balanced;knowledge;environment friendly; environmental 。单元同步语法 并列连词and/but/or/so的用法 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.harm/ha:mlv.&n.(对)有害；伤害 词形变化：harmful(adj.有害的)；harmless(adj.无害的) 搭配：do harm to对.有害/cause harm造成伤害 例佝：Don't harm the wild animals.不要伤害野生动物。 Too much noise can do harm to our ears.太多噪音会伤害我们的耳朵。 2.certainly/'s3:tenli/adv.当然；肯定地 词根：certain(adj.确定的) 词形变化：certainty(n.确定的事) 例佝：一Can you help me'?-Certainly: 你能帮我吗？—当然可以。 He will certainly win the game.他肯定会赢得比赛。 3.damage/'daemId3/v.&n.损坏；破坏 搭配：damage sth..损坏某物/cause serious damage造成严重破坏 词形变化：damaged(过去式/过去分词)；damaging(现在分词) 例句：The storm damaged many houses.暴风雨毁坏了许多房屋。 Smoking does damage to your health..吸烟对你的健康有损害。 4.system/'sIstem/n.系统；体系 搭配：traffic system交通系统/education system教育系统/solar system太阳系 例句：We have a new computer system.我们有了一套新的电脑系统。 5.noisy/'noIzi/adj.吵闹的；嘈杂的 词形变化：noise(n.噪音)；noisily(adw.吵闹地) 例句：The street is very noisy at night..这条街晚上很吵闹。 Don't be so noisy in the library.在图书馆里不要这么吵。 6.cover /'kAve(r)/v.覆盖；遮盖；包括n.封面；盖子 搭配：cover.with..用…覆盖./be covered with被.覆盖 词形变化：covered(过去式/过去分词)；covering(现在分词) 例佝：Snow covered the ground.雪覆盖了地面。 The book cover is blue.这本书的封面是蓝色的。 7.stay/ster/v.停留；待；保持 搭配：stay up熬夜/stay healthy保持健康/stay away from远离 词形变化：stayed(过去式/过去分词)；staying(现在分词) 例句：You should stay at home today..你今天应该待在家里。 8.lead /i::d/v.带领；导致；过（某种生活）n.铅；领导 搭配：lead to导致；通向/lead sb.to do sth.带领谋人做某事 词形变化：led(过去式/过去分词)；leading(现在分词) 例佝：The path leads to the forest.这条小路通向森林。 Hard work leads to success.努力带来成功。 9.lead to li:dtu:/短语.导致；通向 例句：Smoking can lead to lung cancer..吸烟会导致肺癌。 10.create/kri ert/v.创造；创建 词形变化：creation(n.创造)；creative(adj.有创造力的)；creator(n.创造者) 例佝：We should create a better environment..我们应该创造一个更好的环境。 11.setu0/set Ap/短语.建立；设立；安排 例佝：They set up a new club last week.他们上周建立了一个新俱乐部。 Can you help me set up the tent?你能帮我搭建帐篷吗？ 12.balanced/'baelenst/adj..平衡的；均衡的 词形变化：balance(n.平衡衡)；balance(v.使平衡)；unbalanced(adj.不平衡的) 搭配：a balanced diet均衡衡饮食 例佝：Ne need a balanced diet to stay healthy.我们需要均衡饮食来保持健康。 13.knowledge/'nold3yn.知识；学识 词形变化：knowledgeable(adj.知识博的) 搭配：have a good knowledge of对.有很好的了解/common knowledge常识 例句：Books give us a lot of knowledge..书本给我们很多知识。 14.environment friendly/n'varrenment'frendli/短语.环保的 词根：environment(环境)+friendly(友好的) 例佝：Ne should use environment friendly bags.我们应该使用环保袋。 15.environmental /in,vaIren'mentl/adj..环境的；有关环境的 词形变化：environment(n.环境)；environmentally(adM.环境上) 搭配：environmental problem环境问题/environmental protection环境保护 例句：Air pollution is a serious environmental problem.空气污染是一个严重的环境 问题。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形填空，每空一词） 1.Don't (harm)the plants in the park. 2.-Can you carry the box?- (certain) 3.The earthquake (damage)a lot of buildings last year 4.Our school has a new sound (system). 5.The classroom is too (noise).Please keep quiet 6.The ground is (cover)with yellow leaves in autumn. 7.We should (stay)away from dangerous animals 8.Eating too much junk food can (lead)to health problems 9.The government plans to (create)more jobs for young people. 10.They (set)up a new hospital in the town last month 11.To keep healthy,we need a (balance)diet. 12.Reading more can increase your_ (know). 13.We should use (environment)friendly products to protect the earth. 14.Many (environment)problems are caused by human activities (二)短文填空（根据上下文和首字母提示，填入恰当的单词） We live on the Earth.The Earth is our home.We should protect the 1.e But some people do 2.h to it.For example,they cut down too many trees and 3.d the forests.The noise from cars and factories is very 4. which is bad for our ears.We need to 5.c a clean and quiet living place.A6.b diet is important for our health,but a healthy environment is also important.We should 7.s up more recycling bins. Garbage can 8.I to pollution.Everyone should have more 9.k about green living.Use 10.e bags instead of plastic ones.Let's work together to make our world better! 参考答案 1.harm;2.Certainly;3.damaged;4.system;5.noisy;6.covered;7.stay; (一)单句填空 8.lead;9.create;10.set;11.balanced;12.knowledge; 13.environmentally;14.environmental 1.environment;2.harm;3.damage;4.noisy;5.create;6.balanced;7.set (二)短文填空 8.lead;9.knowledge;10.environmentally A 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 并列连词and/but/or/so的用法 连词 用法 例句 I like cats and dogs. (我喜 欢猫和狗。) 表示并列、顺承或递进，意 and 为"和，并且” He got up and had breakfast.(他起床然后吃 了早饭。) She is young but very clever.(她年纪小但是很聪 but 表示转折，意为“但是” 明。) I want to go but I'm busy. (我想去但是我很忙。) ①Nould you like tea or coffee?(你要茶还是咖 1.表示选择，意为“或者” 啡？) or 2.用于否定句表示"也不” ②ldon't like maths or English.(我不喜欢数学也 不喜欢英语。) It was raining,so we stayed at home.(下雨 表示因果关系，意为“所 了，所以我们待在家里。) So 以” He was ill,so he didn't go to school..(他病了，所以 没去上学。) 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.I like swimming running. A.and B.but C.or D.so 2.She is kind sometimes she is strict. A.and B.but C.or D,so 3.Would you like some milk juice? A.and B.but C.or D.so 4.He didn't call me send me a message. A.and B,but C.or 5.The box was heavy, I couldn't carry it. A.and B.but C.on D,so 6.I got up early I didn't miss the bus. A.and B.but C.or D,so 7.Mary likes playing the piano she doesn't like singing A.and B.but C.or D.so 8.You can take a taxi walk there. A.and B.but C.or D,so 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用and/but/or/so填空。 1.I have a brother a sister 2.He is tall his brother is short. 3.Please hurry up, you'll be late. 4.It started to rain, we stopped playing football. 5.She can speak English French. 6.I don't like fish chicken. 7.He was tired, he didn't stop working. 8.The film was boring long. 9.We should take care of the earth protect the animals. 10.You can come with me stay at home. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.A;2.B;3.C;4.C;5.D;6.A;7.B;8.C 1.and;2.but;3.or;4.so;5.and;6.or;7.but;8. 语法专练二：语法填空 and;9.and;10.or 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.I am writing today to ask for your help in protecting the ocean. 结构：主语+be+writing+(时间)+to do sth.+to ask for help 短语：ask for help请求帮助；protect the ocean保护海洋 中文：我今天写信是请求你们帮助保护海洋。 2.The ocean is home to many kinds of sea life. 结构：主语+be home to+名词 短语：be home to.是..的家园；many kinds of多种多样的 中文：海洋是多种海洋生物的家园。 3.It provides us with food and offers us space to have fun. provide sb.with sth.provide sth.for sb.offer sb.sth.offer sth.to sb. 短语：provide.with..提供.给...；have fun玩得开心 中文：它为我们提供食物，也给我们提供娱乐的空间。 4.Pollution is one of the biggest problems. 结构：主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词 短语：one of the biggest problems最大的问题之 中文：污染是最大的问题之一。 5.There are millions of tons of plastic waste in the ocean. 结构：There are+数量+of+名词+地点 短语：mil训ions of tons of数百万吨的；plastic waste塑料垃圾 中文：海洋里有数百万吨塑料垃圾。 6.This will harm or even kill sea life. 结构：主语+wil+动词原形+(or even+动词原研形+宾语 短语：harm sea life伤害海洋生物；kill sea life杀死海洋生物 中文：这会伤害甚至杀死海洋生物。 7.We can help solve the problems. 结构：help(to)do sth.帮助做某事 短语：solve the problems解决问题 中文：我们可以帮助解决这些问题。 8.We should keep beaches clean and use more environment-friendly products. 结构：should+动词原形（应该做某事） 短语：keep.clean保持..干净；environment-friendly products环保产品 中文：我们应该保持海滩干净，并使用更多环保产品。 (9.It is also a good idea to tell people how to protect the ocean. 结构：tis+a+形容词+idea+to do sth.做某事是一个的主意 短语：tell sb.how to do sth.告诉某人如何做某事 中文：告诉人们如何保护海洋也是一个好主意。 10.We can also encourage them to help. 结构：encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 中文：我们也可以鼓励他们帮忙。 11.It is meaningful to join an environmental group and work as a volunteer. 结构：tis+形容词+to do sth.做某事是..…的 短语：join an environmental group加入环保组织；work as a volunteer做志愿 者工作 中文：加入环保组织并做志愿者工作是有意义的。 12.Together we can help protect the ocean. 结构：主语+can+动词原形+宾语 短语：help protect帮助保护. 中文：我们可以一起帮助保护海洋。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择 1.I am writing today to your help. A.ask for B.ask about C.ask to D.ask out 2.The ocean is to many sea animals. A.home B.house C.family D.room 3.The ocean us with food A.gives B.provides C.offers D,sends 4.Pollution is one of the biggest A.problem B.problems C.a problem D.the problem 5.There are millions of tons plastic waste in the ocean. A.of B.with C.for D.in 6.This will or even kill sea life. A.hurt B.harm C.harmful D.harming 7.We can help the problems. A.solve B.solving C.to solving D.solved 8.We should keep beaches A.clean B.cleaning C.to clean D.cleans 9.It is a good idea people how to protect the ocean. A.tell B.to tell C.telling D.tells 10.It is to join an environmental group. A.meaning B.meaningful C.mean D.meant 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示完成英文句子） 1我今天写信是请求帮助保护海洋。 I am writing today for help in protecting the ocean. 2海洋是许多海洋生物的家园。 The ocean is many kinds of sea life. 3.它为我们提供食物。 It us food. 4.污染是最大的问题之一。 Pollution is one of the 5.海洋里有数百万吨塑料垃圾。 millions of tons of plastic waste in the ocean. 6.这会伤害甚至杀死海洋生物。 This will even kill sea life. 7我们可以帮助解决这些问题。 We can the problems. 8我们应该保持海滩干净。 We beaches clean. 9告诉人们如何保护海洋是一个好主意。 is a good idea tell people how to protect the ocean. 10加入环保组织是有意义的。 is meaningful join an environmental group. 练习三：翻译句子（将下列句子翻译成英语） 1.海洋给我们提供娱乐的空间。 2.污染是最大的问题之一。 3.海洋里有数百万吨塑料垃圾。 4.这将会伤害甚至杀死海洋生物。 5.我们应该使用更多环保产品。 6我们可以鼓励他们帮忙。 7做志愿者工作是有意义的。 8我们可以一起帮助保护海洋。 参考答案 练习一：单项选择 1.A;2.A;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.B;7.A;8.A;9.B;10.B 1.to ask;2.home to;3.provides;with;4.biggest problems; 练习二：完成句子 5.There are;6.harm or;7.help solve;8.should keep;9.It;to; 10.It;to 练习三：翻译句子 1.The ocean offers us space to have fun;2.Pollution is one of the biggest problems;3.There are millions of tons of plastic waste in the ocean;4.This will harm or even kill sea life;5.We should use more environment-friendly products;6.We can encourage them to help;7.It is meaningful to work as a volunteer;8.Together we can help protect the ocean A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 Can animals tell us about the weather?Some people think so.They watch animals and learn about weather changes Before a heavy rain,cows often lie down in the field.Farmers say this means rain is coming.Frogs also give signs.When frogs croak more loudly than usual,it may rain soon.Birds show weather changes,too.If birds fly high in the sky,the weather will probably be fine.But if they fly low,rain may be on the way. Ants are also good weather watchers.When ants build their homes higher than before, it means there will be much rain.Bees stay near their hives when rain is coming.But on sunny days,they fly far away to look for flowers. Some people don't believe these signs.But many farmers and fishermen have used them for hundreds of years.They know nature gives us messages.We just need to learn how to read them. ()1.What do cows do before a heavy rain according to the passage? A.They run quickly. B.They lie down in the field C.They make loud sounds. D.They stay in their houses. ()2.When frogs croak more loudly,what may happen? A.The sun will come out. B.It will be very cold. C.It may rain soon. D.The wind will blow. ()3.Why do ants build their homes higher? A.To keep warm in winter. B.To protect themselves from enemies. C.To show that much rain is coming. D.To make their homes more beautiful. ()4.The underlined word "hives"in paragraph 3 probably means A.nests for bees B.food for bees C.flowers for bees D.toys for bees ()5.What is the best title for this passage? A.How to Watch Animals B.Weather Signs from Animals C.How Animals Live D.Farmers and Fishermen B篇 Forests are very important to our planet.They are like the "lungs"of the earth.Trees take in carbon dioxide(仁氧化a碳)and give out oxygen(愾气).They also provide homes for many animals and birds. However,forests are in danger.Every year,people cut down millions of trees for wood, paper,and farmland.This is called deforestation(森林砍伐).When forests disappear, animals lose their homes.Some of them may even die out.The weather also changes because there are fewer trees to cool the air. What can we do to help?First,we should use less paper.For example,we can write on both sides of the paper.Second,we can plant more trees.Many countries have "Tree Planting Day".On that day,people go out and plant young trees.Third,we can tell others about the importance of forests. Some people are working hard to protect forests.They set up nature reserves(自然保护 )where no one can cut down trees.They also try to teach children to love nature. Every small action can make a difference.If we all work together,we can save our forests for the future. ()1.Why are forests called the "lungs"of the earth? A.Because they look like lungs. B.Because they help clean the air. C.Because they are in danger. D.Because they give us wood. ()2.What does the underlined word "disappear"probably mean? A.出现 B.消失 C.生长 D.变化 ()3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned to help forests? A.Using less paper. B.Planting more trees. C.Burning fewer fossil fuels. D.Telling others about forests. ()4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A.Forests are in great danger. B.Many people are trying to protect forests. C.Nature reserves are not useful. D.Children don't care about nature. ()5.The writer writes this passage to A.tell us why forests are important B.ask us to plant more trees C.show us the problems of forests and solutions D.introduce different kinds of forests 二、完形填空 A young dolphin lived in the deep blue ocean.He was very beautiful and fast.Every day,he swam with his and played happily.But one day,something terrible happened. The dolphin found in a strange place.The water was dirty and full of plastic waste.He couldn't see clearly.A plastic bag got stuck on his tail.He tried hard to get but he couldn't.He felt very afraid. Just then,a group of humans came in a boat.They were cleaning the ocean.One of them saw the dolphin and shouted,"Look!A dolphin needs!"They carefully came near and took the plastic bag off his tail.The dolphin felt and swam around them happily. The humans talked to each other,"The ocean a lot of problems.We must do something to help."They decided to tell more people about the of ocean pollution.They wanted to stop people from throwing waste into the sea. From that day on,the dolphin always stayed away dirty places.He also told his friends to be careful.The humans kept the beach and the ocean every weekend.Slowly,the water became cleaner.More fish came back.The dolphin and his friends could swim again. This story tells us that everyone can make a difference.Even a small act of kindness can great changes.We should all help our environment. A.friends B.friend C.friendly D.friend's A.he B.him C.his D.himself A.on B.off C.up D.in A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped A.sad B.sadder C.happy D.happier A.face B.faces C.faced D.is facing A.important B.importance C.importantly D.more important A.in B.on C.from D.to A.clean B.cleaned C.cleaning D.to clean A.free B.freely C.freedom D.freed A.lead to B.lead for C.lead in D.lead with A.protect B.protecting C.to protect D.protected 三、阅读短文回答问题 In the rainforest of Brazil(巴西，there is a very special bird called the toucan(巨嘴鸟).It has a large,colorful beak that looks very heavy,but it is actually very light because it is made of a special material. Toucans live in groups and spend most of their time in trees.They love to eat fruits. Their big beaks help them reach fruits on thin branches.When they eat,they throw their heads back and swallow the fruits whole.Sometimes they also eat insects and small lizards(蜥蜴). The toucan's beak is not just for eating.It also helps the bird stay cool.On hot days blood flows to the beak,and the heat leaves the body through the beak.This is like how a car radiator (works.The beak also helps toucans talk to each other.They make loud,frog-like sounds to tell other toucans about danger or food. However,the rainforest is getting smaller because people are cutting down trees.This is bad news for toucans.They need large forests to find enough food and places to live.Scientists and environmental groups are trying to protect the rainforest.They believe saving the toucan's home can also help many other animals and plants. What can we do?We can learn more about the rainforest and tell others about its importance.We can also choose products that are good for the environment.Every small step helps protect the beautiful toucan and its amazing world. 1.What does the toucan's beak look like? 2.Why is the toucan's beak not very heavy? 3.How does the beak help the toucan stay cool? 4.What is the biggest problem for toucans according to the passage? 5.What does the writer want us to do at the end of the passage? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) create knowledge stay damage environment balance harm system lead set up Our planet is facing serious problems.One big problem is pollution.Factories and cars the air and water.This living things,including humans.We need a good to deal with these problems. What can we do?First,we should a diet.Eating well helps us healthy.Second,we can more green spaces like parks.Trees and plants help clean the air.Third,we need more about nature.When we understand the environment,we can make better choices. Small actions can_ to big changes.Every time we recycle or save water,we help the earth.Let's work together to a better future for everyone. 7. 2. 3. 4. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 五、写作 话题：Protect the Environment 提示： 1.你认为环境问题严重吗？为什么？ 2你平时做哪些事情来保护环境？（至少两件事） 3.你对其他人有什么建议？ 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确，内容完整。 参考答案 一、 阅读理 A篇：1.B2.C3.C4.A5.B 解 B篇：1.B2.B3.C4.B5.C 二、完形填 1.A;2.D;3.B;4.A;5.C;6.D;7.B;8.C;9.C;10.B;11.A;12 空 A 1.large and colorful (large,colorful) 2.it is made of a special material 三、阅读短 3.letting heat leave the body through the beak 文回答问题 4.The rainforest is getting smaller People are cutting down trees. 5.Learn about the rainforest,tell others about its importance,and choose environment-friendly products.(任意一点即可) 四、短文填 1.environmental 2.damage 3.harms 4.system 5.have keep eat 6. 空 balanced 7.stay 8.set up 9.knowledge 10.lead 11.create 五、写作 范文： I think environmental problems are very serious.Pollution is everywhere and it harms our health.We must take action now. To protect the environment,I do many things.First,I always take a reusable bag when shopping instead of using plastic bags.Second,I turn off the lights when I leave a room to save energy.I also ride my bike to school instead of asking my parents to drive me. I suggest everyone should plant more trees and recycle waste.Small actions can make a big difference.Let's work together to make our earth cleaner and more beautiful!