Unit 1 This is me!-2026-2027学年七年级英语上册语法专项（译林版）

Unit 1 This is me! 语法专项 语法概览 ☆一般现在时(be动词) ★指示代词(this/that/these/those) 语法精讲精练一 1.定义与功能 一般现在时(be动词)用于描述事实、状态或经常性的情况。be动词(am/is/are)在句中充当系 动词，连接主语和表语（名词、形容词、介词短语等)，表示“是…”“在…”“成 为…”等含义。 核心考点：b动词本身要随主语的人称和数变化，不能省略，且不能与实义动词原形直接 连用。这是初一最基础的易错点。 2.基本结构（四大句型） 句型 结构 示例 I am a student./She is from Nanjing. 肯定句 主语+be(am/is/are)+表语. They are in the library. I am not a student./He isn't from 否定句 主语+be+not+表语. Nanjing.They aren't in the library. Are you a student?/Is she from Nanjing? 一般疑问句 Be+主语+表语？ Are they in the library? What is your name?/Where are they?/ 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+表语？ How old is he? 考点强化： 一般疑问句回答必须用“Yes,主语+be.”或“No,主语+be+not.”（肯定回答中be不缩 写，否定回答中可缩写) 例：一Are you Lily?一Yes,Iam./No,I am not.(不能说Yes,Im.) 特殊疑问句先确定疑问词，再跟be动词和主语，不能用“助动词+主语”结构（因为be动词 本身就是系动词)。 3.主语与be动词的搭配（必背表格) 主语人称 be动词 缩写形式（肯定） 缩写形式（否定） I am I'm I'mnot（无缩写) he/she/it/单 iS he's she's it's isn't 数名词 we/you /they/ are we're you're they're aren't 复数名词 易错点： am与not不能写成aimt（不规范)，必须分开写：I am not。 is not常缩写为isnt,are not常缩写为aren't。 主谓一致：单数主语(he,she,t个人名，单数事物)用is;复数主语(they,复数名词)用 are;I用am。 4.用法细节与常见搭配 用法场景 例句 说明 表示身份/特 He is a doctor./The sky is blue. be+名词/形容词 征 表示年龄 My sister is twelve years old. be+数字+years old 表示地点 Her books are on the desk. be+介词短语 表示时间/日 It is seven o'clock.Today is Monday it作主语 期 表示天气/温 t作主语 度 It is hot in summer. 表示状态/情 We are happy to see you be+形容词 绪 考点强化： 询问年龄时用“How old+be+主语？” 询问地点时用“Where+be+主语？” 询问时间时用“What time+be+主语？”或“What day+be+主语？” 5.易混考点辨析（中考必考） ①be动词vs实义动词 be动词后不能直接跟动词原形，必须跟名词、形容词、介词短语或V-ing(进行时态，但初 一下才学)。 实义动词（如like,have,go)有自己的变化，不能与be动词重复。 正：He is a teacher../He likes music. 误：He is like music.（应去掉is) 误：He likes a teacher..(应改为is) ②there be句型（初一下学期重点，此处仅作提醒） “有.”用“There is/are+名词+地点”，与“拥有”的have/has不同。 例：There is a book on the desk.（桌子上有一本书。) 例：I have a book.(我有一本书。) ③否定句与疑问句中not的位置 否定句：be动词后直接加not,不能分开。 正：She is not at home. 误：She not is at home 一般疑问句：be动词提到主语前，句末加问号。 正：Is she at home? 误：Does she is at home?(be动词不用助动词do/does) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，每大题8-10小题） (一)单项选择 1. your mother at home? A.Is;is B.Is,isn't C.Are;is D.Are;aren't 2.I a student.My parents teachers. A.am;are B.is;are C.am;is D.are;am 3.These my new fiiends. nice. A.is;They're B.are;They're C.are;It's D.is,It's 4.- you free this afternoon? A.Are;am B.Is;am C.Do;is D.Does,is 5.The cat under the chair.Its eyes very big. A.are;is B.is,is C.is;are D.are;are 6. is his name? A.What;He B.Who;He C.What;It D.How;It 7.-How old your brother?-He twelve. A.is;is B.is;are C.is;are D.are;are 8.There some milk in the glass A.is B.are C.am D.be 9.My cousin and I in the same class classmates A.is;We're B.are;We're C.am;They're D.are;I'm 10. you a new student? A.Are;is B.Is;am C.Are;am D.Do;am (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据上下文用b动词的适当形式填空（每空一词）。 Hello!I 1. Li Hua.I 2. a middle school student.My school 3. big and beautiful.There 4. many trees and flowers in it.My English teacher 5. Ms.Wang She 6. very kind.My fiiends and I 7. in the same class.We 8. all hard- working.Our classroom 9 clean and tidy.Where 10 your school?Is it nice too? (三)按要求完成句子 1.They are fiom England.(改为否定句)They from England. 2.My mother is a nurse..（改为一般疑问句) your mother nurse? 3.The boy is ten years old..（对画线部分提问) the boy? 4.His books are on the desk.（对画线部分提问) his books? 5.We are happy today..(改为否定句)We happy today. 6.I am a student.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) you a student?-Yes. 7.It is a hot day.(改为复数句) hot days. 8.The girl is my cousin.(改为否定句)The girl my cousin. 9.This is an orange.(改为复数句) oranges 10.The weather is fine..（对画线部分提问) the weather? 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.A;3.B;4.A;5.C;6.A;7.A;8.A;9.B;10.C 选择 (二)语法 1.am 2.am ;3.is 4.are 5.is 6.is 7.are 8.are 9.is 10.is 填空 (三)按要 1.are not 2.Is;a 3.How old is 4.Where are 5.are not 6.Are;I am 7.They are; 求完成句子 8.is not 9.These are 10.How is 章 语法精讲精练二 1.指示代词的定义与功能 指示代词(Demonstrative Pronouns)用来指代人或事物，在句中可作主语、宾语、定 语。 核心功能：表示“近指”或“远指”，同时区分单数和复数。 单数 复数 距离含义 近指（指离说话人近的人或 this these 物) 远指（指离说话人远的人或 that those 物) 【考点】this/these常与here连用，that/those常与there连用。 This book here is mine./That car over there is Tom's. 2.指示代词的三大基本用法 (1)作定语（修饰名词，最常考） √结构：this/that/these/those+名词 √名词的单复数必须与指示代词一致： this/hat→可数名词单数/不可数名词 these/.those→可数名词复数 近指 远指 名词形式 this pen that pen 单数 these pens those pens 复数 ★易错点： This is a book.(this作主语) This book is interesting.(this作定语，修饰book) →学生常混淆“this is'”和“this book”,需注意句子成分。 (2)作主语（单独指代人或物) √结构：This/That/These/Those+动词 单数→动词用单三(is/was/has) 复数→动词用复数(are/were/have) 例： This is my teacher. These are my classmates. ★考点：回答时单数用it/that,复数用they/hose What's this?->It's a pencil./That's a ruler What are these?>They are apples./Those are oranges (中考常考回答中主语的选择，不能直接用this/hat回答) (3)作宾语（放在动词或介词后） √结构：动词/介词+this/that/these/those 例： I like this very much. Please look at that. Can you help me with these? 【注意】作宾语时一般指代上文提到的事物，避免重复。 例：I bought a new bag.Do you like this?(this指代刚买的bag) 3.特殊用法与易混考点 (1)电话用语中的this/hat 介绍自己：This is+姓名/This is+身份+speaking 询问对方：Who is that?/Is that+姓名+speaking? 例： -Hello!This is Mike.Is that Mr.Smith? -Yes,this is Mr.Smith speaking. 口诀：我是his,你是that(电话中称呼自己用this,称呼对方用that) (2)that/those代替前面提到的事物（避免重复） 结构中常用that of.…或those of比较两个事物。 例： The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Nanjing. (that代替weather,.避免重复) The books on the desk are newer than those on the shelf. (those代替books) 【考点】初中阶段仅了解即可，不要求深入。 (3)this/that可指时间 this指“今天、今年、这个月”等当前时间。 -this morning this week this year hat指“过去或将来某个时间点”。 that day that evening /that year 例： I met him this morning.(今天早上) That evening we had a party.(那天晚上) 4.两个常错点（中考基础题） ①his/these与here,that/those与there搭配 These books here are new. That cat over there is cute. X不可写成“This here book”,这是口语错误用法。 ②单复数一致 This apple is red. These apples are red. X不能说“This apples are red.”或“These apple is red.” 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（每题只有一个正确选项) 1.-What's over there? —It's a kite. A.this B.that C.these D.those 2. are my friends.Look!They are playing football. A.This B.That C.These D.That's 3.—Hello! is Mary.Who A.This;is that;This B.That,is this;That C.This;are you;This D.That;is that;That 4.Are your books? A.these;these B.those;those C.these;they D.that;it 5.The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than in Beijing in summer. A.this B.that C.these D.those 6.-What are A.this;It B.that;It C.these;They D.those;Those 7. trousers on the chair are blue over there are black. A.These;Those B.This;That C.That;This D.Those;These 8.—Is a map of China? A.this;it B.that;this C.these;they D.those;they 9.I don't like apples.Please give me oranges. A.these;those B.this;that C.that;this D.those;that 10.-Mm is my new friend,David -Nice to meet you,David. A.this B.that C.he D.it (二)语法填空（用所给指示代词的正确形式填空，每空一词) 1. (this)are my pencils 2. (that)is a nice cat over there. 3.-What are (these)? (they)are bananas. 4.Look at (that)girls.They are from Class 3 5. (this)book is interesting,but (that)one is boring. 6.-Who is (this)speaking?- (this)is Lucy. 7. (these)pens on the desk are mine (that)on the floor are yours. 8.The CDs here are better than (that)there 9.I don't like (this)shoes.Please show me (those)black ones. 10.-What's (that)in English? (it)is a ruler. (三)完成句子（根据中文意思，补全英文句子） 1.这是你的铅笔吗？ your pencil? 2.那些是她的书。 her books. 3这些苹果比那些苹果大。 apples are bigger than 4.电话里： 你好，我是李明。你是王老师吗？ -Hello! Li Ming.Is Mr.Wang? 5.请看看这个。 Please 6.那边的那座山更高。 The mountain over there is taller than here. 7.这些是他们的书包，那些是我们的。 are their schoolbags,and are ours 8迈克不喜欢这些土豆。 Mike doesn't like 9.我昨天买了一条裙子。你喜欢它吗？ I bought a skirt yesterday.Do you like 10.这儿的书和那儿的书不一样。 The books here are different from 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.A;4.C;5.B;6.C;7.A;8.A;9.A;10.A 选择 (二)语法 1.These ;2.That ;3.these,They 4.those ;5.This,that ;6.this,This ;7.These; 填空 Those 8.those 9.these;those 10.that,It (三)完成 1.Is this 2.Those are 3.These;those 4.This is;that 5.look at this 6.that; 句子 7.These;those 8.these potatoes ;9.this 10.those there