Unit 6 When disaster strikes-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（外研版）

Unit 6 When disaster strikes 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★过去进行时 ★过去进行时与一般过去时的用法区别 语法精讲精练一 1.定义与基本结构 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。其核心构成是was/were+现 在分词。 定义 结构 例句 表示过去某个时间点正在发生 肯定：主语+was/were+ I was reading a book at 8 last 的动作 doing+其他 night. 表示过去某段时间内持续进行 否定：主语+was/were+not They were not playing football 的动作 +doing+其他 then. 常与具体时间状语或另一个过 疑问：Was/Were+主语+ Were you watching TV at that 去动作搭配 doing+其他？ time? 2.过去进行时的三大核心用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作（中考高频） 句中常有明确的时间状语，如：at that time/at7:O0 yesterday/this time last night/at that moment等。 例：What you (do)at 8:00 last night? 答：What were you doing at8:00 last night?(你昨晚八点在做什么？) (2)表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作（中考中档） 动作在过去一段时间内一直在进行，但不一定每时每刻都在做。常与all momning/the whole aftemnoon/fiom2to4 yesterday等连用。 例：She (write)a letter from 8 to 10 last night. 答：She was writing a letter fiom8tol0 last night.(她昨晚8点到10点一直在写信。) (3)与when/while引导的时间状语从句连用（中考核心重难点） 连词 用法 例句 引导时间状语从句，表示“当…的时 候”，从句动词可以用一般过去时或过去 I was watching TV when my mother came when 进行时。主句用过去进行时，表示一个动 back.(我妈妈回来时我正在看电视。) 作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。 While I was sleeping,my brother was 强调两个动作同时发生，从句常用过去进 while 行时。 playing games..(我睡觉时，我哥哥在玩游 戏。) 考点：when从句常使用一般过去时（短暂动作）；while/从句常用过去进行时（持续动 作)。另外，”was/were doing..when..“是固定句型，意为“正在做…突然…” when在这里相当于“at that time'。 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） (1)过去进行时s一般过去时 对比项 过去进行时 般过去时 侧重点 强调动作的持续或进行 强调动作的完成或发生 时间状语 at that time,at 7:00 yesterday,all morning yesterday,last week,just now,in 2010 I was doing my homework at 9 last night. I did my homework last night..(昨晚我做 例句 (昨晚9点我在做作业一一未完成) 了作业一一已完成) 考点：如果句子强调“正在做”或“持续做”，则用过去进行时：如果仅仅陈述过去发生 的事，则用一般过去时。 (2)动词现在分词的构成规则（中考基础考点） 规则 举例 般情况+ing read→reading,play→playing 以不发音e结尾，去e+ing write→writing,make→naking 重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音+ing sit→sitting,Iun→running,swim→swimming 特殊：die→dying,lie→lying,tie→tying die→dying (3)过去进行时用于描述故事背景（阅读/写作考点） 在记叙文或故事中，经常用过去进行时描述背景场景，再用一般过去时描述事件。 例：The sun was shining,and the birds were singing.Suddenly,a dog ran across the road..(阳光 明媚，鸟儿在歌唱。突然，一条狗跑过了马路。) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，8-10题/大题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1.-What were you doing at 7:00 yesterday evening?-I my homework A.do B.did C.was doing D.am doing 2.While my mother dinner,my father came home. A.cooked B.was cooking C.cooks D.has cooked 3.They a football match when it began to rain. A.watched B.were watching C.watch D.have watched 4.-Did you see Tom at the party?-No,he a photo at that time A.took B.was taking C.has taken D.takes 5.The children happily in the park at 4:00 yesterday afternoon A.play B.played C.were playing D.have played 6.I my grandmother at that time.So I didn't answer your call. A.visited B.was visiting C.visit D.will visit 7.-I called you at 8:00 this moming,but nobody answered.-Oh,I a meeting A.had B.was having C.have D.am having 8.Please don't make so much noise.The baby A.sleeps B.slept C.is sleeping D.was sleeping 9.-What were you doing when the earthquake happened?-I in the kitchen. A.cooked B.was cooking C.cook D.have cooked 10.While I for the bus.I met an old fiiend A.waited B.wait C.was waiting D.am waiting (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 Last Sunday,I 1. (have)a wonderful day.In the moming,I 2. (do)my homework while my mother 3 (clean)the house.At about 10:00,my fiiend Tom 4. (call)me. He asked me to go out and play basketball.At that moment,I 5. (finish)my homework.So I said yes. When I arrived at the playground,some boys 6. (play)football.Tom and I 7. (practice)shooting.Suddenly,the ball 8. (hit)a girl on the head.She 9. (cy）and we felt very sory.We 10. (say)sony to her,and she forgave us. What a special memory! (三)完成句子（用过去进行时或提示词完成句子) 1.昨天这个时候我正在画画。1 at this time yesterday. 2.当我到达车站时，他们正在等火车。When I at the station,they for the train. 3.那天下雨时，你在做什么？What you when it that day? 4.她正在洗碗，电话响了。She the dishes when the phone 5.从下午两点到四点，我一直在看书。I a book from 2 to 4 p.m. 6.孩子们刚才还在外面玩耍。The children outside just now. 7.他摔倒的时候正在跑着。He when he down. 8.我妈妈做饭时，我在写作业。While my mother my homework 9.昨晚九点，她正在听音乐。She to music at 9 last night. 10.我们正在开班会，老师进来了。We a class meeting when the teacher in. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.C;6.B;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.C 选择 (二)语法 1.had 2.was doing 3.was cleaning ;4.called 5.was finishing 6.were playing 填空 7.were practicing 8.hit 9.was crying 10.said 1.was drawing 2.arrived were waiting 3.were doing rained 4.was washing (三)完成 句子 rang 5.was reading ;6.were playing 7.was running fell 8.was cooking was doing i9.was listening 10.were having came 章 语法精讲精练二 1.定义与功能 时态 定义 核心功能 表示过去某个时间发生的动 作或存在的状态，常与表示 强调动作已完成、一次性发 一般过去时 生或状态过去存在。 过去的时间状语连用。 表示过去某个时刻或某段时 强调动作在过去的某一时段 过去进行时 间内正在进行的动作。 内持续进行，尚未完成。 2.基本用法对比 构成方式 时态 肯定句 否定句 疑问句 主语+动词过去式 主语+didn't+动词 Did+主语+动词原 一般过去时 +其他 原形+其他 形+其他？ 主语+was/were+ 主语+was/were+ Was/Were+主语+ 过去进行时 doing+其他 not+doing+其他 doing+其他？ 常用时间状语 一般过去时 过去进行时 at 8:00 yesterday,at that time,at this time last yesterday,last week,in 2020,three days ago,just Sunday,.fom8to9 last night,when/while引导 now.then 的从句 3.两大时态的用法区别（中考核心考点) ①动作的“一次性”vs“持续性” 般过去时：动作已完成，强调结果或事实。 例：I wrote a letter yesterday..(昨天写了一封信，信已写完。) 过去进行时：动作在过去某一时段内持续进行，可能没完成。 例：I was writing a letter at8:00 last night.(昨晚八点我正在写信，不一定写完。) ②“打断”与“背景”关系(when/while). 使用wen:常连接“短暂动作（一般过去时）”打断“持续动作（过去进行 时)”。 例：When the teacher came in,the students were talking.(老师进来时，学生们正在说 话。) 注意：whn后的从句既可用一般过去时也可用过去进行时，但通常主句用过去进行时表 示背景，从句用一般过去时表示打断。 使用wile:常连接两个同时进行的持续动作（均用过去进行时)。 例：While I was reading,my brother was playing basketball..(我在读书时，哥哥在打篮 球。) 注意：while后从句通常用过去进行时，主句可用过去进行时或一般过去时（视情况）。 ③两个同时发生的持续动作 都可用过去进行时，强调同时进行。 例：I was cooking while he was watching TV.(我在做饭时他在看电视。) ④表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作 只能用过去进行时。 例：At9:00 last night,I was doing my homework.(昨晚九点我正在做作业。) ⑤表示过去习惯或反复发生的动作 一般过去时常用used to或would,但也可用一般过去时。 例：I often went to the park last summer..（去年夏天我常去公园。) 过去进行时与always,constantly等连用，表示过去反复发生且带有感情色彩（如抱 怨、赞赏)。 例：He was always losing his keys.(他过去总是丢钥匙一一表示厌烦。) 4.易混考点辨析（中考高频） 易混点 过去进行时 一般过去时 典型例句 when+短暂动作 主句（背景动作） 从句（打断动作） I was watching TV when the phone rang. 两个动作都用过去进 While I was sleeping, while+持续动作 较少用 my mother was 行时 cooking. At 7:00,he was having 表示该时间点完成了 breakfast..（正在吃) 具体时间点 表示该时间点正在做 某事 He had breakfast at 7:00.（七点吃了) I visited the museum 动作发生次数 不强调次数 强调次数 twice last year.(一般 过去时) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-I called you at 8:00 yesterday evening,but no one answered. Oh,I a shower at that time. A.took B.was taking C.take D.have taken 2.While my mother dinner,my father the newspaper. A.cooked;read B.was cooking;was reading C.cooks;reads D.is cooking;is reading 3.They a football match when the rain A.watched;started B.were watching;started C.were watching;was starting D.watched;was starting 4.-What you at this time yesterday? A.did;do B.were;doing C.are;doing D.do;do 5.He his homework at home last Sunday,but he to the park instead. A.should do;went B.was going to do;went C.did;was going D.was doing;goes 6.The teacher came in while the students loudly. A.talk B.talked C.were talking D.are talking 7.I my key when I to school this morning. A.lost;was walking B.was losing;walked C.lost;walked D.was losing;was walking 8.She the piano from 7:00 to 8:00 last night.That's why she didn't answer the phone A.played B.was playing C.plays D.has played 9.-Did you see Tom at the party? -Yes.He a song when I arrived. A.sang B.was singing C.sings D.is singing 10.While we for the bus,a car suddenly A.waited;stopped B.were waiting;stopped C.were waiting;was stopping D.waited;was stopping (二)语法填空（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 It was a rainy afternoon yesterday.My cat Mimi 1. (sleep)on the sofa when the doorbell 2. (ring).I3. (read)a book in my room,so I didn't hear it.My mother 4. (cook)in the kitchen at that time.She 5. (go)to open the door. It was my neighbor,Mrs.Li.She 6. (carry)an umbrella in her hand.She said she 7. (walk)her dog when the rain 8. (start).She wanted to borrow an umbrella.While my mother 9. (get)the umbrella,I finally 10. (notice) the noise and came out of my room.What a busy afternoon! (三)完成句子（共10题) 1.昨天下午三点我正在和朋友打篮球。 1 basketball with my friends at 3:00 yesterday afternoon 2.当我妈妈到家的时候，我正在弹钢琴。 the piano when my mother home. 3昨天晚上九点，你正在做什么？ What at 9:00 last night? 4.在他看电视的时候，他的妹妹在画画。 While he TV,his sister pictures 5.雨开始下的时候，他们正在公园里跑步。 They in the park when the rain 6我昨天没有去图书馆，我一直在家里复习功课。 I go to the library yesterday.I my lessons at home all day. 7.她总是丢三落四（过去）。 She always things 8.老师走进教室时，学生们正在安静地写作业。 When the teacher into the classroom,the students their homework quietly. 9.昨晚八点到九点之间，我在看电视，而我的爸爸在看书。 From 8:00 to 9:00 last night,I TV while my father a book. 10当我们正在爬山时，突然下起了大雨。 We the mountain when it suddenly to rain heavily. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.C;7.A;8.B;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.was sleeping 2.rang ;3.was reading 4.was cooking 5.went 6.was 填空 canrying 7.was walking 8.started 9.was getting 10.noticed 1.was playing 2.was playing,got came)3.were you doing 4.was (三)完成 watching,was drawing 5.were running,staited 6.didn't,was reviewing was 句子 going over);7.was,losing 8.came,were doing 9.was watching,was reading 10.were climbing;began started)