Unit 3 Make it happen!-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（外研版）

Unit 3 Make it happen! 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★动词不定式与-ng形式作宾语 ☆常见只能接不定式/只能接-ig作宾语的动词辨析 语法精讲精练一 1.定义与功能 动词不定式：to+动词原形（如todo,togo),在句中可作宾语，表示“去做某事”。 动名词(-ing形式)：动词+-ing(如doing,going),在句中可作宾语，表示“做某事” 这一动作或习惯。 考点：两者均不能作谓语，但能作宾语（直接跟在及物动词或介词后）。中考常考哪些动 词后只能接不定式、哪些只能接动名词、哪些两者皆可但意义不同。 2.动词不定式作宾语（三大类） 类型 常用动词 例句 1.表示愿 want,hope,wish,decide,plan,agree, I want to see you again./He decided to 望、计划、 leave early. 决定 refuse,choose,expect 2.表示学 learn,teach (sb.how to do) 习、学会 She learned to swim last summer. 3.疑问词+ know,tell,show,ask,find out,decide+ I don't know where to go.Can you tell to do what/where/how/when/whether to do me how to get there? 注意：疑问词+todo作宾语时，整个结构相当于一个宾语从句（省去主语和情态动词）。 中考常考句型如：I don't know what to do./He showed me how to use it, 3.动名词作宾语（三大类） 类型 常用动词/短语 例句 1.表示喜 like,love,hate,enjoy,mind,finish,keep, I enjoy reading books./Would you mind 欢、厌恶、 习惯 practice,suggest,avoid,consider opening the window? 2.固定搭配 look forward to,be used to,pay attention I look forward to hearing from you./He 中的介词to to,get used to,devote...to is used to getting up early. 3.其他常见 finish,avoid,consider,miss,imagine, He finished doing his homework./We 动词 risk,admit,advise,allow,permit should avoid making mistakes. 易错点：介词o与不定式记号o的区别一一 固定搭配中的to是介词，后接-ing;而 want to do,decide to do中的to是不定式符号。 4.既可接todo也可接doing且意义差别（中考重难点） 动词 todo(不同意义) doing(不同意义) stop to do:停下来（去做另一件事） stop doing:停止（正在做的事）例： stop 例：He stopped to talk.(他停下来，去 He stopped talking.(他停止说话) 说话) forget to do:忘记（要做的事）例：I forget doing:忘记（做过的事）例：I forget forgot to lock the door.(忘记锁门) forgot locking the door.(忘了锁过门) remember to do:记得（要做的事） remember doing:记得（做过的事） remember 例：Remember to close the window.(记 例：I remember closing the window.(我 得关窗) 记得关过窗) try to do:尽力做例：He tried to pass try doing:尝试做例：He tried using a try the exam new method. go on to do:接着做（另一件事) 例： go on doing:继续做（同一件事）例： go on After reading,he went on to write. He went on reading for two hours. 口诀：stop to停下去做，stop doing停止做；forget to忘记做，forget doing忘记做过； remember to记得做，1 emember doing记得做过；yto尽力做，ty doing尝试做；go on to接 着做另一件，go on doing继续做同一件。 5.易混考点辨析（中考常考） le/love/hate:接todo表一时/具体，接doing表习惯/经常。但在初中阶段，两种形式 均可，区别不大。 例：I like swimming..(习惯)/I like to swim today..（具体今天) begin/stat:接todo和doing均可，意义相同。但以下情况常用todo: ①主语是物时：The ice began to melt. ②动词本身是进行时：It is beginning to rain, need:need to do（人做主语，需要去做)；need doing(物做主语，需要被=need to be done)。 例：I need to clean the room.(我需要打扫)/The room needs cleaning.(房间需要被打扫) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，8-10小题/大题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1.My mother often tells me too much junk food A.don't eat B.not eat C.not to eat D.to not eat 2.Would you mind the door?It's cold outside. A.close B.to close C.closing D.closes 3.I forgot the letter.Can you post it for me? A.post B.to post C.posting D.posted 4.He stopped a rest because he was very tired A.having B.to have C.have D.had 5.She enjoys English songs in her free time. A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sings 6.-Do you know this machine? A.how to use B.what to use C.to use how D.using 7.The students are looking forward the museum A.to visit B.visiting C.to visiting D.visit 8.We should avoid the same mistake again. A.make B.to make C.making D.made 9.I remember the book back to the library,but I can't find it now. A.to give B.giving C.give D.gave 10.The teacher told us on the street.It's dangerous. A.not play B.not to play C.don't play D.to not play (二)用所给词的适当形式填空 1.I hope (visit)the Great Wall one day 2.She finished (write)the report just now. 3.We decided (go)to the beach for the weekend 4.He kept (ask)me the same question again and again. 5.Would you like have)a cup oftea? 6.The window needs (clean).It's too dirty 7.They practiced (speak)English every moming. 8.Please remember (lock)the door when you leave 9.I don't know how (solve)this problem. 10.He stopped (smoke)because the doctor advised him to give it up (三)完成句子（根据汉语提示完成句子，每空词数不限） 1.他想要学习弹吉他。Hle wants to play the guitar. 2.你介意我打开窗户吗？Do you mind the window? 3.我忘记关灯了，所以灯还亮着。I forgot the light,so it is still on. 4.他停下来喝水，因为他很渴。He stopped water because he was very thirsty. 5.他们正在考虑去北京旅行。They are considering a trip to Beijing 6.你能告诉我怎样到达车站吗？Can you tell me to the station? 7.我期待收到你的来信。I look fo1ward you. 8.他喜欢游泳胜过跑步。He likes better than 9.我们应该避免在课堂上说话。We should avoid in class. 10.她决定不再迟到。 She decided late again. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.C;6.A;7.C;8.C;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.to visit 2.writing 3.to go 4.asking 5.to have 6.cleaning to be cleaned 7.speaking 8.to lock 9.to solve 10.smoking 形式填空 (三)完成 1.to learn 2.my opening i 3.to turn off 4.to drink 5.taking /having 6.how to 句子 get 7.to hearing from ;8.swimming;running 9.talking speaking 10.not to be 章 语法精讲精练二 1.概念导入 在英语中，当一个动词后面跟另一个动词作宾语时，第二个动词必须采用特定的形式，即 动词不定式(todo)或动名词(-ig)。有些动词习惯上只能跟不定式，有些只能跟动名 词，这是中考和日常考试的高频考点。 2.常见只能接不定式作宾语的动词 这类动词通常表示计划、决定、希望、需要等未来的动作。 核心动词 基本用法 关键记忆点/中考警示 最基础搭配，意为“想要做 want want to do sth. 某事”。 表达委婉意愿，比want更礼 would like would like to do sth. 貌。 表示有可能实现的“希 hope hope to do sth. 望”。★注意：hope没有 hope sb.todo的结构。 decide decide to do sth. 表示“决定做某事”。 plan plan to do sth. 表示“计划做某事”。 learn learn to do sth. 表示“学习做某事”。 promise promise to do sth. 表示“承诺做某事”。 choose choose to do sth. 表示“选择做某事”。 refuse refuse to do sth. 表示“拒绝做某事”。 fail fail to do sth. 表示“未能做成某事”。 记忆口诀：想盼决计学，承选拒败要做(want/hope/decide/plan//learn, promise/choose/refuse/fail→todo） 3.常见只能接动名词(-ing)作宾语的动词 这类动词通常表示喜欢、厌恶、完成、避免、习惯等已发生或持续的抽象动作。 核心动词 基本用法 关键记忆点/中考警示 enjoy enjoy doing sth. 表示“享受/喜欢做某事”。 finish finish doing sth. 表示“完成做某事”。 keep keep doing sth. 表示“持续做某事”。 表示“练习做某事”。★注 practice practice doing sth. 意：practice是英式拼写，美 式为practise。 suggest suggest doing sth. 表示“建议做某事”。 常用于否定句或疑问句，表 mind mind doing sth. 示“介意做某事”。 avoid avoid doing sth. 表示“避免做某事”。 表示“错过做某事”或“思 miss miss doing sth. 念做某事”。 固定搭配，表示“忍不住做 can't help can't help doing sth. 某事”。 give up give up doing sth. 表示“放弃做某事”。 记忆口诀：喜欢完成常练习，建议避免忍不住(enjoy//finish/keep/practice, suggest/avoid/can't helpdoing) 4.考点辨析：接不定式与接动名词意义不同的动词（中考重难点） 动词 +to do +doing stop to do sth.停下来（正在做 stop doing sth.停止做（正在 stop 的事)去做另一件事 做的)事 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget (没做) (已做) remember to do sth.记得去做 remember doing sth.记得做过 remember 某事（未做） 某事（已做） ry to do sth.尽力去做某事 y doing sth.尝试做某事（试 y (努力) 试看) go on to do sth.(（做完一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件 go on 后)接着去做另一件事 事 例： I stopped to talk to her.(我停下来（手头的事）去和她说话。) I stopped talking to her..(我停止了和她说话。) Please1 emember to close the window.(请记得去关窗。) I remember closing the window,(我记得已经关过窗了。) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.Mike decided a new car because his old one was broken. A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.to buying 2.My little sister enjoys cartoon movies very much. A.watch B.watching C.to watch D.watched 3.The man tried his best the heavy box,but he failed. A.lift B.lifting C.to lift D.lifted 4.We should practice English as much as possible to improve our spoken English. A.speak B.speaking C.to speak D.spoke 5.After finishing the hard work,he went on a cup of tea. A.have B.having C.to have D.had 6.Look!The traffic light is red.I suggest here and waiting A.stop B.stopping C.to stop D.stopped 7.I'm sorry I forgot the letter for you.I will do it right now. A.post B.posting C.to post D.posted 8.The little girl couldn't help when she saw her mother A.cry B.crying C.to cry D.cried 9.We all hope to the moon one day. A.travel B.traveling C.to travel D.traveled 10.Would you mind the window?It's a bit cold outside. A.close B.closing C.to close D.closed (二)语法填空（共11空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的适当形式（不定式或动名词形式）。 My name is Tom.I am a student in Grade 8.I always enjoy 1. (read)books in my free time.My teacher often suggests 2. (choose)some classic novels.However,I find it hard 3. (finish)reading a long book.To improve my reading,I decided 4. (make)a plan Yesterday,I promised 5. (spend)at least thirty minutes reading every day.I also plan 6. (write)down some good sentences.On the way home,I stopped 7. (buy)a new diary.I will keep 8. (record)my reading notes. My friend Jack is different from me.He practices 9. (play)the piano for two hours every day.He often forgets 10. (bring)his music book.But he never gives up 11. (learn)new pieces.I hope I can be as hard-working as him (三)完成句子（共10题) 1.他拒绝接受我的帮助。 He refused my help 2.妈妈让我们不要再玩游戏了。 Mother told us computer games. 3.我忍不住大笑起来。 I couldn't help 4.他已经完成了写作文。 He has already finished the composition. 5.请记得明天把书还给我。 Please remember the book to me tomorrow. 6.你介意我打开窗户吗？ Do you mind the window? 7.他们计划下个周末去野营。 They plan camping next weekend. 8.他和他哥哥一样喜欢打篮球。 He enjoys basketball just like his brother 9.请继续练习弹吉他。 Please keep the guitar. 10.我尝试了另一种方法，但都失败了。 Itried another way,but all failed. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.C;2.B;3.C;4.B;5.C;6.B;7.C;8.B;9.C;10.B (二)语法 1.reading 2.choosing 3.to finish 4.to make 5.to spend 6.to write 7.to buy 填空 8.recording 9.playing 10.to bring 11.learning (三)完成 1.to accept;2.to stop playing ;3.laughing 4.writing 5.to return /to give back 句子 6.my/me opening 7.to go8.playing 9.practicing/practising10.using/doing