Unit 2 More than fun-2026-2027学年七年级英语上册语法专项（外研版）

Unit 2 More than fun 语法专项 章 语法概览 女there be句型 ★there be句型与have/has的区别 语法精讲精练一 1.there be句型的定义与基本结构 定义：表示“某处有某物/某人”，是一种倒装结构。hee为引导词，本身无意义，be 动词与后面主语保持人称和数的一致。 基本结构：There+be+主语+地点/时间状语。 例：There is a cat under the chair..椅子下有一只猫。 例：There are many flowers in the garden.花园里有很多花。 考点：be动词只能用is/are/was/were/will be/have been等形式，不能使用have/haso 2.四大核心考点 (1)主谓一致（就近原则） 当主语由and连接两个或以上名词时，be动词与最靠近它的那个名词在数上保持一致。 情况 例句 说明 There is a pen and two books on the 靠近单数名词 is靠近apen desk There are two books and a pen on the 靠近复数名词 are靠近two books desk. 不可数名词作 There is some milk in the bottle. milk不可数，用is 主语 并列多个不可 water不可数，用is 数 There is water and juice in the fridge. ★易错：考生易只按照“主语数量”判断，忽略就近原则。 (2)there be与have/has的区别 项目 there be have/has 含义 存在（某处有某物） 拥有（某人/某物有…） 主语 地点或时间 人/物 例句 There is a car in front of the house. I have a car. X The classroom has a blackboard. 误例 改为There is a blackboard in the classroom. ★考点：表示“某处有”只能用there be,不能用have;表示“某人有”用have/has。但 物作主语时，可用have表示“包含、装有”，如The book has 1000 pages..(那本书有100 页)此时have不表示存在，而是属性。 (3)there be句型的时态与情态变化 时态/情态 结构 例句 一般现在时 There is/are+主语 There is a park near my school. 一般过去时 There was/were+主语 There was a party last night. 一般将来时 There will be+主语 There will be a test tomorrow. There is/are going to be+主语 There is going to be a meeting. 现在完成时 There have/has been+主语 There have been many changes. 情态动词 There+情态动词+be+主语 There must be a reason ★考点：将来时结构中w山be后面直接跟名词，不可再加to;be going to中的be不能省 略。 (4)there be句型的特殊用法 ①反意疑问句：There be.,简短问句？ 例：There are some books,.aren't there?(注意some在反意问句中变any） 例：There is no water,is there?（否定句反意用肯定) 考点：简短问句的主语用here,不用it/theyo ②there be+名词+非谓语动词(doing/todo/done) doing:表主动进行。例：There is a boy crying in the1oom, todo:表将来或被动（常用被动时）。例：There is nothing to be afraid of. done:表被动完成。例：There is a letter written by him. 考点：todo常用于something/nothing/anything之后，且主动形式表被动含义（如There is much work to do.)。 ③否定句与疑问句 否定：be后加not,或直接用no+名词(no=not any) There is not any water.=There is no water. There are not any students.=There are no students. 疑问：be动词提前。例：Is there any water?/Are there any students? 考点：肯定句中用some,否定/疑问句中一般用any,但表请求/建议时可用some。 Would you like some tea?（用some表期望肯定回答) ④特殊结构：There is no doing.（不可能…） 例：There is no telling what will happen.不可能知道会发生什么。 例：There is no denying that he is smart.不可否认他聪明。 3.易混考点辨析 (1)there be there have X There have a book on the desk.错误！ 正确：There is a book on the desk 但there be可以用于完成时：There have been many accidents. (2)there be句型中主语的限定词 常用a/am/some/any/no/many/much/several/a lot of等。 不能用one/his/that/his/her等特指限定词（除非后接定语从句)。 X There is the book on the desk.（(除非强调存在某一特定书，如书中刚提到) 正确：There is a book on the desk.或There is the book that you lost (3)地点状语的位置 有时可放在句首（倒装结构）：In the garden there are many flowers.（(同义) 也可用here/there替代：Here comes the bus.但与here be不同，here是地点副词。 (4)there be与itbe的区别 there be强调“存在”，itbe强调“身份、天气、时间”等。 There is a dog in the yard.(院子里有狗-一存在) It is a dog in the yard.(那是一条狗一一指代) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择 1.There a pencil and two erasers on the desk A.is B.are C.be D.have 2. there any milk in the glass? A.Is B.Are C.Has D.Have 3.There a sports meeting in our school next week A.will have B.is going to have C.will be D.are going to be 4.There are some apples on the table, A.aren't there B.isn't there C.aren't they D.are they 5.Look！There a little boy in the park. A.is;playing B.is,plays C.are;playing D.are;play 6.There any water in the bottle.Let's go get some. A.is B.isn't C.are D.aren't 7.How many students in your class? A.there are B.are there C.there have D.have there 8.There more than one hundred trees in the old city. A.is B.are C.was D.were 9.There is no that he will pass the exam. A.doubt B.news C.question D.wonder 10.-What's in the box? a pen and some books. A.is B.are C.have D.has (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词或用所给词的正确形式。每空一词，共10空。 Hi,my name is Tom.Look at this picture.There 1 (be)a big tree in the middle.There 2 (be) many apples on it.Under the tree there 3(be)two boys.One boy is reading a book,and the other is playing with a dog.There 4 (be)also a small river near the tree.In the liver there 5 (be)some fish.I think there 6 (be)a picnic here next Sunday because my mother said so.But there 7 (be) any chairs now,only a blanket.There 8 (be)a basket full of food beside the blanket.What 9 (be)there in the basket?There 10 (be)some sandwiches and an apple pie.Yummy! (三)完成句子 1.教室里有一些学生。There students in the classroom. 2.明天会有一场春雨吗？ there a spring rain tomorrow? 3.桌子上没有任何牛奶。Thee milk on the table. 4.我家附近有一家超市和一个图书馆。There a supermarket and a library near my home. 5.我的书包里没有书，只有几支笔。Thee any books in my bag.There only a few pens. 6.墙上挂着一幅画，对吗？There is a picture on the wall,. 7.从前有一个老人在森林里住着。There an old man in the forest. 8这附近有银行吗？ there a bank near here? 9.杯子里没有水。Thee no water in the cup. 10.今年我们学校会有很多新老师吗？Will there many new teachers in our school this year? 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.A;3.C;4.A;5.A;6.B;7.B;8.B;9.A;10.A 选择 (二)语法 1.is 2.are 3.are 4.is 5.are 6.will be 7.aren't 8.is 9.is 10.are 填空 (三)完成 1.are some 2.Will be 3.isn't any 4.is 5.aren't are 6.isn't there 7.was living; 句子 8.Is;9.is;10.be 章 语法精讲精练二 1.基本概念与核心区别 用法 含义 主语 典型结构 地点/时间状语+be 表示“某处存在某 There is/are+名词+ there be +名词（通常为不定 物/某人” 地点/时间状语 名词) 表示“某人拥有某 人/物（有生命或整 主语+have/has+名 have/has 物”或“某物具有某 体部分关系) 词 种特征” there be 强调“存在”，主语通常是地点或时间； have/has 强调“归属”，主语通常是拥有者。 2.there be句型的基本用法（四大考点） (1)结构：There+be+名词+地点/时间状语 单数名词或不可数名词用is,复数名词用areo 例：There is a book on the desk 例：There are two apples in the bag. (2)be动词的单复数取决于靠近be的名词（就近原则） 例：There is a pen and two pencils in the box. 例：There are two pencils and a pen in the box, (3)否定句：在be后加not 例：There is not(isn't)any water in the cup There are not (aren't)any students in the classroom. (④)一般疑问句：将be提到here前 例：Is there a cat under the table? 例：Are there any flowers in the garden? (5)特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+there+地点？ 例：How many students are there in your class? 例：What is there in your bag? (6)时态变化 般现在时：is/are 般过去时：was/were 将来时：will be/is going to be 例：There will be a meeting tomorrow. 3.have/has的基本用法（三大考点） (1)表示“有、拥有” 例：I have a new bike. 例：She has long hair (2)否定句：在主语后加dont/doesn't 例：Idon't have a pen 例：He doesn't have a sister.. (3)一般疑问句：借助do/does提问 例：Do you have a pet? 例：Does your mother have a car?? 注意：have/has的否定和疑问必须用助动词do/does,而there be直接否定/疑问 be动词。 4.易混点辨析（中考必考） 情境 用there be 用have/has 判断依据 There is a book on 某地存在某物 强调“存在” the table. 某人拥有某物 X √I have a book 强调“拥有” √There are five √Each hand has five 两者均可，但侧重不 整体与部分关系 fingers on each hand. fingers. 同 There is a storm 天气/自然现象 不可用have coming 固定搭配（如“开 √There is a meeting √We have a meeting 均可，但句型不同 会”) this afternoon. this aftemnoon. 食物/饮料(“有” √There is some milk √Do you have any 根据主语 提供) in the fridge. milk? 中考高频陷阱：误用have代替there be表示“存在”： The classroom has 30 students. There are 30 students in the classroom. 误用there be表示“拥有”： 口There is a car.(不完整，缺地点) √I have a car.(正确) 5.特殊结构（拓展） There be+名词+doing(表示“有…正在做…”) There is a boy playing football on the playground. There be+名词+介词短语（地点状语） 例：There are some birds in the tree. 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-What's in your pencil case? some pencils and a pen A.There is B.There are C.It has D.They have 2.My sister a red dress.She likes it very much. A.have B.has C.there is D.there are 3. any milk in the fridge? A.Is there B.Are there C.Does it have D.Do it have 4.The library many books.Students often go there. A.have B.has C.there is D.there are 5.There a football match on TV tomorrow evening. A.is B.are C.will be D.have 6.-How many students in your school? -About 2.000 A.are there B.is there C.do you have D.does it have 7.He doesn't a car,but he a bike. A.has;have B.have;has C.there is;there are D.there are;there is 8.Look！There some bread on the plate A.is B.are C.have D.has 9.—Does your father a new watch? -Yes,he does. A.has B.have C.there is D.there are 10.There a big tree and many flowers in the garden. A.is B.are C.have D.has (二)按要求完成句子（共10题） 1.桌子上有一本书。 a book on the desk. 2.他没有兄弟姐妹。 He any brothers or sisters 3.你的书包里有什么？ What in your schoolbag? 4.我们班有五十名学生。 There fifty students in our class. 5.她有一把蓝色的雨伞。 She a blue umbrella 6.教室里没有学生。 any students in the classroom. 7.你家里有宠物吗？ you a pet at home? 8.明天下午将有一场考试。 There an exam tomorrow afternoon. 9树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。 There a bird in the tree. 10.这个房间有三扇窗户。 three windows in this room. (三)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词或所给词的正确形式。 Hi,I'm Tom.I 1. (have)a good friend.His name is Mike.He 2. (have)a big family.There 3. (be)four people in his family:his parents,his sister and him. Look!This is a photo of his room.There 4.(be)a bed,a desk and a chair in it.On the desk,there 5. (be)a computer and some books.The room is very tidy. Mike's school is not far from his home.There 6. (be)about 800 students in his school.His classroom is on the second floor.There 7. (be)30 desks and 30 chairs in it. Mike loves sports.He 8. (have)a basketball and two footballs.He often plays basketball after school.There 9. (be)a basketball court near his home. Does Mike 10. (have)a pet?Yes,he has a lovely dog. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.A;4.B;5.C6.A;7.B;8.A;9.B;10.A 选择 (二)按要 1.There is 2.doesn't have 3.is there 4.are;5.has 6.There aren't 7.Do;have 求完成句子 8.will be 9.is;singing 10.There are (三)语法 1.have 2.has 3.are 4.is 5.is 6.are 7.are 8.has 9.is 10.have 填空