Unit 2 Home Sweet Home-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（人教版）

Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 语法专项 章 语法概览 女Can/Could表礼貌请求和许可 ★表能力的情态动词 语法精讲精练一 一、核心讲解 1.功能与语气区分 功能：表示“请求对方做某事”或“请求对方允许自己做某事”。 语气对比： 情态动词 语气 常用场景 Can 直接、口语化、非正式 朋友、家人、熟人之间 Could 委婉、礼貌、正式 陌生人、长辈、正式场合 注意：这里的Could不是cam的过去式，而是表达更客气的语气。 例： Can I use your pen?我能用你的笔吗？（较直接） Could I use your pen?请问我能用你的笔吗？（更礼貌) 2.基本句式结构（三大考点） ①表“请求对方做某事”（主语为对方） 结构 例句 Can/Could+主语+动词原形+·.？ Can you open the door'?你能开下门吗？ Could you please+动词原形+..？（更礼 Could you please help me?请您帮我一下好吗？ 貌) ②表“请求允许自己做某事”（主语为自己） 结构 例句 Can/Could+I+动词原形+，..？ Can I sit here?我能坐这儿吗？ Could I+动词原形+..？（更礼貌） Could I borrow your book?我能借你的书吗？ ③常见回答方式 肯定回答 否定回答（委婉） Yes,you can./Sure.Of course./Certainly. Sorry,you can't./I'm afraid you can't./Not now Yes,please.(对请求允许) Sory,I'm afraid not.(对请求对方) 例： Could I go out now? Yes,you can./No,you can't.You must finish your homework first. 3.易混易错点（中考必考） ①Can/Could与May的区别 词 语气 正式程度 Can 直接，口语 最常用 Could 委婉 较正式 May 正式、尊敬 非常正式（常用在书面或服务行业） 辨析： May I come in? (课堂报告)→比Could更正式，但初中较少考，重点掌握can/could。. ②Could表请求时，不是过去式 陷阱题： Could you help me? Yes,Ican.(√不能答Yes,I could,因为问句是请求，回答用cam或cam't) 规则：对Could引导的请求句，肯定回答用can,否定回答用camt。 ③区分“能力”与“请求/许可” 能力：I can swim.（我会游泳) 请求/许可：Can I swim here?(我能在这儿游泳吗？) 中考常在一个句子中混考，需根据语境判断。 例： Can you speak English?(能力) Yes,Ican.(能力回答) 一Can I use your dictionary?(请求许可) -Sure,here you are. 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，每题8-10小题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 1.-Could I borrow your bike? A.Yes,you could B.Yes,you can C.Sory,you can't D.No,you couldn't 2. you please pass me the salt?-Here you are. A.Can B.Could C.May D.Need 3.-Can I watch TV now?- A.Yes,you can B.No,you can't C.Sure D.Of course 4.-Could you tell me the way to the hospital?- I'm new here. A.Yes,I could B.Sory,I can't C.No,I couldn't D.Yes,I can 5. I use your pen? A.Can B.Must C.Should D.Need 6.-Could I have a cup of coffee? A.Yes,please B.I'm afraid not C.Certainly D.OK 7.-Can you come to my birthday party tomorrow? A.can B.could C.can't D.couldn't 8.-Mom, I finish my homework in the living room? A.could B.must C.may D.need 9.-Could you help me with my English? A.could B.can C.may D.am 10.- I take a photo here? A.Can B.Could C.Should D.Both A and B (二)完成句子 根据中文提示，完成下列英语句子，每空词数不限。 1.请问你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？ you me carry this box? 2.我能在这儿坐几分钟吗？ here for a few minutes? 3你可以把窗户打开吗？房间里太热了。 you the window?It's too hot in the room. 4.一我能用一下你的手机吗？一对不起，我正用它呢。 I use your phone?- Sony,I it now 5请你告诉我去车站的路好吗？ you please me the way to the station? 6.一我可以再吃一块蛋糕吗？ 当然可以。 I have another piece of cake?- you can 7.他能在这里停车吗？ he park his car here? 8您能再说一遍吗？我没听清。 you say it again?I didn't catch it. 9.一我们能在图书馆里吃东西吗？一不，不能。看那个标志。 we eat in the library?-No,you Look at the sign 10.一你能在八点前到校吗？一恐怕不行。 you get to school before 8:00?- afraid not. (三)情景对话（补全对话） 根据对话上下文，在空白处填入合适的句子或短语，使对话完整、通顺。 对话一(A想借B的词典) 1.A:Excuse me, B:Sure.Here you are. 2.A:? B:You can keep it for a week A:Thank you very much. 3.B: 对话二(A想用B的电脑) 4.A:Hi,Tom B:Sorry,I'm using it now. 5.A: 9 B:Maybe in an hour. A:OK.Thanks 对话三(A想在图书馆借书) 6.A:Excuse me, ? B:Yes,you can.Here are some books about science. 7A: B:You can borrow up to three books at a time. 8.A: B:For two weeks. A:I see.Thank you 对话四(A想请B帮忙拍照) 9.A:Hello. B:Of course.(takes the photo)Here you are. A:Thank you.Could you take another one? 10.B: 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.B;7.C;8.A;9.B;10.D 选择 1.Could/Can;help 2.Can/Could;sit;3.Could/Can;open 4.Can/Could;am using (二)完成 5.Could;tell 6.Can/Could;Of course/Sure 7.Can/Could 8.Could 9.Can/Could; 句子 can't 10.Can/Could;I'm 1.Could I borrow your dictionary?;2.Could you tell me how long I can keep it? (三)情景 3.You're welcome.4.Could I use your computer?5.When can I use it?6.Can I 对话 borrow some books here?7.How many books can I borrow?;8.How long can I keep them?9.Could you take a photo of me?10.Sure./Yes,I can. 章 语法精讲精练二 1.定义与功能 定义：情态动词(Modal Verbs)本身有一定词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与动词原形 一起构成谓语。 核心考点：表能力的情态动词主要指can/could/be able to,用于表示“能够、会（做某 事)”。其中can最常考，could是can的过去式，be able to用于表示“设法做成某 事”或用于各种时态。 2.表能力的情态动词用法（三大核心考点） (1)can的用法（表“现在的能力”，也表“可能性”） 用法 说明 例句 用于现在时，主语不论人 She can speak English very 表示现在的能力（会/能） 称，can不变形 well. 用于否定句或疑问句，表示 That can't be true.(那不可能 表示可能性（有时会） “可能/不可能” 是真的。) 固定搭配：cannot.to0. 意为“再…也不为过” You cannot be too careful when crossing the street. 缩写为cant,强调能力不行 否定形式：camt/cannot He can't swim across the river. 或不可能 【考点】can与be able to的互换：在现在时中，can=be able to;但在具体完成某事时， 只能用was/were able to(相当于managed to)。 (2)could的用法（表“过去的能力”） 用法 说明 例句 用于过去时，泛指过去具备 表示过去的能力（会/能） When I was young,I could 某种能力 swim very fast. 表示过去的可能性（可能/可 He could come to the party if he 常用于否定句或条件句 以) was free. 比can更礼貌，但仍是情态 Could you help me with this 用于委婉请求（虚拟语气） 动词表示能力 box? 【考点】could与was/were able to的区别：could表示“过去一般能力”；was/were able to表示“过去某次成功做成某事”。 (3)be able to的用法（表“能/可以”，更灵活） 用法 说明 例句 用于各种时态（现在/过去/ 可以代替cam,尤其用于将 I will be able to finish the work 将来) 来时和完成时 tomorrow. 表示“设法做成某事”（成 强调通过努力成功地做了某 He was able to escape from the 功性) 事，相当于managed to fire 与cant可互换，但语气更正 She isn't able to come to school 否定形式：be not able to 式 today. 【考点】be able to可接不定式(todo),而can后直接接动词原形。 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） (I)can/could/be able to的时态互译 现在时：can=be able to 过去时：could（一般能力)≠was/were able to(成功做到) 将来时：只能用will be able to (2)can与be able to在否定句中的区别 He can't swim.(他不会游泳，指能力不行) He isn't able to swim.(他不能游泳，可能是因为身体原因或其他障碍) (3)含情态动词的句子变否定和疑问 否定：主语+can't/could not/be not able to+动词原形 疑问：Can/Could+主语+动词原形？/Be+主语+able to+动词原形？ 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共8题）》 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.- you play the piano? A.Can B.Could C.May D.Must 2.He swim when he was only five years old.That's amazing! A.can B.could C.will be able to D.can't 3.You be too careful when you drive on a rainy day. A.can't B.could C.mustn't D.needn't 4.-Did you finish your homework last night? A.could B.was able to C.can D.will be able to 5. you speak French? —No,I But I can speak Japanese. A.Can;can't B.Could:couldn't C.Are;aren't D.Be;not 6.I think I pass the exam if I work hard from now on. A.can B.could C.will be able to D.was able to 7.The little girl dance beautifully when she was six. A.can B.could C.is able to D.will be able to 8. I use your dictionary? A.Could;can B.Can;could C.Could;could D.Can;can (二)语法填空（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。如需情态 动词，填入正确的形式。 My sister Lily is a talented girl.She 1. (can)play the violin very well.But when she was younger,she 2. (not can)play it at all.She started to learn it at the age of five. At first,she 3. (not be able to)make a beautiful sound.But with her teacher's help, she 4. (be able to)play a simple song after three months Last month,there was a school talent show.Lily wanted to perform.She practiced very hard every day.Finally,she 5. (was able to)play the most difficult piece perfectly.The audience all clapped for her.After the show,I asked her,"6. (Can)you teach me how to play the violin?"She smiled and said,"Of course I 7. (can).But you 8. (need)to practice every day." Now Lily is a member of the school orchestra.I believe she 9. (be able to)become a great musician in the future.I am proud of her because she 10. (can)always find a way to overcome difficulties. (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.他三岁时就会骑自行车了。 He ride a bike when he was three years old. 2.我能用一下你的尺子吗？当然可以。 use your ruler?Of course,you 3.昨天她终于设法完成了那项任务。 She finish that task yesterday 4.你再怎么小心也不为过。 You too careful 5.明天他不能来参加聚会了。 He come to the party tomorrow. 6.我会说英语和中文。 人 English and Chinese. 7.你小时候会游泳吗？不，我不会。 you when you were young?No,I 8.我相信她能在比赛中获胜。 I believe she win the competition. 9.我们都能感受到他的快乐。 We all his happiness. 10.那个男孩虽然双目失明，却能通过声音辨别方向。 Though the boy is blind,he tell directions by sound. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.A;4.B;5.A;6.C;7.B;8.A 选择 (二)语法 1.can 2.could not/couldn't 3.was not able to 4.was able to 5.was able to; 填空 6.Can 7.can 8.need 9.will be able to 10.can (三)完成 1.could ride 2.Can/May I;can 3.was able to 4.can't be 5.isn't able to ;6.can 句子 speak 7.Could;swim;couldn't ;8.will be able to 9.are;able to feel 10.can