Unit 6 Wisdom counts-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（沪教版）

U6 Wisdom counts 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★现在完成时与一般过去时区分 章 语法精讲精练一 1.两种时态的基本区别 对比维度 一 般过去时 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的 定义 状态，与现在无关 或结果，或从过去持续到现在的动作/状 态 强调动作发生在过去，常与明确的过去 强调动作与现在的联系，不强调具体过 核心考点 时间状语连用 去时间 句子重心 动作发生的时间(when) 动作的结果或持续（so far,up to now) 2.时间状语对比（中考高频考点） 一般过去时常用时间状语 现在完成时常用时间状语 yesterday,last week/month/year already,yet,ever,never,just ...ago (two days ago) recently,lately,so far in+过去年份(in2010) up to now,until now the day before yesterday in the past/last few years when I was... since+时间点/for+时间段 ★易错警示：当句子中出现明确的过去时间状语（如yesterday,last night,in2008等)时，必须 用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。 3.动作是否影响现在的判断（核心区分方法） 方法：判断该动作是否对说话时(now)有影响或结果。 若有影响→现在完成时；若只是单纯描述过去事实→一般过去时。 例： I lost my key yesterday.（我昨天丢了钥匙。一一只描述过去的事，现在可能找到了也可能没 找到，不强调结果) I have lost my key.(我丢了钥匙。 强调现在还没找到，不能开门) 4.与for/since连用的时态规则 结构 时态要求 例 现在完成时（若动作持续至 I have studied English for three for+时间段(for two years) 今) years. since+时间点(since2010) 现在完成时 He has lived here since 2010. She has been happy since she since+从句（一般过去时） 主句现在完成时 moved here. ★重要考点：瞬间动词（如buy,borow,leave,die,joim等)不能与for/since:连用，需转换为延续 性动词： buy →have→have had borrow→keep leave→be away(fiom) die→be dead join->be a member of/be in 例： He has bought the book for two weeks He has had the book for two weeks. 5.have been to/have gone to/have been in辨析（中考必考） 结构 含义 例句 have been to 去过某地（己回来） I have been to Shanghai twice. -Where is Tom?-He has have gone to 去了某地（未回来/在路上） gone to the library. She has been in Beijing for five have been in 在某地待了多久（持续状态） years 6.常见标志词速记（口诀） 一般过去时：yesterday,.last,ago,in+过去年份，just now,the other day 现在完成时：already,.yet,ever,never,.just,recently,so far,since,foI,in the past.. 二、专项训练（中考/名校难度，8-10题/大题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1.-Where is your brother?-He to the library. A.has been B.has gone C.went D.goes 2.I this book for two weeks.It's very interesting. A.have bought B.bought C.have had D.had 3. you ever to the Great Wall?-Yes,I there last year. A.Have;been;went B.Did;go;have been C.Have;gone;went D.Did;go;went 4.She her homework already.Now she is watching TV. A.finishes B.finished C.has finished D.will finish 5.My father in this factory since he to this city. A.has worked,came B.worked;came C.has worked;has come D.works;comes 6.-When you the news?-I it yesterday. A.did;hear,heard B.have;heard;heard C.did;hear,have heard D.have;heard;have heard 7.The train for ten minutes. A.has left B.left C.has been away D.was away 8.-Look!The light is on.Someone at home. A.is;has come B.has been;came C.is;came D.has been;has come 9.—I'm sorry,I your ruler.-Never mind.I a new one A.broke;have bought B.have broken;bought C.broke;bought D.have broken;have bought 10.-How long you here? A.did;live B.have;lived C.do;live D.will;live (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）。 Tom is my best fiiend.He 1. (come)to China two years ago.He 2. (live)in Beijing since then.He 3. (dleamn)Chinese for almost two years,and now he can speak it very well. Last summer,we 4. (go)to Shanghai together.We 5. (visit)many interesting places. Tom 6. (take)a lot of photos there.He 7. (show)them to me already.I think he 8. (be)to many cities in China so far. This morning,Tom 9. (tell)me that he 10 (finish)reading a Chinese novel.He said he 1l (feel)very proud because it was his first time to read a whole book in Chinese (三)完成句子 1.你已经完成作业了吗？ you your homew ork 2.我爷爷去世已经三年了。My grandpa for three years. 3.我从来没有去过那个博物馆。I to that museum 4.他上个月买了一本新书，现在他已经读完了。He a new book last month,and he it already 5.她从2018年开始就在这所学校学习。She in this school 2018. 6你曾经看过这部电影吗？是的，我上周看的。 you ever this movie?Yes,I it last week 7.我们班已经赢得了篮球赛。Our class the basketball game 8.他离开家乡已经五年了。He from his hometown for five years. 9.我刚刚把钥匙落在教室里了。I my keys in the classroom 10.她去过上海两次，但从未去过北京。She to Shanghai twice,but she never to Beijing 三、 参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.A;4.C;5.A;6.A;7.C;8.A;9.A;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.came 2.has lived 3.has learned/has been learning 4.went 5.visited 6.took 填空 7.has shown 8.has been 9.told 10.had finished 11.felt 1.Have;finished;yet 2.has been dead 3.have never been 4.bought;has finished (三)完成 句子 5.has studied;since 6.Have;seen;saw 7.has won 8.has been away 9.have just left 10.has been;has;been 章 语法精讲精练二 1.形容词的定义与功能 定义：形容词(Adjective)用来修饰名词/代词，说明人或事物的性质、状态、特征或数 量。 核心考点：形容词在句中只能作定语、表语、补语，不能作谓语（中考最基础易错点）。 2.形容词的基本用法（四大核心考点) (1)作定语（修饰名词，中考高频） 类型 用法 例句 形容词放在名词前（绝大多 前置定语 a beautiful girl tall trees 数情况) 限定词→描绘词→大小/长短 一形状/新旧→颜色→国籍/ a small round red Chinese 多个形容词顺序 材料→类别→名词口诀：美 wooden table 小圆旧黄，法国木书房 ①修饰不定代词 something/anything/nothing/e verything等)②以-able/-ible 1 I have something important 后置定语 结尾的形容词；部分表语形 to tell you.2 the only person awake 容词(alone/asleep/awake)修 饰名词时 (2) 作表语（放在系动词后，中考高频） 系动词类型 常见词 例句 be动词 am/is/are/was/were The flower is sweet. 感官动词 look/sound/smell/taste/feel The flower smells sweet. 变化动词 become/get/tumn/grow The leaves tum yellow. 保持动词 keep/stay/remain Please stay healthy. 易错辨析： √The flower smells sweet.(sweet作表语，修饰flower). X The sweet flower is red.(sweet作定语，修饰flower) 此处正确，但学生常混淆表 语与定语位置。 (3)作宾语补足语（放在宾语后，中考中档） 结构：动词+宾语+形容词 常见搭配动词：keep/make/leave/find/think/feel等 动词 结构 例句 We should keep our classroom keep keep+宾语+形容词 clean. make make+宾语+形容词 The news made us happy. find d+宾语+形容词 I find this book interesting. (④)形容词的级（原级/比较级/最高级， 中考核心重难点) 级 结构 例句 考点 as+原级+as(一 样.…)not as/s0+ This book is as 否定形式not as..as 原级 原级+as（不 interesting as that one. 可与not so..as互换 如…) 特殊变形 比较级+than the+ Lily is taller than Lucy. (good-→better,. 比较级 比较级，the+比较级 The more you read,the bad→worse, (越…越…) wiser you are. nany-→more）than前 不加the 最高级 the+最高级+名词 This is the most 最高级前加the;范围 +范围(inof.) beautiful city in China. 介词n+地点，of计群 one of the+最高级+ He is one of the 体；特殊变形 复数名词（最…之 hardest-working (far->farthest/furthest 一) students 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） (1)形容词vs副词 词性 功能 例句 形容词 修饰名词/代词 He is a careful boy. He does his homework 副词 修饰动词/形容词/副词/句子 carefully. 词性转换高频词：care→careful→carefully;happy→happily (2)以-y结尾的形容词 不是所有以-ly结尾的词都是副词！常见形容词有：friendly,lovely,lonely,lively,daily 用法 例句 作定语修饰名词 She is a friendly girl. 作表语 She is very friendly. She is friendlier than me.（易错点：fiiendly→ 比较级/最高级 fiiendlier,fiiendliest) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-What do you think of the movie?-It's than the last one.I want to watch it again. A.interesting B.more interesting C.most interesting D.the most interesting 2.There is in today's newspaper.Let's watch TV instead. A.important nothing B.nothing important C.important anything D.anything important 3.The little girl looked when she heard the good news. A.happily B.happy C.happiness D.happier 4.-Which is the blue shirt or the red one? A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.most beautiful D.the most beautiful 5.We should keep in the reading room. A.quietly B.quiet C.quietly D.quietness 6.This is useful book I have ever read.I learned a lot fromit A.a B.an C.the most D.most 7.The we prepare,the we will feel in the exam. A.more;more confident B.much;confident C.most;most confident D.many;confident 8.-Is this book ?-Yes,it's my favorite.I like it very much. A.yours B.your C.you D.yourself 9.The weather today is much than yesterday A.hot B.hotter C.hottest D.the hottest 10.My sister is of the three girls. A.tall B.taller C.tallest D.the tallest (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 My best friend is Lily.She is a 1. (love)girl with big eyes.She is not only 2. (help)but also hard-working.Every morning,she gets up 3. (early)than me to read English.She always gets good grades because she studies 4. (careful). Last week,we had a school trip to the countryside.The scenery there was 5. (beautiful)than I expected.We picked fresh fruits and fed small animals.Lily was 6. (excite)than any other student.She took many photos and told me that she wanted to visit there again On the way back,I felt a little tired.Lily noticed it and shared her water with me.She is really a7. (care)friend.I think she is one of the 8. (popular)students in our class. Do you want to make friends with a girl like her?If you do,you will have a 9. (wonder)time.She is always ready to help others and never says a bad word about anyone. She is truly a 10. (value)friend. (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.这本书和那本书一样有趣。 This book is that one. 2.他是我们班最勤奋的学生之一。 Heis students in our class 3.请保持教室干净整洁。 Please and 4这件衣服不如那件漂亮。 This dress is that one. 5.你越努力，就会越优秀。 you work, you will be. 6.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。 I have to tell you 7.这种花闻起来很香。 This kind of flower 8.她是一个友好的女孩，我们都喜欢和她相处。 She is a girl.We all like with her. 9这是我看过的最感人的电影。 This is the movie I have ever seen. 10.他的爸爸看起来很年轻，其实他已经四十多岁了。 His father looks but he is in his forties. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.C;7.A;8.A;9.B;10D (二)语法 1.lovely 2.helpful ;3.earlier 4.carefully 5.more beautiful 6.more excited