Unit 8 Collecting as a hobby-2026-2027学年七年级英语上册语法专项（沪教版）

U8 Collecting as a hobby 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、人称代词宾格(Personal pronouns&Possessive adjectives/pronouns) 语法精讲精练一 好的，遵照您的要求，以下是按照沪教新版初一上及中考英语难度，针对人称代词宾格、形容 词性物主代词、名词性物主代词生成的语法讲解内容及配套练习题。 一、核心讲解 1.定义与功能 代词是用来代替名词的词，以避免重复。人称代词和物主代词是中考最基础的考点，需要 分清它们在句子中的角色。 2.人称代词与物主代词形式一览表 形容词性物 名词性物主 人称 数 主格（① 宾格(me) 主代词 代词 中文意思 (my) (mine) 单数 me my mine 我的 第一人称 复数 we us 0u1 ours 我们的 你的/你们 第二人称 单数/复数 you you your yours 的 第三人称 单数 he him his his 他的 she her her hers 她的 it its its 它的 他/她/它们 复数 they them their theirs 的 3.核心用法与考点（四大核心考点） (1)人称代词宾格 定义：在句子中作宾语，即动作的承受者或介词的宾语。 位置：放在及物动词或介词之后。 考点：区分主格（作主语）和宾格（作宾语）。 例1（动词后）：Please help him.(请帮助他。一him作help的宾语》 例2（介词后）：The letter is for me.(这封信是给我的。→me作for的宾语) 易错辨析：Me and Tom are fiiends.(x)→Tom and Iare fiiends.(y)(作主语应用主格I) (2)形容词性物主代词 定义：表示“.的”，后面必须紧跟一个名词，起修饰作用。 考点1：不能单独使用，不能作表语（除非省略了名词，但中学阶段视为错误）。 考点2：与冠词(aan/仙e)、指示代词(this/hat)不能同时使用。 例：This is my book.(这是我的书。my修饰book) 易错：This is a my book.(x)→This is my book.(/) 例：Is this your pen??(这是你的笔吗？) (3)名词性物主代词 定义：表示“..的（东西/人）”，作用相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。它后面 不能再加名词。 考点1：在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。 考点2：与“of连用，构成双重所有格(a fiend ofmine)o 例l（作主语)：Yours is on the desk.(你的在桌上。=Your book/pen.) 例2（作表语）：This pen is mine.(这支笔是我的。=my pen) 例3（作介词宾语）：He is a fiiend of mine.(他是我的一个朋友。) 易错辨析：This is mine book.(x)→This is my book.或This book is mine.(/) (4)物主代词的指代一致性 考点：在使用物主代词时，必须与其所指代的人称和单复数保持一致。 例：Everyone must do his/her homework../Everyone must do their homework.(每人必须做自己 的作业。) 例：The cat is washing its face.(那只猫在洗它的脸。→不能用his/her) 4.易混考点辨析（中考必考） (1)形容词性物主代词vs.名词性物主代词 对比项 形容词性物主代词(my,your,his…) 名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his.) 功能 作定语，修饰名词 作主语、宾语、表语，代替名词 名词性物主代词本身=形容词性+ 结构 形容词性物主代词+名词 名词 例句 My book is red. Mine is red.This book is mine. (2)人称代词主格s.宾格 规则：动作的发出者用主格：动作的承受者或介词的对象用宾格。 例句：I(主格)like her(宾格).She(主格)gives the book to me(宾格). (3)特殊代词his,ts his和its既是形容词性物主代词，也是名词性物主代词。 例(his):This is his bag.(形容词性)That bag is his.(名词性) 例(its):The dog found its bone..(形容词性)注意：is通常不单独用作名词性物主代词，而 是用its own或省略。 (4)its vs.it's ts:它的（物主代词） its:itis或it has的缩写 考点：这是中考语法填空和单选的高频易错点。 例：The dog lost its(它的)way home./Its(它是)raining outside.. 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度） (一)单项选择（共10题） 1.-Is this dictionary,Tom?-No,it isn't I think it's Jane's A.your,mine B.yours,my C.your,my D.yours,mine 2.My sister is a teacher. works in a middle school.The students like very much. A.She;she B.Her,her C.She;her D.Her,she 3.These books are not .They are A.ours:their B.our,theirs C.ours,theirs D.our;them 4.Could you please give a glass of water? are very thirsty. A.I;My B.me;We C.my,Our D.me;Us 5.-Is this ruler?-No,it's My ruler is blue A.your,his B.yours;his C.your,her D.yours,her 6.My dog is very cute. eyes are big and black.I often play with after school. A.Its;it B.It's,it C.Its;its D.It it 7.The girl in red is a fiiend of We often help with her English. A.mine;she B.mine;her C.my;her D.my;she 8.—Is that bike over there?-No,it's is under the tree. A.you;his;My B.your,his;Mine C.yours;him;My D.your;him;Mine 9.We must keep classroom clean and tidy.It's duty. A.ours;ours B.our,our C.our,ours D.ours;our 10.These are not parents.My parents are waiting for at the school gate. A.me;I B.my;me C.I;my D.mine;me (二)语法填空（共10题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内所给单词的适当形式。 Hello,everyone!I'd like to introduce my best friend,Lucy,to you Lucy and 1. (D are in the same class.2. (She)desk is next to 3 (I).She has a lovely cat.4. (It)name is Mimi.Lucy often shares 5. (she)lunch with me Yesterday,I forgot to bring 6. (D English book.Lucy lent 7. (she)to me.That was really kind of8. (she).I have a nice schoolbag.9. (My)is blue,but 10. (she)is pink.We are good friends and always help each other. (三)完成句子（共10题） 根据中文提示，完成句子，每空一词。 l.这件事与他无关。这事是我的。This matter has nothing to do with It's 2.我们的教室比他们的大。 classroom is bigger than 3.一这是你的钢笔吗？一不，是她的。一Is this pen?-No,it's 4.请把这些书给他们。它们是他们的。Please give these books to They are 5.这只狗在摇它的尾巴。它的主人是史密斯先生。The dog is wagging tail. master is Mr.Smith. 6.玛丽，这是你的书吗？我的在桌子上。May,is this your book? is on the desk. 7.他是我爸爸的一位老朋友。He is an old fiiend of 8.你应该自己做你的作业，而不是抄袭我的。You should do homework by yourself,not copy 9.她有一双大眼睛。她的头发是棕色的。She has big eyes. hair is brown. l0.这些不是我们的外套。我们的在衣柜里。These are not our coats. are in the wardrobe 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.C;3.C;4.B;5.A;6.A;7.B;8.B;9.C;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.I 2.Her 3.mine 4.Its 5.her 6.my 7.hers 8.her 9.Mine 10.hers 填空 (三)完成 1.him;mine 2.Our;theirs 3.your;hers 4.them;theirs 5.its;Its 6.Mine 7.my 句子 father's/my dad's his);8.your;mine 9.Her 10.Ours 语法精讲精练二 1.形容词的定义与功能 定义：形容词(Adjective)是用来修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的性质、状态、 特征或数量的词。 核心考点：形容词在句中只能作定语、表语、补语，不能单独作谓语，这是中考最 基础的易错点。 2.形容词的基本用法（四大核心考点) (1)作定语（修饰名词，中考高频） 类型 说明 示例 形容词放在名词前（绝大多 a beautiful gil（一个漂亮的女 前置定语 数情况) 孩) tall trees(高大的树) 后置定语 ①修饰不定代词 I have something important to (something/anything/nothing/e tell you.the only person awake verything等)时，形容词后置 (唯一醒着的人) ②以-able/ible结尾的形容词 修饰名词时；部分表语形容 词(alone/asleep/awake等)后 置 ★多个形容词修饰名词的顺序：限定词→描绘词→大小/长短→形状/新旧→颜色→国籍/ 材料→类别→名词 口诀：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房（美=描绘，小=大小，圆=形状，旧=新旧，黄=颜色，法 国=国籍，木=材料，书房=类别) 例：a small round red Chinese wooden table（一张红色的、小圆的、中国木制的桌子) (2)作表语（放在系动词后，中考高频） 系动词分类 常见词 be动词 am /is are/was were 感官动词 look sound smell /taste feel 变化动词 become get/turn /grow 保持动词 keep stay /remain 考点：形容词作表语时，不能直接修饰名词，而是修饰主语。 √Thef1 ower smells sweet.(这朵花闻起来很香。一一sweet作表语，修饰主语 flower) X The sweet flower is red.(此时sweet作定语，修饰f1 lower,意思不同) (3)作宾语补足语（放在宾语后，中考中档） 结构：动词+宾语+形容词，形容词补充说明宾语的状态。 常见搭配动词：keep/make/leave/find/think/feel等。 √We should keep our classroom clean.(我们应该保持教室干净。) √The news made him happy.(这个消息使他高兴。) ★考点：make/keep+宾语+形容词的固定搭配，常在语法填空和完成句子中出现。 (4)形容词的级（原级/比较级/最高级，中考核心重难点) 级 用法 结构 示例 as+形容词原级+as This book is as 表示事物本身性质， (和…一样)not 原级 interesting as that one. 无比较 asso+形容词原级+ This dress is not as as（不如…) beautiful as that one. 比较级 两者比较，表 形容词比较级+than Lily is taller than Lucy. “更…” the+比较级，he+ The more you read,the 比较级（越… wiser you are. 越…) he+形容词最高级+ This is the most 名词+范围 三者及以上比较，表 beautiful city in China. 最高级 (in/of...)one of the He is one of the “最…” +形容词最高级+ hardest-working 复数名词 students. ★比较级特殊变形：good/well→better;bad/badly→worse;many/much→more ★最高级特殊变形：far→farthest/furthest ★考点：最高级前加the(副词最高级可省略)；范围介词in(地点)vsof(群体) 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） (①)形容词vs副词 词类 修饰对象 示例 名词/代词 He is a careful boy.(careful 形容词 饰boy） He does his homework 副词 动词/形容词/副词/整个句子 carefully.(carefully修饰 does) ★考点：词性转换(care→careful→carefully),语法填空高频。 (2)以-y结尾的形容词 部分以-ly结尾的词是形容词，而非副词！常见词：friendly,.lovely,lonely,lively,daily 例：She is a friendly girl..(正确) ★易错：friendly的比较级是friendlier,最高级是friendliest 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-What do you think of the movie?-It's than the last one.I want to watch it again A.interesting B.more interesting C.most interesting D.the most interesting 2.There is in today's newspaper.Let's watch TV instead. A.important nothing B.nothing important C.important anything D.anything important 3.The little girl looked when she heard the good news. A.happily B.happy C.happiness D.happier 4.-Which is the blue shirt or the red one? A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.most beautiful D.the most beautiful 5.We should keep in the reading room A.quietly B.quiet C.quietly D.quietness 6.This is useful book I have ever read.I learned a lot from it. A.a B.an C.the most D.most 7.The we prepare,the we will feel in the exam. A.more;more confident B.much;confident C.most;most confident D.many;confident 8.-Is this book ?-Yes,it's my favorite.I like it very much A.yours B.your C.you D.yourself 9.She is a girl.She always talks to others with a smile A.friendlier B.friendly C.friendliest D.friends 10.This kind of flower smells Ilove it. A.well B.good C.nicely D.sweetly (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 My best friend is Lily.She is a 1. (love)girl with big eyes.She is not only 2. (help)but also hard-working.Every morning,she gets up 3. (early)than me to read English.She always gets good grades because she studies 4. (careful). Last week,we had a school trip to the countryside.The scenery there was 5. (beautiful)than I expected.We picked fresh fruits and fed small animals.Lily was 6. (excite)than any other student.She took many photos and told me that she wanted to visit there again On the way back,I felt a little tired.Lily noticed it and shared her water with me.She is really a7. (care)friend.I think she is one of the 8.(popular)students in our class. Do you want to make friends with a girl like her?If you do,you will have a 9. (wonder)time.She is always ready to help others and never says a bad word about anyone. She is truly a 10. (value)friend. (三)完成句子 1.这本书和那本书一样有趣。 This book is that one. 2.他是我们班最勤奋的学生之一。 Heis students in our class. 3.请保持教室干净整洁。 Please the classroom 4.这件衣服不如那件漂亮。 This dress is that one 5.你越努力，就会越优秀。 you work, you will be. 6.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。 Ihave to tell you. 7这种花闻起来很香。 This kind of flower 8她是一个友好的女孩，我们都喜欢和她相处。 She is a girl.We all like with her 9这是我看过的最感人的电影。 This is the movie I have ever seen. 10.他的爸爸看起来很年轻，其实他已经四十多岁了。 His father looks but he is in his forties. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B氵3.B;4.B;5.B;6.C;7.A;8.A;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.lovely 2.helpful 3.earlier 4.carefully 5.more beautiful 6.more excited 填空 7.caring ;8.most popular 9.wonderful 10.valuable 1.as interesting as 2.one of the most hard-working 3.keep;clean and tidy 4.not (三)完成 句子 as/so beautiful as 5.The harder;the better 6.something important 7.smells sweet 8.fiiendly,to get on/along ,9.most moving 10.very young