Unit 4 The Earth-2026-2027学年七年级英语上册语法专项（沪教版）

U4 The Earth 语法专项 章 语法概览 ☆there be句型 语法精讲精练— 1.定义与基本结构 定义 表示“某处存在某物/某人”，强调存在，而非拥有。 结构 There be+名词（主语)+地点/时间状语。 There is a book on the desk.桌上有一本书。There are some students in the 示例 classroom.教室里有一些学生。 2.核心考点一：be动词的选择（就近原则） 情况 适用规则 示例 主语为单数/ be用is/was There is some milk in the glass. 不可数名词 主语为可数 be用are/were There are two cats under the tree. 名词复数 There is a pen and some books on the 主语为并列 desk.(最近名词是apen)There are 名词（多 be与最近的名词一致（就近原则) 个) some books and a pen on the desk. 近名词是some books) 3.核心考点二：时态变化 时态 结构 示例 般现在时 There is/are+名词+地点 There is a library in our school. There was a small village here ten years 般过去时 There was/were+名词+地点 ago. There will be+名词+地点There is/are There will be a meeting tomorrow.There 一般将来时 going to be+名词+地点 is going to be a football match next week 现在完成时 There have/has been+名词+地点 There has been a lot of rain this month 4.核心考点三：否定句与疑问句 句式 变化规则 示例 There isn't any water in the bottle.There 否定句 be动词后加not,或使用no is no water in the bottle. Is there any water in the bottle?Are there 般疑问句 be动词提到句首 any students in the room? How many students are there in your 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+there+地点/时间 class?What is there on the table? 5.核心考点四：there be与have/has的区别 项目 there be have/has 含义 存在，某处有 拥有，某人有 主语 地点（通常作状语） 人/物（主语拥有） There is a dog in the yard. (院子里有 示例 I have a dog.(我有-只狗) 狗)V ☐The desk has a book.(错误) ☐There has a book. (错误)√Ihave 易错 There is a book on the desk. a book 6.核心考点五：there be+名词+非谓语动词 结构 用法 示例 there be+名 There is a boy singing in the room. 表示主动/正在进行 词+doing 个男孩正在唱歌) there be+名 There are some windows broken.(有些 表示被动/已完成 词+done 窗户破了) 结构 用法 示例 there be+名 There is nothing to worry about..(没什 表示将来/未发生 词+todo 么可担心的) 7.核心考点六：反意疑问句（中考常考） 规则：陈述部分为there be句型，附加疑问部分用be there(be动词对应时态)。 There is a book on the desk,isn't there? There aren't any students in the hall,are there? There will be a test next week,won't there? 8.易混辨析：there be与itbe 项目 there be it be 功能 表示“存在” 表示“时间、距离、天气”或强调 示例 It is 8 o'clock now.It is a long way to the There is a big tree in front of the house. station. 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，8-10题/大题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1.There a pencil and two rulers on the desk. A.is B.are C.have D.has 2. there any milk in the bottle? A.Is B.Are C.Has D.Have 3.There a class meeting tomorrow afternoon A.is going to have B.will have C.is going to be D.are going to be 4.There many changes in my hometown in the past few years. A.has been B.have been C.is D.are 5.—How many students in your class?-Forty-five. A.is there B.are there C.there is D.there are 6.There is a boy basketball on the playground A.play B.plays C.playing D.to play 7.There isn't water in the glass.Please give me some. A.some B.any C.many D.a 8.-There is a new movie on show, A.is it B.isn't it C.is there D.isn't there 9.There a lot of rain in this area last summer. A.is B.was C.are D.were 10.Look!There a group of students in the park. A.is;running B.are;running C.is;run D.are;run (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入所给词的正确形式，或根据上下文填写合适的词。 My school is very beautiful.There 1. (be)a big library in it.There 2 (be)also two computer rooms.Every day,there 3. (be)many students reading in the library.Next week,there 4. (be)a book sale in the school hall. Last week,there 5. (be)a sports meeting on the playground.There 6. (be)many exciting games.The students were very happy.There 7. (be)also some parents watching the games. In my opinion,there 8. (be)nothing more important than health.So there 9. (be) always a lot ofexercise for us after class.There 10. (be)a running competition every month.I like my school very much. (三)完成句子 1.桌子上有一些书。Thee on the desk. 2.瓶子里没有水了。Thee water in the bottle 3.我们学校附近有一家新超市吗？ a new supermarket near our school? 4.明天有一场英语演讲比赛。Thee an English speech contest tomorrow. 5你的班级里有多少个男生？ are there in your class? 6.树下有一个女孩在看书。There a girl under the tree. 7.我们班有几个学生来自上海。Thee several students from Shanghai in our class. 8.这座桥已经存在了五百年。There a bridge for five hundred years. 9.去年这个村庄里有一所小学。There a primary school in the village last year. 10.没有什么是不可能的。Thee impossible. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.A;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.C;7.B;8.D;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.is 2.are 3.are 4.will be is going to be 5.was 6.were 7.were 8.is 9.is 填空 10.is (三)完成 1.are some books 2.is no isn't any 3.Is there 4.will be/is going to be 5.How 句子 many boys 6.is;reading 7.are 8.has been ;9.was 10.is nothing 语法精讲精练二 1.形容词的定义与功能 定义：形容词（Adjective)用于修饰名词或代词，说明事物的性质、状态、特征或数量。 核心考点：形容词在句中只能作定语、表语、宾语补足语，不能单独作谓语，这是中考最 基础的易错点。 2.形容词的四大核心用法 用法 说明 示例 中考考点提示 多个形容词顺序：美 修饰名词，通常放在 a warm day new ①作定语 小圆旧黄，法国木书 名词前（前置定语） books 房 注意系动词包括 放在系动词后，说明 He looks tired The ②作表语 主语的状态 be、感官动词、变 food tastes delicious 化/保持动词 We made the room 常搭配 放在宾语后，补充说 ③作宾语补足语 clean I find the story make/keep/leave/find/t 明宾语的状态 interesting hink as tall as faster 比较级前不加he; 原级、比较级、最高 ④形容词的级 than the most 最高级前加he;特 级 beautiful 殊变形 (1) 作定语（中考高频） 前置定语（最常用） √单个形容词：a happy smile;cool weather √多个形容词顺序：限定词(ahe/my)→描绘(beautiful)→大小(big)→形状 (round)→新l旧(old)→颜色(white)→国籍(Chinese)→材料(wooden)类别 (desk) 口诀：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房（美=描绘，小=大小，圆=形状，旧=新旧，黄=颜色，法 国=国籍，木=材料，书房=类别) 例：a small round old white Chinese wooden table（一张小巧、圆形、老I旧、白色、中国木 制的桌子) 后置定语（特殊情况） ①修饰不定代词(something/anything/nothing/everything等)时，形容词必须后置 例：I have nothing new to say. ②以-able/-ible结尾的形容词修饰名词时可后置；表语形容词(alone,asleep,awake 等)后置 例：the only person awake(唯一醒着的人) (2)作表语（中考高频） 系动词类型： √be动词（am/is/are/was/were) √感官动词(1ook,sound,smell,taste,feel) √变化动词(become,.get,tu,gIow) √保持动词(keep,stay,remain) 易错点：形容词作表语时不能直接修饰名词，而是说明主语的状态 例：The flower smells sweet.(不能说smell sweetly) 比较：The sweet flower is red.(sweet作定语修饰flower) (3)作宾语补足语（中考中档） 结构：动词+宾语+形容词 常见动词：keep,make,leave,,find,think,feel,believe等 例：We should keep our classroom clean 考点：make/keep+宾语+形容词为固定搭配，常出现在语法填空和完成句子中 (4)形容词的级（中考核心重难点） 级 结构 示例 注意点 as+原级+as（一 否定用not as/so+原 原级 Tom is as tall as Mike 样…) 级+as This book is more 特殊变形： interesting than that 比较级+han;he+ good→better; 比较级 one.The harder you 比较级，he+比较级 bad→vorse; work,the luckier you 1many→more will be. the+最高级+名词 Shanghai is the largest 范围介词：n+地 city in China.She is 最高级 +范围；one of the+ 点，of+群体；最高 one of the most 最高级+复数名词 级前一般有he popular singers. 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） 易混点 区别 正确示例 错误示例 形容词修饰名词/代 She is a careful driver. 误用：She drives 形容词vs副词 词：副词修饰动词/ (形)→She drives careful. 形容词/其他副词 carefully.(副) 错误比较级：nore 并非所有-y结尾的 fiiendly正确，但 都是副词：常见： a friendly smile y结尾的形容词 fiiendly的比较级为 fiiendly,lovely,lonely, lovely weather fiiendlier(也可用 lively,daily more fiiendly) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-What do you think of the film?-It's than the last one.I really enjoy it. A.interesting B.more interesting C.most interesting D.the most interesting 2.The soup tastes I want more. A.well B.good C.badly D.nicely 3.There is in today's meeting.You don't have to attend. A.important nothing B.nothing important C.important anything D.anything important 4.-Which is the blue dress or the red one? A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.most beautiful D.the most beautiful 5.Please keep the window It's too hot outside A.open B.opened C.opening D.to open 6.This is exciting story I have ever read.I couldn't stop turning the pages A.a B.an C.the most D.most 7. you eat, you will be. A.The more;the fatter B.More;fatter C.The most;the fattest D.Much;fat 8.-Is this dictionary ?-Yes,it's mine.Thank you for finding it. A.yours B.your C.you D.yourself 9.She looks than she really is. A.young B.younger C.youngest D.the youngest 10.My mother bought me a doll A.beautiful small round old Chinese B.Chinese old small round beautiful C.old small round beautiful Chinese D.small round old beautiful Chinese (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 My cousin Jack is a 1. (love)boy.He is 2. (friend)to everyone.Every morning he gets up 3. (early)than his sister.He studies very 4. (careful) and always gets good grades Last Sunday we went to the beach.The weather was 5. (sun)than we thought.We built sandcastles and played in the water.Jack was 6. (excite)than any other kid. He found a 7. (color)shell and gave it to me. Jack is also a 8. (help)person.When I feel sad,he always tells me 9. (funny)jokes to cheer me up.I think he is one of the 10. (good)friends I have. (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.这部电影和那部一样有趣。 This movie is that one. 2.他是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。 Heis the teachers in our school. 3.请保持教室整洁。 Please the classroom 4.这件外套不如那件暖和。 This coat is that one 5.你读得越多，懂得就越多。 you read, you will know. 6.我有 些重要的事情要告诉你。 I have to tell you. 7.这些花闻起来很甜。 These flowers 8.他是一个友好的男孩，我们都喜欢和他玩。 He is a boy.We all like with him. 9这是我听过的最好笑的歌曲。 This is the song I have ever heard. 10.他的爷爷看起来很年轻，但其实已经七十岁了。 His grandpa looks but he is seventy years old 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.C;7.A;8.A;9.B;10.A 选择 (二)语法 1.lovely 2.fiiendly ;3.earlier 4.carefully 5.sunnier 6.more excited 填空 7.colorful/colourful ;8.helpful 9.funny 10.best (三)完成 1.as interesting as 2.one of most popular 3.keep;tidy /clean 4.not as/so warm 句子 as 5.The more;the more 6.something important 7.smell sweet ;8.fiendly,to play ;9.funniest/most funny 10.very young