Unit 2 Safety-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（北师大版）

Unit 2 Safety 语法专项 语法概览 ★情态动词must/mustn't,have to/don't have to,should/shouldn't ★不定代词的用法 语法精讲精练一 1.情态动词的定义与特点 定义：情态动词(Modal Verbs)表示说话人的语气、态度或对事情的判断（如必须、应 该、不得不)，本身有一定词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。 核心考点：情态动词后必须跟动词原形；变否定句时在情态动词后加ot 2.三大情态动词核心用法对比表 情态动词 用法含义 肯定句/否定句 例句 中考易错点 We must finish ★mustn't表示 必须（主观义务、 must +v.mustn't homework on time. must “禁止”，不是 强烈要求) +v.（禁止) You mustn't swim “不必”。 alone here I have to get up ★have to有人称 have to has to v. early tomorrow. 和时态变化(has 不得不（客观需 don't have to have to You don't have to to/had to);★ 要、外界迫使) doesn't have to +v. wear a uniform at don't have to (不必) home needn't(不必)。 should 应该（建议、义 should v. You should drink ★should语气比 务、情理上应当) shouldn't+v.(不 more water.You must弱，表示建 应该) shouldn't stay up 议；★shouldn't too late. 表示“不应该”， 比mustn't弱。 3.重点辨析：must vs..have to(中考必考) 区分类别 must have to 出发点 主观认为必要（说话人的意志） 客观情况迫使（外界规则、时间等） don't have to=不必（可以做，也可以 否定形式 mustn't=禁止（绝对不能做） 不做) 有时态变化：had to(过去时)、will 时态变化 无时态变化（只有现在时） have to(将来时) I had to take a bus because I missed the I must go now.（我认为我必须走 train.（客观原因。)You don't have 例句对比 了。）You mustn't tell anyone.（你绝 to go if you don't want to.(你不必 对不能告诉任何人。) 去。) 4.核心句型与高频考点 ①“必须”的疑问与回答：Must I/you..? 肯定回答：Yes,you must. 否定回答：No,you needn't./No,you don't have to. ②“应该”的疑问：Should I/you..? 肯定回答：Yes,you should, 否定回答：No,you shouldn't ③must表推测（仅限肯定句）：must be表示“一定是”，否定推测用cam'tbe(不可能是)。 例：She must be a teacher..（她一定是个老师。)/That can't be true.（那不可能是真的。) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，8-10题/大题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1.You eat too much candy before bedtime.It's bad for your teeth. A.must B.mustn't C.have to D.should 2.-Must I finish the report today?-No,you You can do it tomorrow. A.mustn't B.needn't C.can't D.shouldn't 3.We wear a helmet when riding a bike in the city.It's a new rule. A.must B.mustn't C.don't have to D.should 4.You be tired after such a long walk.Sit down and have a rest. A.can't B.must C.shouldn't D.needn't 5.Tom go to the dentist yesterday because his tooth hurt badly. A.must B.has to C.had to D.should 6.You take a gift when you visit a friend's home in China,but it's polite. A.must B.mustn't C.don't have to D.shouldn't 7.Look at the sign.It says "No parking".You park your car here A.must B.needn't C.mustn't D.have to 8.Young people learn to take care of themselves from an early age. A.must B.have to C.should D.needn't 9. I hand in my homework tomorrow,Miss Li?-No,you needn't.You can hand it in next Monday A.Must B.Have to C.Should D.Need 10.The school rules say we run in the hallway.It's dangerous. A.must B.mustn't C.have to D.needn't (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（情态动词或动词原形），使短文通顺、完整。 Dear Tina, You know I'm not good at English.I really want to improve it,but I don't know what to do.My classmates say I 1._ (should)practice speaking more.But I feel shy.I think I 2. (must) stop being shy if I want to get better. Could you give me some advice?I know I 3. (have to)work hard,but sometimes I don't want to.My parents tell me I 4. (mustn't)give up.They say I 5. (should)do a little bit every day Yesterday,my teacher said,"You 6. (have to)read English aloud every moming.You 7. (should)also write a diary in English."But I think I 8. (must)make a plan first. What do you think?9. (Should)I ask my classmates for help?I 10. (must)find a better way soon. Please write to me soon. Yours, Li Ming (三)完成句子 1.你必须遵守交通规则，不能闯红灯。You the traffic rules.You through the red light. 2.我们不应该在图书馆大声说话。We loudly in the library. 3.她不得不每天早起因为校车很早就来了。She up early because the school bus comes very early. 4.你今天不必完成所有作业，可以明天再做。You all the homework today.You can do it tomorrow. 5.你看起来不舒服，应该去看医生。You look ill.You a doctor. 6.我们必须保护环境，为未来着想。We the environment and think about the future. 7.这个标志告诉我们：禁止在此处停车。This sign tells us:We here 8.你以为你是谁？你不应该在公共场合那样做。Who do you think you are?You like that in public 音 语法精讲精练二 1.不定代词的定义与功能 定义：不定代词(Indefinite Pronoun)是用来指代不特定的人或事物的代词，它们 不指明具体是哪个人或哪个物。 核心功能：在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。常见的不定代词分为三类：普通不定代 词(some,any,no,evey等)、复合不定代词(someone,.anybody,nothing等)、数量 不定代词(many,much,few,little等)。 2.不定代词的四大核心考点 (1)复合不定代词的构成与区别（中考高频） 指人 指物 类别 含义 (some/any/no/every (some/any/no/every body/one) thing) 一些/某个（常用 somebody /someone something某物/某 some 于肯定句) 某人 事 一些/任何（常用 anybody/anyone任 anything任何事/任 any 于否定/疑问句) 何人 何东西 没有/无（表否 nobody/no one没有 nothing没有什么/ no 定) 人 没有东西 everybody /everyone everything一切/所 every 每一个/一切的 每个人 有事情 考点辨析： some系列：常用于肯定句。在疑问句中，如果希望得到对方肯定回答（如提出建 议、请求等)时，也用somee 例：Would you like something to drink? any系列：常用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，表示“任何”，语气较强。 例：You can choose anything you like on the menu. no系列：本身表否定，构成否定句。注意和“not.…any”互换。 I have nothing to say.=I don't have anything to say. (②)形容词修饰不定代词：必须后置（中考必考） 核心规则：当形容词（如important,.new,wrong,interesting等)修饰复合不定代词 时，形容词必须放在被修饰词之后。 例： I have something important to tell you..(我有些重要的事情要告诉你。) There is nothing new in today's newspaper..(今天的报纸上没什么新鲜事。) Is there anything special about this book?(这本书有什么特别之处吗？) (3)易混不定代词辨析（中考压轴） 辨析组 用法区别 例句 few（几乎没有，表否定)+ He has few fiiends here. few /a few 可数名词复数 在这儿几乎没有朋友。) afew(有几个，表肯定)+ He has a few fiiends here. 可数名词复数 在这儿有几个朋友。) itle（几乎没有，表否定) There is little water in the bottle. little/a little +不可数名词 (瓶子里几乎没有水了。) a little(有一点，表肯定)+ There is a little water in the 不可数名词 bottle..(瓶子里有一点水。) many (许多)+可数名词 Many students like to play many /much 复数 basketball. mmch(许多)+不可数名 词 I don't have much money. ot山er(其他的)+名词复数 other/the other /another I have other books to read. /泛指 the other(两者中的另一个) He has two brothers.One is a +名词单数 teacher.the other is a doctor. another (三者以上的另一 This coat doesn't fit me.Please 个)+名词单数 show me another one. (④)不定代词作主语时的主谓一致（中考易错） 核心规则：由evey,some,any,no构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形 式。 例： Everybody is here today..（今天所有人都在这儿。) Nothing is impossible if you try your best.(如果你尽力，没什么是不可能的。) Is there anything wrong with the machine?(这台机器有什么问题吗？) 3.易混考点辨析 some vs.any:主要看句型和语气（肯定/否定/请求）。 every vs.each:evey强调整体（全体），each强调个体（每一个）。 例：Every student in the class has a uniform.(全班每个学生都有校服。) 例：The teacher gave each of them a book.(老师给了他们每人一本书。) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.Would you like to eat?I can cook something for you. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 2.There is in the room.All the students are on the playground. A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody 3.-Is there in today's homework? A.something difficult B.difficult something C.anything difficult D.difficult anything 4.I'm hungry.Could you give me to eat? A.something delicious B.delicious something C.anything delicious D.delicious anything 5.He is new here,so he has friends.He often feels lonely. A.few B.a few C.little D.a little 6.I have questions to ask you.Can you spare some time? A.few B.a few C.little D.a little 7.There are two books on the desk.One is mine,and is my sister's. A.other B.the other C.another D.others 8.I don't like this color.Could you show me one? A.other B.the other C.another D.many 9. is watching TV now.Please turn it off and go to bed. A.Everybody B.Nobody C.Somebody D.Anybody 10.—Is ready for the party? A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 My name is Li Hua.I have a good friend named Wang Lei.We share 1. (我们的 些) secrets This morning,2. (someone /anyone)knocked at the door.It was my cousin.She asked if we had 3. (something/anything)interesting to do.We decided to go to the library.Before leaving,I found 4. (nothing /anything)important in my schoolbag.It was my Student ID card! When we arrived at the library,there were 5. (few/a few)people.We found 6. (other/another)two books on history.Wang Lei said,"7. (Everyone/No one)should know his own country's history." But soon,I realized we had 8. (little/a little)time left because the library would close at 5 p.m.So we borrowed the books and left.On the way home,we saw 9. (something anything)strange in the sky.It was a beautiful kite! Today was a fun day.I learned that 10. (everything /nothing)is more important than good friends. (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.你想喝点什么吗？ Would you like 2.关于这个计划，没有什么特别的地方。 There is about this plan. 3.教室里有学生在打扫卫生吗？ Is in the classroom cleaning? 4.他有许多朋友，所以他从不会感到孤单。 He has friends,so he never feels lonely. 5别着急，我们还有一点时间。 Don't worry.We still have time. 6我有另一个解决问题的办法。 I have way to solve the problem. 7.在这家新餐馆里，每个人都很开心。 happy in this new restaurant. 8.那双鞋不适合你，试试另一双吧。 This pair of shoes doesn't fit you.Try 9瓶子里几乎没有水了，我们去买一瓶吧。 There is water in the bottle.Let's go and buy a bottle 10.你需要其他什么东西吗？（用于商店购物) Do you need 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.C;3.C;4.A;5.A;6.B;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.D 选择 (二)语法 1.some of our 2.someone 3.anything 4.nothing 5.few 6.another; 填空 7.Everyone ;8.little 9.something 10.nothing 1.something to drink 2.nothing special 3.there anyone 4.many a lot of 5.a (三)完成 句子 little /a bit of 6.another 7.Everyone is 8.another pair 9.little 10.anything else