Unit 4 Role Models-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（北师大版）

Unit 4 Role Models 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★反身代词的用法 ☆动词+-ing形式、used to结构 语法精讲精练一 1.反身代词的定义与形式 定义：反身代词(Reflexive Pronoun)表示“自己”、“本身”，强调动作回到主语自 身。 核心考点：其形式由“人称代词所有格/宾格+self/selves'构成，必须与主语的人称和数 保持一致。 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself(我自己) ourselves(我们自己) 第二人称 yourself(你自己) yourselves(你们自己) himself(他自己) herself(她自己) 第三人称 themselves(他们/她们/它们自己) itself（它自己) ★注意：反身代词没有所有格形式（如不能说“my myself)。 2.反身代词的四大核心用法 (1)作宾语（中考高频） 动词+反身代词：常见动词有enjoy,teach,hurt dres,introduce,.express,hep,look after等。 例：She taught herself English.（她自学英语。) 例：Be careful!Don't hurt yourself..(小心！别伤到自己。) 介词+反身代词：常见介词by,for to,of between等。 例：HIe did it all by himself.(他完全独自做了这件事。→by oneself=alone) 例：It's not polite to talk to yourself in public.(在公共场合自言自语不礼貌。) 考点：enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、by oneself(独自)、help oneselfto(随便吃/用)是中 考固定搭配必考点。 (2)作同位语（强调作用） 反身代词可以放在名词或代词之后（或句末），用来强调“亲自、本身”，此时可省略而不影 响句子结构。 例：I myself will go to the meeting.(我亲自去开会。) 例：The house itself is not very big,but the garden is beautiful.(房子本身不大，但花园很 美。) 考点：反身代词作同位语时，不能放在主语之前（如不能说Mys®elfIwillgo.这是错误句 子)。 (3)作表语（较少，但需判断） 反身代词偶尔放在系动词后，表示“身体/精神状态正常”，多用于固定短语。 例：He is not himself today.(他今天状态不好。/他今天身体不适。) 例：After a few minutes,she came to herself.（几分钟后，她恢复了意识。) (4)某些动词后习惯用反身代词（固定搭配） 以下动词常与反身代词连用，动词本身已包含“自己”含义，不能省略反身代词： 动词搭配 含义 例句 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 He is too young to dress himself. wash oneself 自己洗澡/洗漱 The baby can wash himself now. express 表达自己 She can express herself clearly in English. oneself introduce 自我介绍 Let me introduce myself. oneself devote 致力于 He devotes himself to science. oneself to ★注意：wash,dress,shave等动词有时可以省略反身代词（如“He dresses well.”表示“他 穿得好”，此时dress为不及物动词，含义不同)。 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） 句子 解释 I hurt me. (错误) 主语和宾语指向同一人时，必须用反身代词，不能用宾格。 I hurt myself. (正确) 正确用法。 She saw her in the mirror. （正 “她看见了镜子中的她（另一个人）”，不是自己。 确，但意义不同) She saw herself in the mirror “她看见了镜子中的自己”。 (正确) 考点提示： 【口诀】动作回到主语身，反身代词不能省；若用宾格表他人，意思完全变不 同。 考点提示：②反身代词不能单独作主语：错误：Myself went to the park.（×);正确：I myself went to the park.（/）或I went to the park by myself. 考点提示：③反身代词与主语一致性：反身代词必须与句中主语的人称、数一致。例： Everyone should leam to protect themselves himself or herself. 二、 专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，8-10题/大题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1.My sister can dress now.She is only five years old. A.she B.her C.herself D.hers 2.Help to some fish,children.It's fresh. A.yourself B.yourselves C.you D.your 3.The children enjoyed at the party last night. A.they B.them C.themselves D.theirs 4.-Who taught Li Ming to play the piano?-He taught A.him B.his C.himself D.he 5.Be careful with the knife,or you will hurt A.you B.yourselves C.yourself D.yours 6.The book is very interesting,but it's a little expensive A.itself B.himself C.myself D.yourself 7.We should leamn to protect when we are in danger. A.we B.us C.ourselves D.our 8.I think I can look after well.Don't wory about me. A.me B.my C.myself D.mine 9.The little girl couldn't express clearly in English. A.she B.herself C.her D.hers 10.My mother said to "I must get up earlier tomorrow." A.herself B.her C.she D.hers (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 Last Sunday,Tom got up late.He didn't have time to wash 1. (he).He just put on his school uniform and ran to the bus stop.On the bus,he saw an old woman standing near him.She looked very tired.Tom said to 2.(he),"I should give my seat to her."He stood up and said to the woman, "Please sit here."The woman thanked him. After school,Tom went to the library.He wanted to find some books to improve 3. (he) English.He was lost in reading and didn't notice the time.Suddenly he looked at the clock and found it was 6:30 p.m.He told 4.(he),"I must go home now,or my parents will wony." At home,his mother said,"You looked pale.Are you feeling all right?"Tom replied,"Yes,but I'm a little tired."He didn't want to let his parents wory.He said to 5. (he),"Ill go to bed early tonight." The next day,Tom did better.He got up early and made 6. (he)a healthy breakfast.He worked hard at school and helped his classmates with their math problems.Everyone enjoyed 7. (hey） during the class activities. Tom is learning to take care of 8. (he)and help others.He thinks it's important to push 9. (he)to do better every day.After all,we not only grow up physically but also have to improve 10. (we)mentally. (三)完成句子 1.请随便吃些水果，孩子们。Please some fruit,children. 2.他独自完成了这项任务。He finished the task 3.我们在海边玩得很开心。We at the seaside. 4.那个婴儿太小，还不会给自己穿衣服。The baby is too young to dress 5.她自学了如何做蛋糕。She how to make a cake. 6.我在镜子中看到了我自己。Isaw in the muror. 7.他们应该学会保护自己免受危险。They should leam to protect from danger. 8.你最好亲自去问老师。You'd better ask the teacher 9.他在山顶上对自己说：“我成功了！”He said to on the top of the mountain,"I made it! l0.我们相信我们能处理好这件事。We believe we can deal with it by 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C2.B;3.C;4.C;5.C;6.A;7.C;8.C;9.B;10.A 选择 （二)语法 1.himself 2.himself 3.himself 4.himself 5.himself 6.himself 7.themselves 填空 8.himself 9.himself;10.ourselves (三)完成 1.help yourselves to 2.by himself 3.enjoyed ourselves 4.himself 5.taught 句子 herself 6.myself 7.themselves 8.yourself 9.himself 10.ourselves 语法精讲精练二 1.动词+-g形式（动名词/现在分词，初中核心用法） (1)动词+-山g形式作宾语（及物动词后，中考高频） 常见动词 示例 考点说明 enjoy,finish,practice,mind, I enjoy reading books./You 其后只能用ig形式作宾 keep,suggest,avoid,consider, should practice speaking 语，不能用to doo imagine,miss,give up,put off English. 固定搭配：feel like,be busy, I feel like going for a walk. be worth,have fun,spend 常考语法填空、完成句子。 time/money doing This book is worth reading (2)动词+-血g形式与不定式的区别（易混考点） +-i血g(常表“已完成/习惯/ +todo(常表“未完成/目 动词 经历”) 的/将来”) I remember locking the door. Remember to lock the door. remember (我记得锁过门) (记得去锁门) I forgot telling you the news. Don't forget to tell him.(别忘 forget (我忘了告诉过你) 了告诉他) Stop smoking,please. (请停止 Stop to have a rest.(停下来去 stop 吸烟) 休息) Try doing more exercise. (试 Try to finish it on time.(努力 try 着多做运动) 按时完成) (3)动词+-ing形式作主语（中考中档） 结构：-ing形式放在句首，谓语用单数。 例：Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.(在阳光下看书对眼睛不好。) ★考点：语法填空常考谓语动词用三单形式。 (4)动词+-ig形式作定语（表示用途或正在进行） 表示用途：a swimming pool(游泳池)=a pool for swimming 表示正在进行：a running boy（一个正在跑步的男孩) ★考点：区别-ing与-ed定语(a boring movie vs.a bored audience)。 (5)动词+-i山g形式作表语（说明主语特征） 例：My hobby is collecting stamps..(我的爱好是集邮。) ★考点：主语也是-ing时，表语常用-ing保持一致结构。 1.used to结构（中考核心重难点) (I)used to的含义与用法 结构 含义 示例 I used to get up late,but now I 过去常常做某事（现在不再 used to+动词原形 get up early.(我过去常晚 做) 起，但现在早起。) didn't use to+动词原形或 否定形式 He didn't use to like sports. used not to+动词原形 过去不喜欢运动。) Did+主语+use to+动词原 Did you use to live here? 疑问形式 形？ 过去住这里吗？) (2) used to与be used to doing的辨析（中考高频易混点） 结构 含义 示例 过去常常做…（现在不做 She used to be shy.(她过去很 used to do 了) 害羞。) 习惯于做…（可以用于任 be used to doing He is used to getting up early. 何时态) (他习惯早起。) be used to do 被用来做…（被动语态) Wood is used to make paper. (木头被用来造纸。) (3)used to与would的区别 used to:强调“过去反复的/有规律的”行为或状态，可与状态动词连用。 例：There used to be a tree here.(这里过去有棵树。) would:只强调“过去重复的动作”，不能用于状态。 例：Every weekend,we would go fishing.(每个周末，我们都会去钓鱼。) ★考点：used to可指状态，would不能两者不能混用。 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.My mother enjoys TV after dinner. A.watch B.to watch C.watching D.watched 2.-Do you remember me before? A.meet B.to meet C.meeting D.met 3.He used to in the countryside,but now he lives in the city. A.live B.living C.lived D.lives 4.The students are busy for the coming exam. A.prepare B.to prepare C.preparing D.prepared 5.-Did your father use to to work by bike? A.go B.going C.went D.goes 6.,I'm used to up early every morning A.get B.getting C.got D.gets 7.We should avoid the same mistakes again. A.make B.making C.to make D.made 8.Mike finished his homework just now. A.do B.doing C.does D.did 9.There used to a small park near my house. A.have B.has C.be D.is 10.Please remember the door when you leave. A.close B.closing C.to close D.closed (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 Tom is my best friend.He used to 1. (be)very shy and quiet.But now he has changed a lot.He enjoys 2 (talk)with others and makes many friends Last summer,he spent a month 3.(learn)how to swim.At first,he was afraid of 4. (fall)into the water.But he never gave up 5. (try).After practice,he could swim very well.He was so proud of 6. (he). Now Tomis used to 7.(get)up early and doing morning exercises.He says it makes him feel energetic.I often see him 8. (run)in the park in the morning. Do you remember 9. (meet)him at the party last month?He is friendly and kind.I hope we can keep 10. (be)good friends forever. (三)完成句子（共10题) 1.我过去常常走路去上学，但现在我骑自行车。 to school,but now I ride a bike. 2.请记得明天把书还给我。 Please remember the book to me tomorrow. 3.他己经习惯了在晚上散步。 He is used to in the evening 4.你介意关一下窗户吗？ Would you mind the window? 5.我小时候喜欢画画。 drawing when I was young. 6这台机器被用来切割木头。 This machine cut wood. 7.他花了一个小时做作业。 He spent an hour homework 8.你过去住在北京吗？ you live in Beijing? 9她建议我们早点出发。 She suggested early. 10.我永远不会忘记第一次见到她时的情景。 I'll never forget her for the first time 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.C;3.A;4.C;5.A;6.B;7.B;8.B;9.C;10.C 选择 (二)语法1.be;2.talking;3.learning;4.falling;5.tyng;6.himself;7.getting；