Unit 5 Travel-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（北师大版）

Unit 5 Travel 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★现在完成时的基础用法 ★现在完成时与过去动作的关联表达 语法精讲精练一 1.定义与结构 项目 内容 定义 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果，或从过去持续到现在的动 作或状态。 基本结构 主语+have/has+过去分词 否定 主语+have/has+not+过去分词 疑问 Have/Has+主语+过去分词？ 规则变化：动词原形+-ed(如worked,.played)不规则变化：需单独记忆（如 过去分词 go-→gone,eat→eaten) 易错提醒：have/has的选择取决于主语人称(Iyou/we/they→have;he/she/it→has)。 2.三大核心用法（中考高频考点） (1)已完成影响 动作发生在过去，但强调对现在的影响或结果。常与already,.yet,just,ever,never等连用。 时间状语 位置 例句 already 肯定句，放在have/has之后 I have already finished my homework. Have you seen the movie yet?/I haven't yet 否定句/疑问句句末 finished it yet. just have/has之后 She has just left. ever 疑问句中have/has之后 Have you ever been to Beijing? never 否定含义，have/has之后 He has never traveled abroad. (2)经历 表示“某人曾经做过某事”，不强调具体时间。常见于ever/never或次数(once,twice,.three times..) 例： I have visited the Great Wall twice. Have you ever eaten sushi? She has never seen such a beautiful sunset. (3)持续（延续性动作/状态） 表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在，常与for+时间段或ce+时间点/从句连用。 结构 含义 例句 for+一段时 持续多久 He has lived here for ten years. 间 since+时间 自从… She has worked since 2015. 点 since+从句 (一般过去 自从…以来 I have known him since we were kids. 时) 易错点：瞬间动词（如come,go,leave,,buy,die)不能与for/since连用表示持续，需转换 为延续性动词（如bei,be away,have,be dead.…)。 /正确：He has been away for two hours.（而非has left for two hours) √正确：I have had this book since last month.(而非have bought), 3.常用时间标志词（中考必背） 类型 标志词 用法提示 已完成 already,yet,just,recently,lately 不强调具体时间 经历 ever,never,before,once,twice 提问经历用ever 持续 for,since,so far.up to now 需延续性动词 其他 in the past few years,these days 和现在相关 4.与一般过去时的辨析（中考重难点） 对比项 现在完成时 一般过去时 强调 对现在的影响或结果 过去的事实，与现在无关 时间状语 already,yet,ever,never,for,since yesterday,last week,in 2010,just now I lost my key yesterday.(昨天丢的，现 典型例句 I have lost my key..(现在没钥匙) 在可能找到了) ★口诀：过去时间用过去时，联系现在用完成时。 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，每题8-10小题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1. you ever to Shanghai?-Yes,I have.I went there last year. A.Have;been B.Did,go C.Have;gone D.Do;go 2.My mother breakfast already.She is waiting for me. A.cooks B.cooked C.has cooked D.will cook 3.Tom hasn't finished his homework Let's not call him. A.already B.yet C.just D.ever 4.They each other since they were children. A.know B.knew C.have known D.will know 5.-Is your father at home? A.has gone B.has been C.went D.goes 6.I never such a funny movie before.It made me laugh a lot. A.have;seen B.did;see C.am;seeing D.was;seeing 7.She has lived in this city 2018. A.for B.since C.in D.from 8.-How long you this book? A.have,bought B.have;had C.did;buy D.are;having 9.The train just now.You must wait for the next one. A.has left B.left C.will leave D.leaves 10.I my homework yet.I'm still doing it. A.don't finish B.didn't finish C.haven't finished D.won't finish (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 Linda is my best fiiend.She 1. (live)in this town since she was born.She 2. (already/read)many books about history.Last month,she 3. (visit)the city museum with her class.She 4. (never/be)to a museum before,so she was very excited. Now she 5 (study)for the exam.She 6. (not finish)her project yet.But she 7. (already/do)half of it.I believe she will do well because she 8. (work)hard these days. We 9. (know)each other for ten years.We 10. (share)many happy moments together.I hope our friendship will last forever. (三)完成句子 1.我已经完成作业了。I my homework. 2.你曾经吃过北京烤鸭吗？ you ever Peking duck? 3.她自从2019年就开始学钢琴。She the piano 2019. 4.他还没有回来。He back 5.这本书我借了三个星期了。I this book three weeks 6.这是我读过的最有趣的故事。This is the most interesting story I ever 7.他们从未去过国外。They never abroad. 8.你最近见过玛丽吗？ you seen Mary 9.他刚刚离开，你可以追上去。He left.You can catch up. 10.我们认识已经有五年了。We known each other five years. 三、 参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.C;3.B;4.C;5.A;6.A;7.B;8.B;9.B;10.C 选择 (二)语法 1.has lived 2.has already read 3.visited 4.has never been 5.is studying 6.hasn't 填空 finished 7.has already done 8.has worked 9.have known 10.have shared 1.have already finished 2.Have;eaten 3.has learned/learnt;since 4.hasn't come; (三)完成 yet 5.have had;for 6.have;read 7.have;been 8.Have;recently/lately 9.has 句子 just 10.have;for 章 语法精讲精练二 1.现在完成时的构成与含义 构成 含义 强调过去动作与现在的联系：①动作已完成 have/has+过去分词 并对现在有影响：②动作从过去持续到现在 (常与时间段连用) 否定：have/has not+过去分词 疑问：Have/Has+主语+过去分词？ 2.核心考点一：过去动作对现在的影响（重点) ★动作发生在过去，但结果或影响延续到现在。 例：I have lost my key..(过去丢钥匙，现在还没找到，进不去门) 例：She has finished her homework.(过去完成，现在可以休息) 3.核心考点二：过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态 ★常与for+时间段/since+时间点连用。 例：He has lived here for ten years..(他十年前住在这里，现在仍然住) 例：I have known her since20l5.(从2015年认识，一直到现在) 【易错辨析】since+从句（一般过去时）vs for+时间段 since+过去时句子：le has worked here since he moved here. for+一段时间：He has worked here for three years. 【考点】短暂动词(come,go,buy,borrow,:die,leave,join等)不能与时间段连用，需转化 为延续性动词或状态。 短暂动词 延续性表达 buy have borrow keep leave be away (from) die be dead join be in/be a member of come/go be in/be at start/begin be on 例：√He has been dead for two years. 例：X He has died for two years. 4.核心考点三：常用时间状语（标志词） 分类 单词/短语 用法提示 不确定时间 already用于肯定句；yet用于 already,yet,ever,never,just 否定/疑问句 经历类 ever用于疑问句；never表否 ever,never,before 定 时间段 for,since,in the past/last... 动词需延续 完成类 so far,up to now,recently 常与完成时连用 5.核心考点四：have been to./have gone to区别 结构 含义 have been to+地点 去过某地（已回来） have gone to+地点 去了某地（还没回来/不在说话处） 例：I have been to Beijing twice.(去过，现在已回来) 例：Tom is not here.He has gone to Beijing.(他去了北京，尚未返回) 6.易混考点辨析：现在完成时Vs一般过去时 对比项 现在完成时 一般过去时 不强调过去时间，只强调现 时间 明确过去时间，与现在无关 在结果 标志词 yesterday,last week,in 2020. already,yet,since,for,so far... ag0.. 问句 Have you...? Did you...? 例：I have seen the movie.(强调现在知道剧情) 例：I saw the movie last night.(强调昨晚看的动作) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-Where is your mother,John? A.has been B.has gone C.went D.goes 2.I this bike for three years.It still works well A.bought B.have bought C.have had D,had 3. you ever to the Great Wall? -Yes,twice. A.Have;been B.Have;gone C.Did;go D.Do;go 4.My brother the army since 2020. A.has joined B.joined C.has been in D.has been 5.-I'm sorry I your book. -Never mind.I another one from the library. A.lost;have borrowed B.have lost;have borrowed C.lost;borrowed D.have lost;borrowed 6.She her homework yet.She is still doing it. A.hasn't finished B.didn't finish C.won't finish D.doesn't finish 7.We each other since we were children. A.know B.knew C.have known D.are knowing 8.—How long you the book? A.have;kept B.have;borrowed C.did;keep D.do;have 9.The train already Let's wait for the next one. A.has;left B.have;left C.did;leave D./;left 10.-Is your father at home? A.has gone;has been B.has been;has gone C.went;has been D.goes;went (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 Tom is my best friend.We 1. (know)each other since primary school.He 2. (live)in this city for ten years. Last month,he 3. (buy)a new bike.But he 4. (not ride)it yet because it rained a lot.He 5. (keep)it in the garage for two weeks.Now the weather is fine. He 6. (decide)to ride it to school tomorrow. I7. (never see)such a cool bike before.Tom told me he 8. (have)it for only 15 days.He 9. (be)very careful with it.I hope we 10. (go)cycling together this weekend (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.我已经完成作业了。 homework 2.他从2018年起就一直在这家公司工作。 He in this company 2018. 3.你曾经去过太空博物馆吗？ you ever the Space Museum? 4.我借这本杂志已经两周了。 I this magazine for two weeks. 5。她还没有吃过早饭。 She breakfast 6.他们离开家乡三年了。 They their hometown for three years. 7.这部电影已经开始十分钟了。 The movie for ten minutes 8.我爸爸刚出门，他去了银行。 My father just out.He to the bank. 9.你听说过这个有趣的故事吗？ you this interesting story? 10.我从未见过如此美丽的景色。 such beautiful scenery before. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.A;4.C;5.D;6.A;7.C;8.A;9.A;10.A 选择 (二)语法 1.have known 2.has lived 3.bought 4.hasn't ridden 5.has kept 6.has 填空 decided 7.have never seen 8.has had ;9.is 10.will go 1.have finished my 2.has worked;since 3.Have,been to 4.have kept 5.hasn't (三)完成 had;yet 6.have been away from 7.has been on 8.has,gone;has gone 句子 9.Have;heard of 10.have never seen