Unit 1 Family-2026-2027学年七年级英语上册语法专项（北师大版）

Unit 1 Family 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★1.人称代词的主格与宾格用法 ★2.指示代词this/that/these/those的用法 名词所有格的构成与用法 语法精讲精练一 1.人称代词的主格与宾格 定义：人称代词用于指代人、动物或事物，有主格（作主语）和宾格（作动词/介词宾 语)之分。中考必考主格与宾格的选择。 人称代词表格 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 主格：I宾格：me 主格：we宾格：us 第二人称 主格：you宾格：you 主格：you宾格：you 第三人称 主格：he/she/it宾格：him/her/it 主格：they宾格：them 用法核心考点（三大点） ①主格作主语：位于动词前，表示动作的执行者。例：I like apples./She is a student. ②宾格作宾语：位于及物动词或介词后，表示动作的承受者。例：Please help me.(动词宾 语)/This gift is for her..(介词宾语) ③口语中比较级后的用法：日常表达常用宾格(He is taller than me.),但正式语法中常用 主格（·than I am)。中考常考口语用法，选择题中需根据语境判断。例：一Who took the book?一Me.(单独回答用宾格) 易错提醒： √you和t的主格与宾格形式相同，不要混淆。 /he/him、she/her、hey/hem是高频易混点，需根据句中位置判断。 2.指示代词this/that/hese/hose的用法 定义：指示代词用于指代人或事物，表示“近指”或“远指”，同时体现单复数。 指示代词对照表 数 近指 远指 单数 this(这个) that（那个) 复数 these(这些) hose(那些) 用法核心考点（四大点） ①空间/时间远近：this/hese指离说话人较近的人或物；that/hose指较远的人或物。例： This is my pen(在手里)/That is your bag(在远处)。例：These days are busy.Those days were happy ②介绍与电话用语：介绍近处的人用this is..;介绍远处的人用hat is..;电话中自我介 绍用this is..,询问对方用that is..?例：This is my fiiend,Tom./Helo,this is Mary speaking Is that Mr.Li? ③指代前文提到的事物：hat/hose可代替前面出现过的名词，避免重复。例：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(that=the weather):The books on the desk are newer than those on the shelf. ④单复数与be动词、名词的一致性：his/hat后接单数名词+is;hese/hose后接复数名 词+are。例：This is a book./These are books../That is an apple./Those are apples. 易混考点 ★his/these与hat/those的远近区别，常出现在情景对话中。 ★this与that在电话中的固定用法(this is../is that..?)为中考高频考点。 3.易混辨析（中考必考） 人称代词主格与宾格的区分：看位置，主格在动词前，宾格在动词/介词后。例： (I/Me)am a student.I;The teacher helped Ime).→me 指示代词单复数一致：This book is../These books are..;不能混用。 人称代词与指示代词混合使用：注意指代清晰，避免歧义。如“That is my book.Please give it to me.”中的it指代that booko 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，共3大题，每题10小题) (一)单项选择 1.-Who is that girl?-She is my sister. A.She B.Her C.He D.Him 2.Please give the book to A.I B.my C.me D.mine 3. are my new classmates.We often play together. A.This B.That C.These D.Those 4.-Hello,may I speak to Mr.Smith? is he speaking. A.This B.That C.I D.It 5.My brother is taller than A.I B.me C.my D.mine 6.Look at flowers over there!They are so beautiful. A.this B.that C.these D.those 7.The teacher asked to finish the homework on time. A.we B.us C.our D.ours 8.-What are on the table?-They are books. A.this B.that C.these D.those 9.-Is that your pen?-No, is blue.That one is red. A.my B.mine C.me D.I 10.She is a good firiend of A.I B.my C.me D.mine (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式（注意人称代词的主格/宾格变化，指 示代词的单复数/远近变化)，使短文通顺、完整。 Hello,1. T)am Tom.Look at 2 (this)photo on the wall.3 (that)is my father.4. (this)is my mother.5. (they)love me very much.I have a sister. 6. (she)is very cute.I often help 7. (she)with her homework.On weekends,we often go to the park.8. (those)trees in the park are tall.We always have a good time.Do you want to make fiiends with 9. (①？Please call 10. (①at123-4567. (三)完成句子 1.这本书是我的。那是他的。This book is That one is 2.请把这些书给那位老师。Please give books to teacher. 3.她的姐姐比我的姐姐高。Her sister is taller than 4.这些苹果是给你的，那些是给他们的。 apples are for you,and are for them 5.我们经常帮助他学习英语。We often help with English 6.看到那边的那些鸟了吗？它们很漂亮。Do you see birds over there? are very beautiful. 7我是一个学生。我每天骑车上学。 am a student. ride a bike to school every day. 8.请把那个杯子递给我。Please pass cup to 9他是汤姆，我是杰克。我们是好朋友。 is Tom,and is Jack. are good fiiends 10这件外套太大了，那件太小了。你能给我另一件吗？ coat is too big,and is too small.Can you give another one? 三、参考答案 （一)单项 1.A;2.C;3.C;4.A;5.B;6.D;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.D 选择 (二)语法 1.I 2.this 3.That 4.This 5.They 6.She 7.her 8.Those 9.me 10.me 填空 (三)完成 1.mine his 2.these that 3.mine 4.These those 5.him his 6.those; 句子 They 7.I I;8.that me 9.He;I We 10.This that me 语法精讲精练二 1.名词所有格的定义与功能 定义：名词所有格(Possessive Case))表示名词之间的所属关系，相当于中文的“… 的”。 核心考点：所有格是中考语法填空和完成句子的高频考点，需掌握构成规则及不同用法。 2.名词所有格的构成（四大核心考点) 构成类型 规则 示例 ①单数名词直接加s② ①the boy'sbag②the teachers' 复数名词以8结尾加”③ office③children's books④ 's所有格（主要用于有生命 复数名词不以s结尾加's 的人/动物) ④并列名词表共同拥有时， Tom and Jerry's1oom(共同) ④Tom's and Jerry's rooms 最后一个加s:表各自拥有 (各自) 时，每个都加s of所有格（主要用于无生命 the name of the school the cover 名词+of+名词 物) of the book 双重所有格（表示部分概念 of+名词所有格/名词性物 a friend ofmy father's a photo 或情感色彩) 主代词 ofhers 特殊用法（时间、距离、国 today's news ten minutes'walk 家、城市、天体、拟人化等 时间/距离/金钱/国家/自然 China's population the earth's 用’s) 现象等视为有生命 surface 3.核心考点详解 (1①)s所有格的构成细节（中考必考） 单数名词：加s 复数名词以s结尾：只加1 复数名词不以-s结尾：加s 以-s结尾的单数名词（如专有名词）：可加s 例：James's book/James'book(两种均可，但's更常见) 并列名词： √共同拥有：Lucy and Lily's mother(同一个妈妈) √各自拥有：Lucy's and Lily's mothers(两个不同的妈妈) ★考点：共同拥有时's加在最后一个名词后；各自拥有时每个名词后都要加。 (2)of所有格的用法（主要用于无生命物） 结构：AofB=B的A(B通常是无生命名词) 例：the window of the room（房间的窗户) 注意：当名词有较长的修饰语时，常用of所有格。 例：the name of the girl with long hair（长头发女孩的名字) (3)双重所有格（中考中档题） 结构：a/an/this/that+名词+of+名词性物主代词/'s所有格 例：a friend of mine(我的一个朋友) a student of.Wang's（王老师的一个学生) 功能：表示“其中之一”或带有感情色彩（如赞美、厌恶）。 例：that lazy brother of yours(你那个懒哥哥) (④)无生命名词用’s的特殊情况（中考易错点） 以下情况即使是无生命名词，也用’s所有格： ①时间：today's newspaper,.a week's holiday ②距离：ten miles'walk ③金钱/价值：fifty dollars'worth ④国家/城市：China's future,London's parks ⑤天体：the sun's1ays,the moon's light ⑥拟人化/交通工具：the car's engine,the ship's captain ★口诀：时间距离金钱国，天体拟人车船用’s 4.易混考点辨析（中考必考） (1)'s所有格vsof所有格 有生命名词常用’s,无生命名词常用0f,但时间、距离等用’s(见上文)。 例：the dog's name√（有生命) the name of the river√（无生命） two hours'sleep√（时间，用's) (2）所有格与形容词性物主代词的区别 所有格表示“谁的”，物主代词也表示“谁的”，但物主代词是代词(my/your/his 等)，不能与冠词连用。 例：This is my book.√ This is the book of mine.√（双重所有格） This is the my book.X (3)s与-s的读音辨析 加’s在清辅音后读/s,浊辅音和元音后读/z,s,乙，」，3，t,d3/后读/☑。 例：cat's/s/,dog's/zl,fish'siz 加’读音与复数名词相同，不额外发音。 例：students'读音与students相同 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.This is room.They live here together. A.Tom and Mike B.Tom and Mike's C.Tom's and Mike's D.Tom and Mike' 2. fathers are both doctors.They work in the same hospital. A.Lucy and Lily B.Lucy's and Lily C.Lucy and Lily's D.Lucy's and Lily's 3.The girl with long hair is a student of A.my B.me C.mine D.I 4.I need sleep.I feel very tired. A.two hour's B.two hours' C.two hours's D.two hour 5. population is growing fast.It's a big problem. A.The world B.World C.The world's D.Worlds' 6.Look at new shoes.They are so beautiful! A.Mary B.Marys' C.Mary's D.Marys 7. car broke down on the way,so they had to walk A.Tom and Jerry B.Tom and Jerry's C.Tom's and Jerry's D.Tom's and Jerry 8.This is a photo of We took it in the park A.my mother B.my mother's C.my mothers' D.my mother 9.-Whose pen is this?-It's A.him B.his C.he's D.he 10.The shop sells clothes.They are very cheap. A.women B.women's C.womens' D.womens (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（每空一词，必要时加's或 )。 My name is Linda.I have a good friend.1. (she)name is Amy.We are in the same school but different classes.2. (Amy)classroom is on the second floor,and 3. (D)is on the third floor. Yesterday was 4. (Mother)Day.I bought a present for my mother.It was a beautiful scarf.5. (my mother)favorite color is red,so I chose a red one.Amy bought some flowers for 6. (she)mother.She said 7. (her mother)smile made her happy In the afternoon,we visited 8. (our grandparents)house.They live in a small town. 9. (the town)streets are clean and quiet.We had a big dinner together.10. (today)dinner was delicious,and we all enjoyed it. (三)完成句子（共10题) 根据中文提示，补全英文句子（每空一词）。 1.这是汤姆的书。 This is book. 2.这些孩子们的游戏室非常有趣。 The game roomis very interesting. 3.我哥哥和姐姐的卧室在二楼。（各自拥有) and bedrooms are on the second floor. 4.步行十分钟就到了。 It's walk. 5.中国的人口是世界第一。 is the first in the world. 6她是我妈妈的一个朋友。 She is a friend 7.那些男老师的办公室在三楼。 office is on the third floor. 8.今天的气温很高。 temperature is very high. 9.那个女孩的帽子是红色的。 girl's hat is red.(用所有格形式) 10.这是你的书包吗？不，它是李华的。 -Is this your schoolbag?-No,it's 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.D;3.C;4.B;5.C6.C;7.B;8.B;9.B;10.B (二)语法 1.Her 2.Amy's 3.mine 4.Mother's 5.My mother's 6.her 7.her mother's 填空 8.our grandparents'9.The town's 10.Today's 1.Tom's 2.children's 3.My brother's;my sister's 4.ten minutes'5.China's (三)完成 句子 population 6.of my mother's 7.The men teachers'8.Today's 9.The 10.Li Hua's