Unit 2 Safety（下）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（北师大版）

Unit 2 Safety 知识点精讲（下） realize send online except;password relate social; ⊙单元核心词汇 private advertisement accidentally without overtake lock risk service repeat 。单元同步语法 不定代词的用法 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.realize/'ri:elarz/v.意识到；实现 词形变化：realizes(第三人称单数)；realized(过去式/过去分词)；realizing(现在 分词) 搭配：realize one's dream实现某人的梦想 词根词缀：real(adj.真实的)+-ize(动词后缀) 例佝：I realize the importance of study.我意识到学习的重要性。 2.send/send/v.发送；寄 词形变化：sends(第三人称单数；sent(过去式/过去分词)；sending(现在分词) 搭配：send for派人去叫；send out发出；send a message发信息 例佝：Please send me a postcard..请给我寄张明信片。 3.online/,on'larn/adj..在线的；adw.在线地 词形变化：无 搭配：online shopping网上购物；go online上网 词根词缀：on(在.上)+line(线) 例句：I like to study online..我喜欢在线学习。 4.except /ik'sept/prep.除了；v.把.除外 词形变化：excepted(过去式/过去分词)；excepting(现在分词) 搭配：except for除了以外；except that除了 词根词缀：ex-(向外)+cept(拿)一拿出去一除外 例佝：Everyone is here except Tom.除了汤姆，大家都到了。 5.password/'pa:sw3:dn.密码 词形变化：passwords(复数 搭配：set a password设置密码；enter password输入密码 词根词缀：pass(通过)+word(词) 例佝：Keep your password safe.保管好你的密码。 6.relate/rr'lert/v.关联；涉及；叙述 词形变化：relates(第三人称单数)；related(过去式/过去分词)；relating(现在分 词) 搭配：relate to与有关；be related to与有联系 词根词缀：re-(回)+late(携带)一带回来一关联 例佝：This problem relates to our daily life.这个问题与我们的日常生活有关。 7.social/'su/adj.社会的；社交的 词形变化：socially(ad.) 搭配：social media社交媒体；social life社交生活 词根词缀：soci(同伴)+-al(形容词后缀) 例句：e have many social activities..我们有很多社交活动。 8.private/'prarvet/adj.私人的；私密的 词形变化：privately(adv.) 搭配：private information私人信息；private school私立学校 词根词缀：priv(单个)+-ate(形容词后缀 例句：This is my private diary..这是我的私人日记。 9.advertisement/ed'v3:tIsment/n.广告 词形变化：advertisements(复数)；advertise(N.做广告) 搭配：place an advertisement刊登广告；V advertisement电视广告 词根词缀：advertise(做广告)+-ment(名词后缀) 例句：I saw an advertisement for a new phone.我看到一个新手机的广告。 1O.accidentally/,eksI'denteli/adv.意外地；偶然地 词形变化：accidental(adj,);accident(n.) 搭配：accidentally break意外打破；accidentally meet偶然相遇 词根词缀：accident(意外)+-ally(副词后缀) 例句：He accidentally dropped the glass.他意外地掉了杯子。 11.without/wr'jaut/prep.没有；不（做某事） 词形变化：无 搭配：without doing sth.没有做某事；without help没有帮助 词根词缀：with(有)+out(外面一没有 例佝：e can't live without water..没有水我们无法生存。 12.overtake/.euve'terk/v.追上；超车；超过 词形变化：overtakes(第三人称单数)；overtook(过去式)；overtaken(过去分词)； overtaking(现在分词) 搭配：overtake a car超车；overtake sb.追上某人 词根词缀：over(超过)+take(拿)一超过 例句：The red car overtook the blue one.红车超过了蓝车。 13.ock/Iok/v.锁上；n.锁 词形变化：locks(第三人称单数)；locked(过去式/过去分词)；locking(现在分词) 搭配：lock the door锁门；lock up锁好；unlock(（v.开锁) 例句：Please lock the window.请锁上窗户。 14.isk/sk/n.风险；v.冒险 词形变化：risks(第三人称单数；risked(过去式/过去分词)；risking(现在分词) 搭配：take a risk冒险；at risk处于危险中；risk doing sth.冒险做某事 例佝：Don't risk your health.不要拿你的健康冒险。 15.service/'s3vs/n.服务 词形变化：services(复数)；seve(v.服务) 搭配：customer service客户服务；public service公共服务 词根词缀：sev(服务)+-ice(名词后缀) 例佝：The service in this restaurant is good..这家餐厅的服务很好。 16.repeat/m'pi:t/v.重复 词形变化：repeats(第三人称单数)；repeated(过去式/过去分词)；repeating(现在 分词) 搭配：repeat after me跟我重复；repeat the sentence重复句子 词根词缀：re-(再)+peat(请求)一再次请求一重复 例佝：Could you repeat the question?你能重复一下问题吗。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一）单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.|didn't (realize)the truth until yesterday. 2.Please (send)me a text message. 3.You can buy tickets (online). 4.All students went to the museum (except)Lucy. 5.Enter your (password)to log in. 6.This story (relate)to my childhood. 7.We have many_ (social)activities at school. 8.This is a (private)conversation 9.There are many (advertisement)on the website 10.He (accidentally)broke his mother's vase 11.He left (without)saying goodbye. 12.The car tried to (overtake)the bus 13.Please (lock)the door before leaving. 14.Don't (risk)your life for money. 15.The (service)at this hotel are excellent. 16.Could you (repeat)what you said? （二)短文填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 Nowadays,many people use the Internet.But we should 1. (realize)that there are risks.When you 2. (send)a message,make sure it's safe.Don't tell anyone your 3. (password)4. (except)your parents.This 5. (relate)to your personal safety.Some 6. (social)media sites show 7. (advertisement).Sometimes you may 8. (accidentally)click on a harmful link.9. (without)proper protection,your computer might get infected.It can be 10. (lock)by hackers 参考答案 1.realized;2.send;3.online;4.except;5.password;6.relates;7.social; (一)单句填空 8.private;9.advertisements;10.accidentally;11.without;12.overtake; 13.lock;14.risk;15.service;16.repeat 1.realize;2.send;3.password;4.except;5.relates;6.social; (二)短文填空 7.advertisements;8.accidentally;9.without;10.locked A 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 不定代词 不定代词的用法 分类 用法说明 例句 some用于肯定句；any用 I have some books./Do 基本不定代词 于否定句和疑问向；no表示 you have any water?/ "没有”；every表示"每 There is no milk left. -个” Every student likes English. Someone is waiting for 由some,any,no,evey与 you./I didn't see 复合不定代词 body,one,thing组成，指 人(-body/-one)或指物 anybody./Nothing is impossible.Everything is (-thing) ready 主谓一致 复合不定代词作主语时，谓 Everyone is here. 语动词用单数 Something smells good. 形容词必须放在不定代词后 Is there anything 形容词修饰 important?/I want 面 something sweet. 在请求、建议或期望得到肯 Would you like some 特定句型 定回答的疑问句中用 coffee?Can I have some some,不用any cake? 考点通关 不定代词 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.—Is there in the classroom? A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody 2.I have to tell you.Please listen carefully A.something important B.important something C.anything important D.important anything 3.-Would you like tea? -Yes,please. A.some B.any C.no D.every 4. knows the answer It's a secret. A.Someone B.Anyone C.No one D.Everyone 5.There isn't milk in the fridge.Let's go buy some. A.some B.any C.no D.every 6. of the students in our class likes reading.It's a good habit. A.Some B.Any C.No D.Every 7.I looked for my pen everywhere,but I found A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 8.-Did you see at the party? -Yes,I met my old friend Tom. A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词。 1.There is water in the glass.You can drink it. 2. in our class has a new book. 3.I didn't eat this morning.I'm hungry now. 4.-Is there in the room? -No,there isn't. 5.He wants but a quiet place. 6.The box is very light.There is inside 7. can solve this problem.It's too hard. 8.We should help in need. 9. is going well.Don't worry. 10.Would you like more rice?There's plenty. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.A;3.A;4.C;5.B;6.D;7.C;8.A 1.some;2.Everyone;3.anything;4.anybody;5.nothing; 语法专练二：语法填空 6.nothing;7.Nobody;8.somebody;9.Everything; 10.some 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.The internet is a useful tool,but it can also be a danger. 结构：主语+be+名词，but+主语+can be+名词 短语：a useful tool有用的工具；a danger一个危险 译：互联网是一个有用的工具，但它也可能是一个危险。 2.Learn to stay safe online with these four tips. 结构：Learn to do sth.学习做某事 短语：stay safe保持安全；online在线 译：学习用这四个提示在网上保持安全。 3.Don't use simple passwords like "1234". 结构：Don't+动词原形（否定祈使句） 短语：simple passwords简单密码 译：不要使用像“1234”这的简单密码。 4.Hackers can easily guess them. 结构：主语+can+动词原形+状语 短语：easily guess轻易猜出 译：黑客能轻易猜出它们。 5.Make sure your password has 8-20 characters,including both small and capita letters,numbers,and a few special marks. 结构：Make sure+从句（主语+have/has+宾语） 短语：make sure确保；capital letters大写字母；special marks特殊符号 译：确保你的密码有8-20个字符，包括小写和大写字母、数字和一些特殊符号。 6.Also,don't use any numbers related to your personal information. 结构：don't use+名词+related to+名词 短语：related to与…有关；personal information个人信息 译：另外，不要使用与你的个人信息有关的任何数字。 7.Never share personal information on social media. 结构：Never+动词原形（否定祈使句的强调形试） 短语：share.on social media在社交媒体上分享.. 译：绝不要在社交媒体上分享个人信息。 8.It's a good idea to use a nickname instead of your real one. 结构：t's a good idea to do sth.做某事是个好主意 短语：instead of而不是 译：使用昵称而不是真实姓名是个好主意。 9.If you click on one of them,you may accidentally download a virus onto your computer or phone. 结构：If+条件状语从句，主句(may+动词原形) 短语：click on点击；accidentally意外地；download a virus下载病毒 译：如果你点击其中一个（广告），你可能会意外地把病毒下载到你的电脑或手机 上。 10.Never meet anyone from the internet anywhere if you don't have a parent or teacher with you! 结构：Never+动词原形+if+否定条件状语从句 短语：meet anyone from the internet见网友 译：如果没有父母或老邴陪伴，绝不要在任何地方见网友！ 11.It's better to meet real-life friends and spend time with them. 结构：t's better to do sth.做某事更好 短语：real-life friends现实生话中的朋友；spend time with sb.与某人共度时光 译：最好去见现实生活中的朋友并和他们待在一起。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择（从A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案） 1.The internet is a useful ,but it can also be a danger. A.tool B.toy C.game D.book 2.You should learn to safe online. A.stay B.staying C.stays D.be staying use simple passwords like "1234". A.Don't B.Not C.No D.Doesn't 4.Hackers can guess your password. A.easy B.easily C.easier D.easiest 5.Make sure your password has at 8 characters. A.less B.little C.least D.last 6.Don't use numbers your birthday. A.related B.related to C.relate to D.relating 7.Never share personal information social media. A.in B.at C.on D,to 8.It's a good idea a nickname online. A.use B.to use C.using D,used 9.If you click on an ad,you may a virus. A.download B.downloading C.downloads D.downloaded 10. meet anyone from the internet without a parent. A.Always B.Never C.Usually D.Sometimes 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示，每空一词） 1.互联网是一个有用的工具。 The internet is a 2学习在网上保持安全。 Learn to online. 3.不要使用简单密码。 simple passwords. 4.黑客能轻易猜出它们。 Hackers can them. 5.确保密码有8-20个字符。 your password has 8-20 characters. 6.不要使用与你的个人信息有关的数字。 Don't use numbers your personal information. 7在社交媒体上分享个人信息是个坏主意。 It's a bad idea to personal information social media. 8.使用昵称而不是真实姓名。 Use a nickname your real one. 9你可能会意外下载病毒。 You may a virus. 10最好和现实生活中的朋友待在一起。 It's better to with real-life friends. 练习三：翻译句子（根据中文提示翻译） 1.互联网既是一个有用的工具，也可能是一个危险。 2.绝不要使用像“1234”这样的简单密码。 3黑客能轻易猜出你的密码。 4确保你的密码包含大写和小写字母。 5.不要把你的生日用作密码。 6.在社交媒体上使用呢称是个好主意。 7如果你点击广告，你可能会下载病毒。 8没有父母陪伴，绝不要见网友。 参考答案 练习一：单项选择 1.A;2.A;3.A;4.B;5.C;6.B;7.C;8.B;9.A;10.B 1.useful tool;2.stay safe;3.Don't use;4.easily guess;5. 练习二：完成句子 Make sure;6.related to;7.share;on;8.instead of;9. accidentally download;10.spend time 1.The internet is a useful tool,but it can also be a danger. 2.Never use simple passwords like "1234".;3.Hackers can easily guess your password.;4.Make sure your password 练习三：翻译句子 has both capital and small letters.5.Don't use your birthday as a password.;6.It's a good idea to use a nickname on social media.7.If you click on an ad,you may download a virus.8.Never meet anyone from the internet without a parent. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 The internet has changed the way we live,work,and communicate.While it brings many benefits,it also comes with serious risks.Understanding how to stay safe online is becoming more important than ever,especially for young people. A recent study shows that over 60%of teenagers have received strange messages from people they don't know online.These messages are sometimes friendly,but they can also be dangerous.Some strangers try to get personal information like addresses, phone numbers,or even bank details.In the worst cases,they may try to arrange meetings in real life. Another common danger is online fraud.Criminals create fake websites or send fake emails that look real.They might say you have won a prize or that your bank account has a problem.If you click on the links or give them your information,they can steal your money or identity. Social media is also a place where risks hide.Many young people post photos,check in at places,or share their daily activities without thinking.But this information can be used by bad people to track them.For example,if someone posts a photo of their new phone and says where they live,they might become a target for thieves. So what can we do to protect ourselves?First,never share personal information with strangers online.Second,use strong and different passwords for each of your accounts.Third,think twice before clicking on any link or downloading any file.Finally, if something feels wrong,tell a parent or teacher immediately. Remember,the internet is like a big city.There are wonderful things to explore,but there are also dangerous places.With the right knowledge,we can enjoy the good parts and stay away from the bad ones. ()1.What does the underlined word "fraud"in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.诈骗 B.游戏 C.交流 D学习 ()2.According to the passage,what might happen if a teenager posts a photo of his new phone online? A.His friends will羡慕him. B.He may become a target for thieves. C.He will get more followers. D.The phone company will give him a prize. ()3.How many tips does the writer give for staying safe online? A.Three. B.Four. C.Five. D.Six. ()4.What is the main idea of the passage? A.The internet is a dangerous place for young people. B.We should stop using the internet to stay safe. C.We need to learn how to protect ourselves online. D.Social media is the most dangerous part of the internet. ()5.What does the writer compare the internet to in the last paragraph? A.A big city. B.A small village. C.A dangerous forest. D.A wonderful garden. B篇 In today's digital world,creating a strong password is one of the most important things you can do to protect yourself.But what makes a password strong?Let's find out. A strong password should be long.Experts suggest using at least 12 characters.The longer your password is,the harder it is for hackers to guess.Short passwords like "cat123"can be cracked in seconds. A strong password should also be complex.This means using a mix of different types of characters:uppercase letters(A,B,C...),lowercase letters (a,b,c...),numbers(1,2, 3..),and special symbols (!,@#..)For example,"MyDOg!sCute"is much stronger than "mydogiscute". Another rule is never to use personal information.Many people use their birthday, pet's name,or phone number as passwords.But this information is easy for hackers to find,especially if you share it on social media. It's also important to use different passwords for different accounts.If you use the same password for everything,a hacker only needs to crack one to get into all your accounts.That's like using one key for your house,your car,and your office! Many people worry about remembering so many passwords.That's where a password manager can help.A password manager is a program that stores all your passwords safely.You only need to remember one master password to open the manager. Finally,experts recommend changing your passwords regularly.Every three to six months is a good rule.And if you hear about a website being hacked,change your password for that site immediately. Creating strong passwords might seem like a lot of work,but it's worth it.Think of your password as the lock on your digital door.You wouldn't leave your house with a weak lock,so why would you leave your online information with one? ()1.According to the passage,how many characters should a strong password have at least? A.8. B.10. C.12 D.14. ()2.Which of the following is an example of a complex password? A.mydogiscute B.123456789 C.MyDOg!sCute D.birthday2023 ()3.Why should we use different passwords for different accounts? A.Because it's easier to remember. B.Because one cracked password won't put all accounts at risk. C.Because websites require different passwords. D.Because it looks more professional. ()4.What is a password manager? A.A person who helps you remember passwords. B.A tool that creates passwords for you. C.A program that stores passwords safely. D.A website that checks password strength. ()5.What does the writer think of creating strong passwords? A.It's too difficult and not necessary. B.It's worth the effort to protect information. C.It's only important for adults. D.It's a waste of time. 二、完形填空 "Mom,can I go online and play games for a while?"Tom asked.His mother looked at him and said,"Sure,but remember what I 1. you about online safety." Tom nodded and went to his room.He turned on the computer and started playing his favorite game.After a while,a message 2.on the screen.It said, "Congratulations!You have won a free iPad!Click here to get your prize!" Tom felt very 3.He had always wanted an iPad.But then he 4. what his mother had told him:"If something sounds too good to be true,it probably is. He decided not to click on the link.5.,he called his mother to tell her about the message."Good job,Tom!"his mother said."That was probably a trick.6. you had clicked on it,they might have stolen your information." Later that day,Tom received a friend request from someone he didn't know.The person's profile picture was a cute dog.Tom thought about 7.the request,but then he remembered another rule:never talk to 8.online. He 9. the request and told his mother about it."You're learning well,"his mother said proudly."The internet can be a fun place,but we must always be 10. From that day on,Tom became more careful online.He knew that safety always comes 11..He 12.his password to a stronger one and never shared his personal information online.He also told his friends about the 13. of online safety.Sometimes,his friends 14. at him for being too careful.But Tom didn't mind.He knew that being safe was more important than being 15. A.told B.tell C.tells D.telling A.appeared B.appears C.appearing D.appear A.sad B.excited C.tired D.bored A.forgot B.remembered C.understood D.learned A.But B.So C.Instead D.However A.If B.Because C.Although D.Unless A.accept B.accepting C.accepted D.to accept A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody A.accepted B.refused C.received D.sent A.careful B.careless C.happy D.sad A.first B.second C.last D.finally A.changed B.kept C.forgot D.lost A.danger B.importance C.fun D.trouble A.laughed B.cried C.shouted D.smiled A.popular B.safe C.smart D.honest 三、阅读短文回答问题 Cyberbullying(网络欺凌)is a serious problem that affects many young people today. Unlike traditional bullying,which happens face to face,cyberbullying takes place online.It can happen anytime,anywhere,and the bully can hide behind a screen. There are many forms of cyberbullying.Some people send mean messages or threats through social media or text messages.Others spread rumors about someone online.Some even create fake accounts to embarrass others.The worst form is when someone shares private photos or videos without permission. The effects of cyberbullying can be very harmful.Victims may feel scared,lonely,or depressed.They might lose interest in school and social activities.In extreme cases, some victims have even thought about hurting themselves. But there are ways to deal with cyberbullying.First,don't respond to the bully.Bullies often want a reaction,so not replying can take away their power.Second,save the evidence.Take screenshots of the messages or posts.Third,block the bully.Most social media platforms have a "block"function.Finally,tell a trusted adult.This could be a parent,teacher,or school counselor.They can help you report the bullying and find solutions. Many schools now have programs to teach students about cyberbullying.They encourage students to be "upstanders"instead of "bystanders".An upstander is someone who speaks up when they see bullying happening,while a bystander just watches and does nothing. Remember,everyone has the right to feel safe online.If you or someone you know is being cyberbullied,speak up.You are not alone,and help is available 1.What is the difference between traditional bullying and cyberbullying? 2.What are the four forms of cyberbullying mentioned in the passage? 3.How can cyberbullying affect victims? 4.What should you do if you receive mean messages online?(Give at least two suggestions) 5.What is an "upstander"according to the passage? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) safe,real,except,password,social,lock,accident,risk,private,service,online,send Nowadays,many people enjoy 1.shopping because it is convenient.However, we must always think about 2.first. When you shop online,you need to create an account.First,choose a strong 3. Don't use simple ones like "123456"or your birthday.A strong password should have letters,numbers,and symbols.4.your personal information,like your phone number,should not be in your password. Also,be careful about what you share on 5.media.Never post your address or other 6.details.Someone might use your information 7..For example, if you post that you are on vacation,thieves might know your house is empty. If you 8.get a strange email from a website,don't click on any links.It might be a trick to steal your information.Always check if the website is 9.before you give your credit card number. Finally,remember to 10.your computer or phone when you are not using it. This can help protect you from hackers.If you follow these rules,you can enjoy the 11. of online shopping without taking unnecessary 12._ 入 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7 8. 9. 10. 11. 12 五、写作 话题：Online Safety 提示： 1.你在网上通常做什么？ 2.你觉得上网安全吗？为什么？ 3.你觉得我们应该如何在网上保护自己？ (至少给出两条建议) 4.你对其他学生有什么建议？ 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 一、 阅读理 A篇：1.A2.B3.B4.C5.A 解 B篇：1.C2.C3.B4.C5.B 二、完形填 1.A;2.A;3.B;4.B;5.C;6.A;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.A;11.A;12.A;13.B: 空 14.A;15.A 三、阅读短 1.Traditional bullying happens face to face,while cyberbullying takes place 文回答问题 online and can happen anytime,anywhere. 2.The four forms are:sending mean messages or threats,spreading rumors, creating fake accounts to embarrass others,and sharing private photos or videos without permission. 3.Victims may feel scared,lonely,or depressed.They might lose interest in school and social activities.In extreme cases,some victims have thought about hurting themselves. 4.(Any two)Don't respond to the bully;save the evidence by taking screenshots;block the bully;tell a trusted adult. 5.An upstander is someone who speaks up when they see bullying happening,instead of just watching and doing nothing. 四、短文填 1.online 2.safety 3.password 4.Except 5.social 6.private 7.accidentally 空 8.accidentally 9.real 10.lock 11.service 12.risks 五、写作 范文： I often use the internet to study,watch videos,and chat with friends.I think the internet can be safe if we are careful,but there are also many dangers.To protect ourselves online,we should never share personal information like our address or phone number.Also,we should use strong passwords and change them often.My advice to other students is:think before you click!If something seems too good to be true,it probably is.Always tell a parent or teacher if you see something strange.Let's enjoy the internet safely together!