Unit 1 Look it up!-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（沪教版）

U1 Look it up! 知识点精讲 intelligent;talented;completely;original;editor;organize; ⊙单元核心词汇 record;die out;be related to;be similar to;play an important role 。单元同步语法 some /any;不定代词somebody,anybody,.nobody等 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.intelligent/n'telrd3ant/adj.聪明的；有智慧的 词形变化：intelligence(n.智力) 搭配：be intelligent at(在.…方面聪明) 例句：Dolphins are intelligent animals 海豚是聪明的动物。 2.talented/'taelentd/adj..有才能的；有天资的 词形变化：talent(n.天赋；才能) 搭配：be talented in(在.方面有天赋) 例句：She is a talented singer, 她是一位有天的歌手。 3.completely/kam'pli:tli/ad.完全地；彻底地 词形变化：complete(adj.完全的；v.完成)；completion(n.完成) 搭配：completely different(完全不同) 例句：I completely agree with you. 我完全同意你。 4.original/a'rd3 enl/adj..原始的；最初的；独创的 词形变化：origin(n.起源)；originally(adv.最初地) 搭配：original idea(独创的想法) 例句：This is the original painting. 这是那幅原画。 5.editor/ecta(r)/n.编辑；主编 词形变化：edit(v.编辑)；edition(n.版本) 搭配：chief editor(主编 例句：He works as an editor for a newspaper.. 他是一家报社的编辑。 6.organize/':genaIz/v.组织；安排 词形变化：organization(n.组织)；organized(adj.有条理的) 搭配：organize a party(组织聚会) 例佝：Let's organize a clean-up day. 让我们组织一次清洁活动。 7.record/reko:d/n.记录；唱片mk3:d/v.记录；录音 词形变化：recording(n.录音；录像) 搭配：break a record(打破纪录)；record a video(录视频 例句：She broke the world record. 她打破了世界纪录。 Please record the meeting 请记录会议内容。 8.die out/dar aut/短语v.灭绝；消失 词形变化：died out(过去式/过去分词) 搭配：die out gradually(逐渐灭绝) 例句：Some animals may die out if we don't protect them. 如果我们不保护它们，一些动物可能会灭绝。 9.be related to/bi:r'lertrd tu:/短语与..有关 词形变化：relate(.联系)；relation(n.关系) 搭配：be closely related to(与.…紧密相关) 例句：This problem is related to pollution. 这个问题与污染有关。 10.be similar to /bi:'sImIle(r)tur/短语与.相似 词形变化：similarity(n.相以性) 搭配：be similar in appearance(外表相以) 例句：Your bag is similar to mine. 你的包和我的相似。 11.play an important role/pler en Im'po:tnt reul/短语扮演重要角色；起重要作用 词形变化：play a role(扮演角色) 搭配：play a key role(起关键作用) 例句：Trees play an important role in our life 树木在我们的生活中起重要作用。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一）单句填空（用所给词或短语的适当形式填空） 1.I want to friends with my new classmates. 2.She is in dancing 3.1 forgot about the test 4.The plan was much better. 5.The checked all the articles 6.They a school trip last month 7.He wants to his voice for the song. 8.If we don't act,this species may 9.His success hard work. 10.Your voice your mother's. 11.Teachers in education. 12.We should what the teacher says (二)短文填空 Animals are amazing.Some are very 1. like dolphins.Others are 2. at singing,like birds.We need to 3. their habits for study However,many animals are 4._ because of human activities.This problem pollution and hunting.The 6. forests are disappearing 7. National parks 8. in protecting wildlife.They help animals live in a place 9. their natural home.Every country should 10. more conservation programs.Let's work together! 参考答案 1.intelligent;2.talented;3.completely;4.original;5.editor;6.organized; (一)单句填空 7.record;8.die out;9.is related to;10.is similar to;11.play an important role;12.record 1.intelligent;2.talented;3.record;4.dying out;5.is related to;6.original; (二)短文填空 7.completely;8.play an important role;9.similar to;10.organize 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 语法：some/any与不定代词 类别 常用形式 基本用法 例句 I have some 通常用于肯定句；也 apples.Would some,somebody, 可用于表示邀请、请 you like some some系列 someone, 求或期待肯定回答的 coffee? something 疑问向中。 Somebody is waiting for you. I don't have any 通常用于否定句和疑 money./Is there any,anybody, any系列 问向；在肯定句中表 any water? anyone,anything 示"任何”。 Anybody can do it. (任何人) There is no milk. 表示“没有”，本身 no,nobody,no Nobody knows the no系列 含否定意义，谓语用 one,nothing 肯定形式。 answer./Nothing is impossible. 二、核心结构对比 1.肯定句：常用some系列 主语+have/has+some+名词 例：She has some friends 不定代词：Somebody called you. 1.否定句：常用any系列或no系列 主语+don't/doesn't have+any+名词 例：Idon't have any money. 或直接用no:I have no money. 不定代词：|didn't see anybody./Nobody came. 1.疑问向：常用any系列 Do/Does+主语+have+any+名词？ 例：Do you have any questions? 不定代词：Is anybody home? 1.特殊用法 ★some用于疑问句（表邀请/建议/期待肯定）： Would you like some tea? Can I have some water? ★any用于肯定句（表"任何”）： You can take any book you like. 三、不定代词专项注意 复合不定代词(somebody,anybody,nobody,.everything,nothi ng等)作主语时，谓 语动词用单数。 Something is wrong.Everybody knows the truth. 形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词放在不定代词后。 I have something important to tell you.There is nobody interesting. 四、本单元高频搭配 something to eat drink anything special nobody else somewhere warm anyone friendly 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.There isn't milk in the fridge.Let's buy some. A.some B.any C.no 2.Would you like coffee? A.some B.any C.no 3. is knocking at the door Go and see who it is. A.Somebody B.Anybody C.Nobody 4.I have to tell you.It's very important. A.something B.anything C.nothing 5.-Is there in the classroom?-No is there. A.anyone;nobody B.someone;nobody C.anyone;someone 6.She doesn't want help.She can do it alone A.some B.any C.no 7.You can ask for help.They are all kind. A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody 8.There is wrong with my phone.It doesn't work. A.something B.anything C.everything 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用some,any,no或复合不定代词(somebody,anybody,.nobody,something, anything,nothing等)填空。 1.I'm hungry.I want to eat. 2.There isn't juice in the bottle. 3. is perfect in the world.Everyone has weaknesses. 4.Did you meet interesting at the party? 5.She has interesting books.You can borrow one. 6.Can I ask you questions? 7.The box is empty.There is inside 8. is waiting for you outside. 9.He doesn't know about this accident. 10.Would you like more rice? 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.A;3.A;4.A;5.A;6.B;7.B;8.A 1.something;2.any;3.Nobody/No one;4.anybody 语法专练二：语法填空 anyone;5.some;6.some;7.nothing;8.Somebody Someone;9.anything;10.some A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.The word"encyclopaedia"comes from a Greek word that means "general education". 结构：主语+come from+名词（意为“来自”） 定语从句：that means.修饰名词 译："encyclopaedia”这个词来自一个希腊词，意思是"通识教育”。 2.We use encyclopaedias to find information about different subjects. 结构：use+名词+to do sth.(使用..做某事) 译：我们使用百科全书来查找关于不同主题的信息。 3.Most people use encyclopaedias online,but some still prefer to use paper encyclopaedias. 结构：主语+prefer to do sth.(更喜欢做某事) 并列句：but连接对比 译：大多数人使用在线百科全书，但有些人仍然更喜欢使用纸质百科全书。 4.China has a long history of creating encyclopaedias. 结构：have a long history of doing sth.(有很长的.历史) 译：中国有很长的编纂百科全书的历史。 5.One of the first encyclopaedias was the Huanglan. 结构：one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数（最..之一） 译：最早的百科全书之一是《皇览》。 6.It was created around 220 CE. 结构：be created(被创造)+时间状语 被动语态：was/were+过去分词 译：它大约在公元220年被编撰。 7.The Yongle Dadian was completed in 1408 and had over 11,000 volumes. 结构：be completed(被完成)；had over+数字（有超过..） 译：《永乐大典》于1408年完成，有超过11,000卷。 8.It is probably the largest encyclopaedia in history. 结构：the+形容词最高级+名词+in+范围（在中..最…） 译：它很可能是历史上最大的百科全书。 9.They were similar to early Chinese encyclopaedias because they included works by different scholars. 结构：be similar to.(与..…相似) because引导原因状语从句 译：它们与早期的中国百科全书相似，因为它们收录了不同学者的作品。 10.The editors organized the entries in alphabetical order. 结构：organize.in.order(按.…顺序组织) 译：编者们按字母顺序编排了条目。 11.People could use the first letter of a word to find a subject quickly and easily. 结构：use...to do sth.(用…做某事) 副词：quickly and easily(快速轻易地) 译：人们可以使用单词的首字母来快速轻易地找到主题。 12.Encyclopaedias have played an important role through history in recording and providing information. 结构：play an important role in doing sth.(在.中起重要作用) 译：百科全书在历史上在记录和提供信息方面起到了重要作用。 13.They help us learn about the world that we live in. 结构：help sb.(to)do sth..(帮助某人做某事) 定语从句：that we live in(我们生活的) 译：它们帮助我们了解我们生活的世界。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择 1.The word "encyclopaedia" from a Greek word. A.comes B.come C.coming D.came 2.We use encyclopaedias information. A.find B.to find C.finding D.found 3.Some people still prefer paper encyclopaedias. A.use B.using C.to use D.used 4.China has a long history encyclopaedias. A.of creating B.to create C.create D.created 5.The Huanglan was one of encyclopaedias in China A.early B.earlier C.earliest D.the earliest 6.The Yongle Dadian in1408 A.completed B.was completed C.is completed D.completes 7.It had 11,000 volumes. A.over B.more C.many D.much 8.Early European encyclopaedias were similar early Chinese ones. A.with B.to C.as D.from 9.The editors organized the entries alphabetical order. A.by B.with C.in D.on 10.Encyclopaedias help people about the world. A.learning B.to learning C.learned D.learn 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示写出英文） 1."百科全书”这个词来自希腊语。 The word "encyclopaedia" a Greek word. 2我们使用百科全书来查找信息。 We encyclopaedias information. 3.有些人更喜欢用纸质百科全书。 Some people use paper encyclopaedias. 4.中国有很长的编纂历史。 China a long history creating encyclopaedias. 5.《皇览》是最早的百科全书之一。 The Huanglan was the earliest encyclopaedias 6.《永乐大典》于1408年完成。 The Yongle Dadian in1408: 7.它有超过11,000卷。 It 11,000 volumes. 8.早期的欧洲百科全书与中国的相似。 Early European encyclopaedias were early Chinese ones. 9编者们按字母顺序组织条目。 The editors the entries alphabetical order 10百科全书帮助人们了解世界。 Encyclopaedias people about the world. 练习三：翻译句子 1.百科全书这个词来自一个希腊词。 2.我们使用百科全书来学习不同的主题。 3.一些人仍然更喜欢使用纸质百科全书。 4.中国有很长的编纂百科全书的历史。 5.《皇览》是最早的百科全书之一。 6.《永乐大典》有超过11,000卷。 7.它们与早期的中国百科全书相似。 8编者们按字母顺序编排了条目。 9,人们可以快速轻易地找到主题。 10百科全书帮助我们了解世界。 参考答案 1.A 2.B 3.c 4.A 5.D 练习一：单项选择 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.c 10.D 1.comes from;2.use;to find;3.prefer to;4.has;of;5.one 练习二：完成句子 of;6.was completed;7.had over;8.similar to; 9.organized;in;10.help;learn 练习三：翻译句子 1.The word "encyclopaedia"comes from a Greek word. 2.We use encyclopaedias to learn about different subjects. 3.Some people still prefer to use paper encyclopaedias. 4.China has a long history of creating encyclopaedias.5.The Huanglan was one of the earliest encyclopaedias.6.The Yongle Dadian had over 11,000 volumes.7.They were similar to early Chinese encyclopaedias.8.The editors organized the entries in alphabetical order.9.People can find a subject quickly and easily.10.Encyclopaedias help us learn about the world. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 The word "encyclopaedia"comes from a Greek word that means "general education".For centuries,encyclopaedias have helped people find information about different subjects.Today,most people use online encyclopaedias like Wikipedia,but paper encyclopaedias still have their charm. China has a long history of creating encyclopaedias.One of the first was the Huanglan (the Imperial Anthology),created around 220 CE.Another famous one was the Yongle Dadian,completed in 1408.With over 11,000 volumes,it is probably the largest encyclopaedia ever made.These encyclopaedias included writings on history,art,and science. In Europe,the earliest known encyclopaedias were written by the Greeks in the 4th century BCE.They were similar to Chinese ones because they collected works from different scholars.Later,editors of modern encyclopaedias like the Encyclopaedia Britannica organized entries in alphabetical order.This made it easy for readers to find information by using the first letter of a word. However,not all early encyclopaedias were reliable.Some contained mistakes or biased (有偏见的)information.For example,many old encyclopaedias described dinosaurs as monsters instead of real animals.Editors today must check facts carefully to avoid such errors. Nowadays,digital encyclopaedias can be updated quickly,but they also face problems like fake news.Experts say we should always compare information from different sources.As one historian wrote,"An encyclopaedia is only as good as the people who write it." ()1.What does the word "encyclopaedia"originally mean? A.A book of facts. B.General education. C.A collection of stories D.A Greek dictionary. ()2.Why did editors use alphabetical order in modern encyclopaedias? A.To make them look organised. B.To include more subjects. C.To help readers find information quickly. D.To follow the Greek tradition. ()3.What problem did early encyclopaedias have according to the passage? A.They were too expensive. B.They included incorrect information. C.They had too few entries. D.They were written in Greek. ()4.What does the historian's quote (in the last paragraph mean? A.Encyclopaedias are always correct. B.The quality of an encyclopaedia depends on its editors. C.Digital encyclopaedias are better than paper ones. D.Only famous people can write encyclopaedias. ()5.What is the best title for this passage? A.The History of Encyclopaedias B.How to Use Encyclopaedias C.Chinese vs.European Encyclopaedias D.The Future of Encyclopaedias B篇 Many people think dinosaurs were unintelligent creatures that died out because of a huge asteroid ()However,new research shows that some dinosaurs were much smarter than we thought. A recent study of a dinosaur called the Troodon suggests it had a large brain compared to its body size.Scientists believe Troodon was as intelligent as some modern birds. "Troodon could solve simple problems and even use tools,"said Dr.Li,a palaeontologist.This discovery is closely related to how we understand dinosaur behaviour. But intelligence didn't save all dinosaurs.Some species died out because they couldn't adapt to changing environments.Others,like the Troodon,might have survived longer if the asteroid hadn't hit Earth.The situation is similar to what is happening today. many animals are in danger because of human activities. Interestingly,some dinosaurs that could fly,like the Microraptor,had feathers but couldn't fly well.Their bodies were similar to early birds.Scientists recorded their fossils and found they played an important role in the evolution of flight. "We still have a lot to learn,"Dr.Li added."Every new fossil tells an original story about life on Earth.” ()1.What does the new research show about Troodon? A.It was the largest dinosaur. B.It was as smart as some birds. C.It died out because of its small brain. D.It could fly like a bird. ()2.The word "palaeontologist"in Paragraph 2 probably means a scientist who studies_ A.ancient life B.weather C.human behaviour D.space ()3.According to the passage,what is similar between dinosaurs and modern animals? A.Both face dangers from humans. B.Both are highly intelligent. C.Both have feathers. D.Both live in groups. ()4.What can we learn about Microraptor? A.It could fly very well. B.It was similar to early birds. C.It had no feathers. D.It was the ancestor of all birds. ()5.What is Dr.Li's attitude towards future discoveries? A.Hopeful. B.Worried. C.Doubtful. D.Uninterested. 二、完形填空 Long ago,people used encyclopaedias to find information.But how did they 1. such a big book?The first encyclopaedias were written by 2.scholars.They collected knowledge from different fields and put it together. One of the earliest encyclopaedias was made by the Chinese.The Huanglan had many 3.about history,science,and art.Later,the Yongle Dadian became the 4. encyclopaedia in history.It had over 11,000 volumes!Editors worked for years to 5.all the information. In Europe,the Greeks also wrote encyclopaedias.Their books were 6. to the Chinese ones because they included works by many authors.However,European encyclopaedias used alphabetical order.This made it 7.for readers to find what they needed. Today,we have online encyclopaedias.They are 8. because we can update them quickly.But we must be careful.Some online articles are not 9. We need to check facts from different sources.An encyclopaedia is 10. a tool—itis only useful if we use it wisely. A.create B.created C.creating D.creates A.talent B.talented C.talents D.talenting A.entry B.entries C.enter D.entered A.large B.larger C.largest D.largely A.organise B.organises C.organised D.organising A.different B.similar C.same D.close A.hardly B.easy C.easily D.easier A.completely B.complete C.completion D.completed A.origin B.originally C.original D.originate A.just B.only C.also D.even 三、阅读短文回答问题 The first modern encyclopaedia was created by a French editor named Denis Diderot. In 1751,he started working on the Encyclopedie.Diderot wanted to collect all human knowledge in one place.He invited many talented writers to help him.They wrote articles about science,art,history,and many other subjects. However,the government did not like some of the ideas in the Encyclopedie.They thought the articles were too critical of the church and the king.Several times, the government tried to stop the project.But Diderot continued writing secretly.He even hid some pages under his bed! After 21 years of hard work,the Encyclopedie was finally completed in 1772.It had 28 volumes with over 70,000 articles.It played an important role in spreading new ideas during the Enlightenment(启蒙运动).Today,Diderot is remembered as a brave editor who fought for free knowledge. 1.When did Diderot start working on the Encyclopedie? 2.Why did the government try to stop the project? 3.How did Diderot protect his work from the government? 4.How many years did it take to complete the Encyclopedie? 5.What lesson can we learn from Diderot's story?(答案不唯-) 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) intelligent talent complete original editor organise record die out related to similar play a role The dodo was a bird that lived on an island.It was not very 1.,but it was special.When people arrived on the island,they hunted the dodo for food.2. the dodo 3.because of human activities.This story is 4. many other species today.For example,pandas are also in danger.Their habitats are being destroyed. Scientists 5.the number of endangered animals every year.They try to find 6. ways to protect them.Some 7.of nature magazines write articles to raise public awareness.Volunteers also 8.activities to help animals.Their efforts 9. in saving species.Although the situation is 10.to what happened to the dodo,we still have hope if we act now. 入 2. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 话题：Encyclopaedias:Our Best Learning Tool 提示 1.百科全书是什么？（提供知识、涵盖很多学科） 2为什么重要？（帮助学习、培养探索精神） 3.如何正确使用？（对比不同来源、批判性思考） 4.你的号召。 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确，可适当发挥。 参考答案 一、 阅读理 A篇：1.B2.C3.B4.B5.A 解 B篇：1.B2.A3.A4.B5.A 二、完形填 空 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.C;5.A;6.B;7.D;8.A;9.C;10.A 1.In 1751.He started working on the Encyclopedie in 1751.) 2.Because they thought the articles were too critical of the church and the king. 三、阅读短 文回答问题 3.He wrote secretly and hid pages under his bed. 4.21 years. 5.We should fight for knowledge bravely Never give up on important goals.(答案合理即可) 四、短文填 1.intelligent 2.Completely 3.died out 4.related to 5.record 6.original 空 7.editors 8.organise 9.play a role 10.similar 五、写作 范文： An encyclopaedia is a collection of knowledge covering many subjects like history, science,and art.It helps us learn about the world and develop a spirit of exploration. When using an encyclopaedia,we should compare information from different sources and think critically.Don't just copy everything-question and check!Let's make good use of encyclopaedias,both paper and online.They open doors to endless knowledge. Start exploring today!