Unit 8 Pets and us-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（沪教版）

U8 Pets and us 知识点精讲 attack;faithful;responsible;awake;choice;advice;course; 。单元核心词汇 cause;complain;unlikely;relieve;magical;wealth;pride; relationship;have no choice but to do;lie around;complain about;in addition;catch the eye of somebody 。单元同步语法 副词；副词比较级和最高级 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.attack/e'taek/v.&n.攻击；进攻 词形变化：attacker(n.攻击者)；attacked(过去式/过去分词) 例句：The dog may attack strangers.这只狗可能会攻击陌生人。 They made a surprise attack at night..他们在夜间发动了突袭。 2.faithful/'ferefl/adj..忠诚的；忠实的 词形变化：faith(n.信任)；faithfully(adw.忠实地，；unfaithful(反义词) 搭配：be faithful to sb//sth对.忠诚 例佝：Dogs are faithful to their owners..狗对主人很忠诚。 3.responsible/m'sponsebl/adj..负责的；有责任心的 词形变化：responsibly(acv.);responsibility(n.责任)；irresponsible(反义词) 搭配：be responsible for sth对负责 例佝：You should be responsible for your actions..你应该对自己的行为负责。 4.awake/e'werk/adj.醒着的V.(awoke,awoken)醒来；唤醒 词形变化：awaken(v.使醒来)；wake up(同义短语) 搭配：stay awake保持清醒；be awake醒着 例句：He was still awake at midnight.他半夜还醒着。 I awoke to the sound of birds.我听到鸟叫声醒了。 5.choi1ce/tpIs/n.选择；抉择 词形变化：choose(v.选择)；chose(过去式)；chosen(过去分词) 搭配：make a choice做出选择；have no choice but to do别无选择只好做 例句：You have a choice between tea and coffee.你可以在茶和咖啡之间选择。 6.advice/ed'vaIs/n.建议；劝告（不可数） 词形变化：advise(v.建议)；adviser(n.顾问) 搭配：give advice提建议；take/follow one's advice采纳某人的建议 例佝：Can you give me some advice?你能给我一些建议吗？ 7.course /ko:s/n.课程；过程；路线 词形变化：of course(当然)；in the course of在...过程中 例句：We study English course this term.这学期我们学英语课程。 Of course I will help you.我当然会帮你。 8.cause /ko:z/v.引起；导致n.原因；起因 词形变化：caused(过去式)；causing(现在分词) 搭配：cause sb to do sth导致某人做某事；the cause of..的原因 例句：Smoking can cause cancer..吸烟会导致癌症。 What's the cause of the fire?火灾的原因是什么？ 9.complain/kem'plein/v.抱怨；投诉 词形变化：complaint(n.抱怨)；complained(过去式) 搭配：complain about sth抱怨某事；complain to sb向某人投诉 例句：He always complains about the food.他总是抱怨食物。 10.unlikely IAn'larkli/adj..不大可能的 词形变化：likely(adj.可能的)；unlikeliness(n.) 搭配：be unlikely to do sth不大可能做某事；It is unlikely that.. 例句：It is unlikely to rain today.今天不大可能下雨。 11.relieve/'n'li:v/v.减轻；缓解；使宽慰 词形变化：relief(n.减轻；宽慰；relieved(adj.感到宽慰的) 搭配：relieve pain缓解疼痛；relieve stress减压 例句：The medicine helped relieve his headache.这药帮助缓解了他的头痛。 12.magical/med3Ikl/adj.神奇的；魔法的 词形变化：magic(n.魔法)；magician(n.魔术师；magically(adv.) 例佝：The story has a magical ending.这个故事有一个神奇的结局。 13.wealth /wele/n.财富；财产 词形变化：wealthy(ad.富有的) 例句：He dreams of great wealth.他梦想巨大的财富： 14.pride /prard/n.骄傲；自豪 词形变化：proud(adj.自豪的)；proudly(adv.) 搭配：take pride in sth以..为傲；pride oneself on sth以.自豪 例句：She takes pride in her work..她对自己的工作感到自豪。 15.relationship/m'ler[nfp/n.关系；联系 词形变化：relate(v.关联)；relative(n.亲戚；adj.相对的) 搭配：build a relationship建立关系；relationship between A and B A.与B之间的关 系 例佝：They have a good relationship.他们关系很好。 16.have no choice but to do短语.别无选择只好做 例句：I had no choice but to tell the truth.我别无选择只好说实话。 17.lie around短语.到处闲躺；无所事事 词形变化：lie(lay,lain)躺；lied说谎 例句：Don't just lie around all day..别整天无所事事地躺着。 18.complain about短语.抱怨..（同complain of) 例句：Many people complain about the weather.许多人抱怨天气。 19.in addition短语.另外；此外 同义：besides,.what's more 例句：In addition,we need more time.此外，我们需要更多时间。 20.catch the eye of somebody短语.引起某人的注意 同义：catch one's attention 例佝：The bright red car caught the eye of the girl..那辆鲜红色的车引起了女孩的 注意。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一) 单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The dog is very (faith)to its owner. 2.Who is (responsibility)for this accident? 3.I had no (choose)but to wait. 4.He was still (wake)at 11 p.m. 5.The teacher gave us some good (advise) 6.Too much sugar can (cause)health problems. 7.She always (complaint)about the noise 8.It is (like)that he will pass the test because he never studies 9.The news (relief)everyone. 10.The (magic)show amazed the children. 11.His (wealth)family owns a big house. 12.We take (proud)in our school 13.They have a close (relate)with each other. 14. (add),we should also practice listening. 15.The beautiful dress (catch)the eye of the girl yesterday. 16.Stop (lie)around and do your homework! 17.l (complain)to the manager about the bad service last week. 18.The (faith)friend never leaves me alone 19.She felt (relieve)after the exam. 20.He made a wise (choose). (二)短文填空 My pet dog,Max,is very to me.Every morning he stays until I wake up.I think we have a special Yesterday,I was sad because of a test.Max seemed to understand and tried to my sadness.He licked my hand. he brought me his favorite toy.That was really I know some people their dogs for making noise,but I never do.Max is my He would never me.He is for guarding the house at night.Once a stranger came near,Max would him.I have no but to love him forever.I great pride in being his owner.Max never just he is always active.His big eyes everybody's eye at the pet show.He is truly a dog.I believe not just money but having such a friend. 1.faithful;2.responsible;3.choice;4.awake;5.advice;6.cause; 7.complains;8.unlikely;9.relieved;10.magical;11.wealthy;12.pride; (一）单句填空 13.relationship;14.In addition;15.caught;16.lying;17.complained; 18.faithful;19.relieved;20.choice 1.faithful;2.awake;3.relationship;4.relieve;5.In addition;6.magical; (二)短文填空 7.complain about;8.wealth;9.attack;10.responsible;11.attack; 12.choice;13.take;14.lies;15.around;16.catch;17.faithful;18.wealth 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 副词基本用法 类别 作用 示例 方式副词 描述动作"怎样”发生 quickly,carefully,slowly 时间副词 说明动作“何时”发生 now,then,early,late 地点副词 指出动作"在哪里”发生 here,there,outside 程度副词 修饰形容词/其他副词，表示 very,quite,too,so 程度 ★副词常置于动词之后（方式副词）或句首/句尾（时间、地点副词）。 /例：He runs quickly./She always gets up early 比较：形容词修饰名词(a quick runner),副词修饰动词/形容词/副词(run quickly）。 副词比较级与最高级 情况 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节/少数双 加-er-est fast faster 音节 fastest 以-e结尾 加-6-st late later latest 辅音+y结尾 变y为i再加-er- early earlier earliest est 重读闭音节且单 双写尾字母再 hard harder hardest 辅音结尾 加-er-est 多音节及部分双 音节 加more,most carefully more carefully most carefully better worse best worst 不规侧变化 单独记忆 well badly / farthest/furthe far farther/further st ★比较级通常与than连用，最高级前通常加the(副词最高级的the可省略)。 She runs faster than me./He works(the)hardest in his class. 常用结构：as+原级+as(同等比较)，not so/as+原级+as(不如)。 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.Tom speaks Chinese than before. A.more fluently B.fluenter C.most fluently 2.Who runs in your school? A.fast B.faster C.the fastest 3.You should do your homework next time. A.careful B.more carefully C.most carefully 4.He arrived than I expected. A.early B.earlier C.earliest 5.She sings English songs as her sister. A.as well B.better C.best 6.Of all the boys,he jumps A.high B.higher C.highest 7.The train goes than the bus. A.quickly B.more quickly C.most quickly 8.I can't hear you.Please speak a little A.loud B.louder C.loudly 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给副词的适当形式填空 1.He walks (slow)in the park. 2.She gets up (early)than her brother. 3.Among the three players,Peter kicks the ball (far). 4.You should speak (clear)so that everyone can understand. 5.He did the work (bad)than we thought. 6.The little girl sings (beautiful)in the choir. 7.Please drive (careful)on the icy road. 8.I can't run as (fast)as you. 9.Who can jump (high),Mike or Ken? 10.She writes (good)of all the students in her class. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.A;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.C;7.B;8.B 1.slowly;2.earlier;3.farthest;4.more clearly;5. 语法专练二：语法填空 worse;6.most beautifully;7.carefully;8.fast;9. higher;10.best 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.Pets like cats and dogs have lived with people for thousands of years. 结构：主语+have/has+过去分词现在完成时) 短语：for thousands of years数干年 译：像猫和狗这样的宠物已经和人们一起生活了数干年。 2.Some ancient Egyptians had unusual pets like crocodiles and elephants. 结构：主语+had+宾语（过去时 短语：unusual pets不寻常的宠物；like像..（举例） 译：一些古埃及人拥有不寻常的宠物，比如鳄鱼和大象。 3.People even believed that cats had magical powers. 结构：believe that+宾语从句 短语：magical powers神奇的力量 译：人们甚至相信猫有神奇的力量。 4.It was common for European kings and queens to have pets. 结构：It was+adj.+for+sb.+to do sth. 短语：It was common.很常见 译：对于欧洲国王和王后来说，拥有宠物是很常见的。 5.It became popular for noble ladies to have lapdogs. 结构：It became+ad.+for+sb.+to do sth. 短语：lapdogs宠物狗（可放在膝上） 译：对于贵妇来说，养宠物狗变得流行起来。 6.People kept all kinds of pets,such as birds,frogs and even snakes. 结构：such as+列举 短语：all kinds of各种各样铂的 译：人们养各种宠物，比如鸟、青蛙甚至蛇。 7.This began to change towards the end of the 19th century. 结构：begin to do sth.(开始做某事) 短语：towards the end of在..未期 译：这开始改变，在19世纪末期。 8.Rin TinTin went on to star in nearly 30 films. 结构：go on to do sth.(继续做某事) 短语：starin主演 译：林丁丁继续主演了近30部电影。 9.Duncan was full of pride for his clever dog. 结构：be full of pride for为.…充满湖骄傲 短语：clever dog聪明的狗 译：邓肯为他聪明的狗充满骄傲。 10.Pets are nowadays treated like family members. 结构：be treated like被像..一样对待 短语：family members家庭成员 译：如今宠物被像家庭成员一样对待。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择 1.Pets with people for thousands of years. 2.Some ancient Egyptians unusual pets like crocodiles. 3.People believed cats had magical powers. 4.It was common European kings to have pets. 5.It became popular for noble ladies lapdogs. 6.People kept all kinds of pets, birds and snakes. 7.This began to change the end of the 19th century. 8.Rin Tin Tin went on in nearly 30 films. 9.Duncan was pride for his dog. 10.Nowadays pets are treated family members. 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示填空，每空一词） 1猫和狗已经和人们生活了数干年。 Cats and dogs with people for thousands of years 2.古埃及人拥有像鳄鱼这样的不寻常宠物。 Ancient Egyptians unusual pets crocodiles. 3.人们相信猫有神奇的力量。 People that cats had powers. 4.对于国王来说，养宠物是很常见的。 It common kings to have pets 5.贵妇们养宠物狗变得流行起来。 It became for noble ladies have lapdogs 6人们养各种宠物，比如鸟、青蛙甚至蛇。 People kept of pets,such birds,frogs and even snakes. 7这开始改变于19世纪末。 This began to change the of the 19th century. 8林丁丁继续主演了近30部电影。 Rin Tin Tin went to star nearly 30 films. 9邓肯为他的狗感到骄傲。 Duncan was pride for his dog. 10.宠物被像家庭成员一样对待。 Pets are family members. 练习三：翻译句子（将下列中文句子译成英文） 1.宠物和人们一起生活了数干年。 2.一些古埃及人拥有不寻常的宠物。 3.人们相信猫能带来好运。 4.对于贵妇来说，养宠物狗很流行。 5.他们养各种宠物，比如鸟和青蛙。 6.这开始改变于19世纪末。 7那只狗继续主演了许多电影。 8主人为他的狗感到骄傲。 9.如今宠物被当作家庭成员。 10.它们被像家人一样对待。 参考答案 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.c 练习一：单项选择 6.C 7.c 8.D 9.B 10.B 1.have lived;2.had;like;3.believed;magical;4.was;for; 练习二：完成句子 5.popular;to;6.all;kinds;as;7.towards;end;8.on;in; 9.full;of;10.treated;like 练习三：翻译句子 1.Pets have lived with people for thousands of years.;2.Some ancient Egyptians had unusual pets.;3.People believed that cats could bring good luck.;4.It was popular for noble ladies to have lapdogs.;5.They kept all kinds of pets,such as birds and frogs.;6.This began to change towards the end of the 19th century.;7.That dog went on to star in many films.; 8.The owner was full of pride for his dog.;9.Nowadays pets are treated as family members.;10.They are treated like family members. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 Dogs have been our best friends for thousands of years.But did you know that dogs have also helped people in wars?During World War I and World War Il,dogs worked as messengers,sentries (and even rescue dogs. In World War I,dogs were trained to carry messages between soldiers.They were fast and could run across dangerous battlefields.Some dogs could even find wounded soldiers and lead doctors to them.One famous dog named Sergeant Stubby became a hero.He warned soldiers about gas attacks and once caught a German spy After the war,Stubby became very famous and even met three US presidents. During World War ll,the Soviet Union used dogs to carry explosives(to destroy enemy tanks.However,this was a very dangerous job.In the Pacific,the US Marine Corps used dogs to sniff out enemies and find hidden traps.These dogs saved many lives. Today,dogs still help humans in many ways.Police dogs help find criminals.Guide dogs help blind people.Some dogs even help doctors by sniffing out diseases like cancer.The relationship between humans and dogs has grown even closer over time. Dogs are truly man's best friend. ()1.What is the main idea of this passage? A.Dogs are the most popular pets. B.Dogs have helped humans in wars and other ways. C.Dogs can only be used for hunting. D.Dogs are more useful than other animals. ()2.How did Sergeant Stubby become a hero? A.He carried messages between soldiers. B.He warned soldiers about gas attacks and caught a spy. C.He found wounded soldiers every time. D.He carried explosives to destroy tanks. ()3.The underlined phrase "sniff out"in Paragraph 3 probably means. A.to find by smelling B.to look after C.to play with D.to fight against ()4.From the passage,we can infer that dogs are animals. A.lazy and quiet B.dangerous and wild C.smart and helpful D.large and strong ()5.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.Dogs are no longer useful today. B.Dogs only help the police. C.Dogs can do many different jobs for humans. D.Dogs are not as smart as guide dogs. B篇 When we think of smart animals,we often think of dogs or dolphins.But did you know that pigeons are also very smart?Pigeons have been living with humans for thousands of years.They are not just birds that sit on buildings.They have very special abilities. First,pigeons have amazing navigation()skills.They can find their way home even if they travel hundreds of kilometers.How do they do this?Scientists believe pigeons use the sun,the stars,and the Earth's magnetic field (to find their way.During World War I and World War Il,people used pigeons to carry messages because they were fast and reliable.One famous pigeon named Cher Ami saved nearly 200 soldiers by carrying a message through heavy gunfire.She lost one leg and one eye but still completed her mission. Second,pigeons can recognize faces.Studies show that pigeons can tell the difference between human faces,just like people can.They can even remember faces for years! This is why some people train pigeons to work as lifeguards at the beach.The pigeons watch people in the water.If someone is in trouble,they fly back to the lifeguard to give a warning. Third,pigeons are also good at learning.Scientists have taught them to identify ( different objects,colors and even words.In some experiments,pigeons learned to tell the difference between paintings by famous artists like Monet and Picasso! Unfortunately,the number of pigeons is decreasing in many cities.People often think they are pests()and try to get rid of them.But pigeons are much smarter and more important than we think.They have helped humans for centuries and continue to be our helpers today. ()1.What is the main reason pigeons were used in wars? A.They are cheap to keep. B.They can find their way home from far away. C.They are very strong. D.They can fight against enemies. ()2.What special thing does the pigeon Cher Ami do? A.She saved many soldiers by carrying a message. B.She worked as a lifeguard. C.She could identify famous paintings. D.She could recognize human faces. ()3.According to the passage,pigeons can help lifeguards because they. A.are very fast swimmers B.are good at flying C.can recognize faces and give warnings D.can talk to people ()4.What does the writer probably think about pigeons? A.Pigeons are pests and should be removed. B.Pigeons are stupid and useless birds. C.Pigeons are smart and valuable animals. D.Pigeons are only useful for carrying messages. ()5.What is the best title for this passage? A.How to Train Pigeons B.Pigeons in Wars C.The Surprising Intelligence of Pigeons D.Why People Love Pigeons 二、完形填空 Pets are wonderful friends.They bring joy and 1.to our lives.However,having a pet is also a big 2..We need to take good care of them every day. When I was ten years old,my parents gave me a dog as a birthday gift.I was so 3. His name was Max,a golden retriever.At first,I didn't know how to take care of him.My mother 4. me to feed him on time and take him for walks.Max was very active and loved to run in the park.I enjoyed playing with him after school. One day,Max got sick.He didn't eat anything and looked very 5. I was very worried.My father took him to the animal hospital.The doctor said Max had eaten something bad and needed to stay in the hospital for a few days.I visited him every day 6.he got better. That experience taught me an important lesson.Owning a pet is not just about having fun.We must be 7. for their health and happiness.We should also learn what to do when they get sick. Now Max is eight years old.He is not as 8. as before.He likes to lie around and sleep.But I still love him very much.Every morning,he 9. _me up by licking my face.He makes me feel happy even when I am sad. I am glad that Max is part of my family.He has taught me about love,kindness and 10. If you want to have a pet,remember to be a good owner.They depend on us, and they 11. our love and care. A.sadness B.happiness C.trouble D.hunger A.responsibility B.problem C.chance D.change A.special B.famous C.excited D.tired A.asked B.taught C.allowed D.forced A.weak B.strong C.active D.heavy A.after B.because C.until D,if A.famous B.sorry C.ready D.responsible A.young B.fast C.lively D.friendly A.makes B.wakes C.picks D.looks A.wealth B.pride C.advice D.responsibility A.avoid B.forget C.deserve D.refuse 三、阅读短文回答问题 Hachiko is one of the most famous dogs in the world.He was a white Akita dog born in Japan in 1923.His owner,Professor Hidesaburo Ueno,worked at a university.Every day,Hachiko would go to Shibuya Station to wait for his owner to return from work. On May 21,1925,Professor Ueno died suddenly from a heart attack at the university. He never returned to Shibuya Station.But Hachiko did not know this.Every day for the next nine years,Hachiko went to the station at the same time and waited for his owner.He waited and waited,but his owner never came. Hachiko became a symbol of faithfulness().People who saw him at the station were touched by his loyalty.They brought him food and water.In 1932,a newspaper wrote about Hachiko's story,and he became famous all over Japan.In 1934,a statue of Hachiko was placed outside Shibuya Station. Hachiko died in 1935.His story still touches people's hearts today.In 2009,a movie called "Hachi:A Dog's Tale"was made about his life,starring Richard Gere.Hachiko's statue at Shibuya Station remains a popular meeting place. Hachiko reminds us that dogs are truly faithful friends.They love us unconditionally and never give up waiting for us. 1.Where did Hachiko wait for his owner every day? 2.Why did Professor Ueno never return to the station? 3.How long did Hachiko keep waiting for his owner? 4.What did people do when they saw Hachiko waiting at the station? 5.What lesson can we learn from Hachiko's story? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) stay,lucky,relation,choose,faithful,complain,awake,proud,advice,wealth My grandmother has a cat named Mimi.Mimi is a 1.friend to my grandmother.She has lived with my grandmother for over ten years.Every morning, Mimi 2.with my grandmother in the kitchen while she makes breakfast. Sometimes,she even "helps"by watching the food! My grandmother often gives me 3. about how to treat animals well.She says, "Animals are not toys.They are our family.We have no 4.but to take good care of them."I think she is right. Mimi is very smart.She knows when my grandmother is sad.She will come and sit on her lap to comfort her.Their 5.is very close.Sometimes,we 6.about Mimi making a mess in the house,but we all love her very much. One day,Mimi got lost.We were very worried.We looked for her everywhere.7. _a neighbor found her under a car.Mimi was very scared.That night,she was still 8.at midnight,shaking.My grandmother held her and said,"Don't worry, Mimi.I am here."She was 9.that Mimi was safe. My grandmother often says she does not need a lot of money or 10. She just needs Mimi.Their love is the most important thing.I hope Mimi will live a long and healthy life. 2. 3 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 五、写作 话题：Pets and Us 提示： 1.你是否养过宠物？如果有，它是什么？ 2.你和宠物之间发生过什么难忘的故事？ 3.宠物对你来说意味着什么？ 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、阅读理 解 A篇：1.B2.B3.A4.C5.CB篇：1.B2.A3.C4.C5.C 二、 完形填 空 1.B;2.A;3.C;4.B;5.A;6.C;7.D;8.C;9.B;10.D;11.C 1.He waited at Shibuya Station. 2.Because he died suddenly from a heart attack. 三、阅读短 文回答问题 3.He waited for nine years. 4.They brought him food and water. 5.We can learn about faithfulness/loyalty or that dogs are faithful friends. 四、短文填 1.faithful 2.stays 3.advice 4.choice 5.relationship 6.complain 7.Luckily 空 8.awake 9.proud 10.wealth 五、写作 范文： I have a pet dog named Lucky.He is a small white dog with big black eyes.Two years ago,my father brought him home as my birthday gift.At first,Lucky was very shy and hid under the sofa.But soon we became good friends. Every afternoon,I take Lucky for a walk in the park.He loves running after butterflies. One day,he got lost in the park and I was very worried.I looked for him everywhere. Finally,I found him sitting by a tree,waiting for me.I was so happy! Lucky means a lot to me.He is not just a pet;he is my best friend.He makes me feel happy when I am sad.I will take good care of him forever.