Unit 4 Changing and Growing（下）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（仁爱科普版）

Unit 4 Changing and Growing 知识点精讲（下） compare memory trouble advise congratulation 。单元核心词汇 honest;courage spare careless joy comfortable crazy surprised argue notice relationship accept; similar manage avoid balance 。单元同步语法 过去进行时 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.compare/kem'pee(r)/v.比较；对比 词形变化：comparison(n.比较)；comparative(adj.比较的) 搭配：compare.with..把..和.比较；compare..to..把.比作.…。 例佝：Please compare your answers with your partner''s.请把你的答案和同伴的作 比较。 2.memory/'memeri/n..记忆；回忆；存储器 词形变化：memorize(v.记住)；memorial(adj.纪念的) 搭配：in memory of为了纪念；have a good memory记忆力好 例句：|have a good memory for faces..我对人脸有很好的记忆力。 3.trouble/'trAbl/n.麻烦；困难；烦恼v.使麻烦 词形变化：troublesome(adj.令人烦恼的)；troubled(adj.焦虑的) 搭配：in trouble处于困境中；have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难 例句：Don't get into trouble.别惹麻烦。 4.advise/ed'varz/v.建议；劝告 词形变化：advice(n.建议，不可数)；adviser(n.顾问)；advisory(adj.咨询的) 搭配：advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事；advise doing sth.建议做某事 例句：My doctor advised me to take more exercise.我的医生建议我多锻炼。 5.congratulation/ken,graetfu'leIfn/n.祝贺（常用复数congratulations) 词形变化：congratulate(W.祝贺) 搭配：congratulations on sth.因某事祝贺；Congratulations!恭喜！ 例句：Congratulations on your success!祝贺你成功！ 6.honest/pnrst/adj..诚实的；正直的 词形变化：honesty(n.诚实)；dishonest(adj.不诚实的)；honestly(acw.诚实地) 搭配：to be honest说实话；be honest with对..诚实 例句：To be honest,.I don't like the movie.说实话，我不喜欢这部电影。 7.courage/'krd3/n.勇气；胆量 词形变化：courageous(adj.勇的)；encourage(M.鼓励)；discourage(N.使气馁 搭配：have the courage to do sth.有勇气做某事；take courage鼓起勇气 例句：She showed great courage in the face of danger..面对危险，她表现出了巨大 的勇气。 8.spare/spea(r)/v.抽出（时间）；饶恕；节省adj.空闲的；备用的 词形变化：spared(过去式)；sparing(adj.节约的) 搭配：spare time空闲时间；spare no effort不遗余力 例句：Can you spare me a minute?你能给我一分钟时间吗？ 9.careless/keeles/adj.粗心的；疏忽的 词形变化：care(v.ln.关心；小v心)；careful(adj.仔细的)；carelessly(adv.粗心 地)；carelessness(n.粗心) 搭配：be careless about对.粗心 例佝：He made a careless mistake.他犯了一个粗心的错误。 10.joy1d3r/n.快乐；喜悦 词形变化：joyful(adj.快乐的)；joyfully(adv.快乐地，；enjoy(.享受) 搭配：to one'sjoy令某人高兴的是；fill with joy充满喜悦 例句：To my joy,I passed the exam.让我高兴的是，我通过了考试。 11.comfortable/'kAmftebl/adj.舒适的；安逸的 词形变化：comfort(n..安慰；舒适)；comfortably(adw.舒适地)；uncomfortable (adj.不舒适的) 搭配：be comfortable with对...感到舒适；make oneself comfortable别拘束 例佝：This sofa is very comfortable.这张沙发非常舒服。 12.crazy/'krerzi/adj..疯狂的；狂热的；着迷的 词形变化：crazily(adv.疯狂地)；craziness(n.疯狂) 搭配：be crazy about对着迷；go crazy发疯；drive sb.crazy使某人发疯 例句：He is crazy about football..他对足球很着迷。 13.surprised/sa'praIzd/adj.感到惊讶的 词形变化：surprise(n.N.惊奇；使吃惊)；surprising(adj.令人惊讶的)； surprisingly(adv.惊人地) 搭配：be surprised at对...感到惊讶；to one's surprise令某人惊讶的是 例句：I was surprised at the news.我对这个消息感到惊讶。 14.argue/agju/v.争论；争吵；论证 词形变化：argument(n.争论；论点)；arguing(现在分词) 搭配：argue with sb.about sth..与某人争论某事；argue for/against支持/反对 例佝：Don't argue with your parents..不要和父母净吵。 15.notice/'neutrs./v.注意到n.通知；注意 词形变化：noticeable(adj.明显的)；unnoticed(ad.未被注意的) 搭配：notice sb.doing sth.注意到谋人正在做某事；take notice of注意 例佝：Did you notice her leave the room?你注意到她离开房间了吗？ 16.relationship/mle虹nfrp/n.关系；联系 词形变化：relate(v.关联)；relative(n.亲戚；ad.相对的)；related(adj.有关系 的) 搭配：relationship between A and B A与B之间的关系；build a good relationship建 立良好关系 例佝：They have a close relationship..他们关系密切。 17.accept/ek'sept/v.接受；同意；承认 词形变化：acceptance(n.接受)；acceptable(adj.可接受的)；unacceptable(adj 不可接受的) 搭配：accept one's advice接受某人的建议；accept the challenge接受挑战 例句：Please accept my apology..请接受我的道歉。 18.similar/'sImele(r)/adj.相似的；类似的 词形变化：similarly(adw.相以地，)；similarity(n.相似性)；dissimilar(adj.不同的) 搭配：be similar to与.相似；similar in在…方面相似 例句：Your bike is similar to mine.你的自行车和我的相似。 19.manage/'metd3/v.管理；经营；设法做到 词形变化：manager(n.经理)；management(n.管理)；manageable(ad.易管理 的) 搭配：manage to do sth.设法完成某事；manage with sth..用.…应付 例句：He managed to finish the work on time..他设法按时完成了工作。 20.avoid/e'vord/V.避免；回避；躲避 词形变化：avoidable(adj.可避免的)；unavoidable(adj.不可避免的)；avoidance (n.避免) 搭配：avoid doing sth.避鞔做某事；avoid sb.sth.回避某人/某事 例句：You should avoid making the same mistake.你应该避免犯同样的错误。 21.balance/'beelens/n.平衡；平衡状态V.使平衡；权衡 词形变化：balanced(adj.平衡的)；unbalance(v.使不平衡)；balancer(n.平衡衡器) 搭配：keep a balance保持平衡；lose one's balance失去平衡；balance Aand B 平衡A和B 例佝：It's important to keep a balance between study and rest..保持学习和休息的 平衡很重要。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一）单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.He is an (honest)boy,so we all trust him 2.You should (advise)him not to play computer games too much. 3.She has a good (memorize)for English words 4.Don't be so (care)-you've made many mistakes 5.I find it hard to (balance)my schoolwork and hobbies 6.The two pictures look (similar)each other. 7.We were (surprise)to see him there. 8.It takes (courage)to tell the truth. 9.We should learn to (avoid)danger. 10.Did you (notice)the strange noise last night? 11.He managed (finish)the task alone 12.Can you (spare)some time to help me? 13. (congratulate)on your winning the game! 14.She often_ (argue)with her brother about small things. 15.The (relation)between them is very good. (二)短文填空 Dear Tom,I'm writing to share some thoughts with you.First,I want to 1 you on your success in the math test.To be 2. I was a little 3. because you used to have 4. _with math.But you 5. to improve a lot.Your experience 6. _me to work harder.Now I'm facing a 7. problem with English.I often 8. _my progress with others and feel upset.My 9 is not good,so I can't remember new words.Sometimes I'm so 10. _that I make silly mistakes.My teacher 11. this and said I should 12. worrying too much.She also told me to keep a good 13. between study and rest.I need 14. to keep trying.I hope our 15. can get better as we help each other.Please 16. my thanks for your encouragement.Yours,Li Ming 参考答案 1.honest;2.advise;3.memory;4.careless;5.balance;6.similar to;7. (一)单句填空 surprised;8.courage;9.avoid;10.notice;11.to finish;12.spare;13. Congratulations;14.argues;15.relationship 1.congratulate;2.honest;3.surprised;4.trouble;5.managed;6. (二)短文填空 advises;7.similar;8.compare;9.memory;10.careless;11.noticed; 12.avoid;13.balance;14.courage;15.relationship;16.accept A 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 过去进行时 项目 内容 定义 表示过去某一时刻域某段时间内正在进行的 动作。 结构 主语+was/were+动词-ing+其他。 at that time at 8:00 yesterday 时间标志词 this time yesterday when/while引导的从句等。 肯定句：|was reading at8:O0. 否定句：|was not reading at8:00, 句型变化 一般疑问句：Nere you reading at8:00? 特殊疑问句：What were you doing at 8:002 ①直接加-ing(play→playing) ②以不发音e结尾，去e加-ing 动词-ing变化规侧 (make→making) ③重读闭音节结尾，双写末尾辅音加-ing (run→running) ①was/were doing..when.(正在做.… 常见搭配 这时.…) ②while+过去进行时（当.…的时候） 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.-you a student? -Yes,I A.Are;am B.Is;is C.Am;are D.Are;are 2.My sister in Class 1.She very nice. A.is;are B.are;is C.is;is D.am;is 3.-Where your parents? -They at home. A.is;is B.are;are C.am;are D.are;is 4.This an apple.That a banana. A.is;are B.are;is C.is;is D.am;is 5.- they from Japan? -No,they A.Are;aren't B.Is;isn't C.Are;are D.Is;aren't 6.1 a teacher,but my mother a doctor. A.am;is B.is;am C.am;are D.are;is 7.The dog cute.It my friend. A.are;is B.is;is C.am;are D.is;are 8.— your name Helen? -Yes,it A.Is;is B.Are;am C.Is;are D.Are;is 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1.l (have)a shower when the phone rang. 2.They (not play)computer games at 9:00 last night. 3.Look!The dog (run)after a cat just now. 4.While Tom (read)a story,his sister was drawing. 5.What you (do)at 5:00 yesterday afternoon? 6.She (cook)dinner when I arrived. 7.We (watch)a movie at that time. 8.The students (not talk)in class;they were listening. 9.- your father (work)in the garden yesterday morning?- Yes,he was. 10. (repair)my bike when it began to rain. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.C;5.B;6.B;7.C;8.B 1.was having;2.were not playing;3.was running;4. 语法专练二：语法填空 was reading;5.were;doing;6.was cooking;7.were watching;8.were not talking;9.Was;working;10.was repairing A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.How time flies! 结构：HoW+主语+动词（感叹句） 中文：时间过得真快！ 2.Congratulations on moving to your new house! 结构：Congratulations on+名词/动名词 中文：祝贺你搬新家！ 3.I signed up for a music club. 结构：sign up for+名词（报名参加） 中文：我报名参加了音乐俱乐部。 4.I felt so lucky to make some good friends. 结构：feel+形容词+to do sth.(感到.…做某事) 短语：make friends交朋友 中文：我感到很幸运交到了一些好朋友。 5.Mrs.Zhang helped me improve my singing skills. 结构：help sb..(to)do sth.(帮助某人做某事) 中文：张老师帮我提高了唱技巧。 6.My parents didn't allow me to learn singing. 结构：allow sb.to do sth.(允许某人做某事) 否定：didn't allow sb.to do sth 中文：我父母不允许我学唱歌。 7.She advised me to have an open and honest talk with my parents. 结构：advise sb.to do sth.(建议某人做某事) 短语：have a talk with sb.与某人谈话 中文：她建议我和父母开诚布公地谈一谈。 8.I gathered my courage to talk to them. 结构：gather one's courage to do sth.(鼓起勇气做某事) 中文：我鼓起勇气和他们谈了。 9.I was very glad to have their support. 结构：be glad to do sth.(很高兴做某事) 中文：我很高兴有他们的支持。 10.What should I do? 结构：疑问词+should+主语+动词原形？ (征求建议) 中文：我该怎么办？ 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择（从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案） 1.How time We have to say goodbye A.flies B.fly C.flying D,flew 2.Cong ratul ations your new job！ A.in B.on C.at D.for 3.1 up for the art club last week. A.signed B.sign C.signing D.signs 4.She felt lucky such a nice present. A.get B.getting C.to get D.got 5.My mother helps me my English. A.improve B.improves C.improved D.improving 6.The school doesn't allow students mobile phones in class. A.use B.using C.used D.to use 7.The doctor advised me more vegetables. A.eat B.eating C.to eat D.ate 8.He gathered his and told the truth. A.courage B.happy C.luck D.time 9.I am glad your letter. A.receive B.to receive C.receiving D.received 10.He was late the heavy traffic. A.because B.because of C.so D,but 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示，每空一词） 1祝贺你考试成功。 your exam success. 2我报名参加了一个读书俱乐部。 for a reading club 3.他感到幸运能遇到你。 He felt meet you. 4.老师帮助我解决了问题。 The teacher me the problem. 5.父母不允许我晚上外出。 My parents don't me go out at night. 6.她建议我早点睡觉。 She me go to bed early. 7.我鼓起勇气提出了问题。 my to ask the question. 8.我很高兴得到他们的帮助。 I am very have their help. 9.因为下雨，比赛取消了。 The game was cancelled the rain. 10.我该怎么办？ should I 练习三：翻译句子（将中文翻译成英文，写在横线上） 1.时间过得真快！ 2我去年十月报名参加了音乐俱乐部。 3.张老师帮我提高了唱技巧。 4.我父母不允许我唱歌。 5.她建议我和父母谈一谈。 6.我鼓起勇气和他们交谈。 7我很高兴有他们的支持。 8.因为唱歌活动，我无法抽出时间学习。 9我该怎么办？你能给我一些建议吗？ 参考答案 练习一：单项选择 1.A;2.B;3.A;4.C;5.A;6.D;7.C;8.A;9.B;10.B 1.on;2.signed up;3.lucky to;4helped;solve fix 练习二：完成句子 with);5.allow;to;6.advised;to;7.gathered;courage; 8.glade to;9.because of;10.What;do 练习三：翻译句子 1.How time flies! 2.I signed up for a music club last October. 3.Mrs.Zhang helped me improve my singing skills. 4.My parents didn't allow me to learn singing. 5.She advised me to have a talk with my parents. 6.I gathered my courage to talk to them. 7.I was very glad to have their support. 8.I can't spare much time for my study because of the singing activities. 9.What should I do?Can you give me some advice? A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 C篇 David used to have trouble learning English.He often made careless mistakes in spelling and grammar.His teacher advised him to compare his learning methods with those of top students.David gathered his courage to ask for help and was honest with himself about his weaknesses.He spared one hour every day to practice reading and speaking.Slowly,he found great joy in learning English.Now he can balance his study and hobbies well."It was a difficult but meaningful change,"David says."I learned that with courage and honesty,I can manage to improve." ()1.What was David's problem at first? A.He had no interest in English. B.He had trouble learning English. C.He argued with his teacher. D.He had no spare time. ()2.What did David's teacher advise him to do? A.To avoid making mistakes. B.To compare his methods with others. C.To give up English D.To spend more time on hobbies. ()3.The underlined word "weaknesses"in the passage means A优点 B.缺点 C.兴趣 D.方法 ()4.What is the best title for the passage? A.How to Learn English Well B.A Meaningful Change C.The Importance of Honesty D.David's Hobbies D篇 Last Saturday,while Lily was cleaning her room,she noticed an old photo.It reminded her of a big argument she had with her best friend,Amy,two years ago.They argued about a misunderstanding.Lily felt disappointed and thought their relationship would end.However,Amy accepted Lily's apology later.From that day on,they learned to be honest with each other.Now their friendship is stronger than before."I was surprised that a small talk could change so much,Lily says."Sometimes we need to gather our courage to say sorry.It's not a waste of time to fix a broken relationship. ()1.What was Lily doing when she noticed the photo? A.She was reading a book. B.She was cleaning her room. C.She was arguing with Amy. D.She was writing a letter. ()2.Why did Lily and Amy argue two years ago? A.Because of a misunderstanding. B.Because of a singing competition. C.Because of a lost photo. D.Because of a school trip. ()3.What does Lily think of saying sorry? A.It is a waste of time. B.It takes great courage. C.It is not necessary. D.It makes things worse. ()4.The passage mainly tells us that A.old photos are meaningful B.arguments can be good C.fixing a relationship is worthwhile D.friends should never argue 二、完形填空 Dear Mom and Dad, How time flies!I have been at summer camp for a week.Everything is going well.I signed up for a swimming club.At first I felt 1.because I couldn't swim well. My coach advised me 2. others.I gathered my 3.and tried my best. Now I can swim across the pool. But there is a problem.I can't 4. much time for reading because of the training.I don't want to fall behind in study.What should I do?I asked my new friend Mike for advice.He said I should 5. a balance.He also told me not to be 6. about my schedule.After talking with him,I felt much better. Yesterday,our team had a competition.I was 7.to see my coach cheering me on.We won the match!To our 8.,our team got the first prize.I think this experience taught me the importance of 9..Now I believe I can 10. to improve both swimming and study. Yours Tom A.happy B.sad C.excited D.brave A.watch B.to watch C.watching D.watched A.memory B.courage C.trouble D.joy A.spare B.spend C.take D.cost A.break B.keep C.lose D.avoid A.careful B.careless C.honest D.crazy A.disappointed B.surprised C.boring D.comfortable A.joy B.sadness C.worry D.anger A.honesty B.balance C.friendship D.courage A.manage B.avoid C.accept D.argue 三、阅读短文回答问题 When I was in Grade 7,I was very shy.I was afraid to speak in class.My teacher,Mrs. Wang,noticed this.She advised me to join the English club.At first I didn't want to, because I thought I would make mistakes.But she encouraged me,"It's okay to make mistakes.The important thing is to have courage."I gathered my courage and signed up for the club.Every week,I spared two hours to practice speaking.To my joy,I made some good friends there.They were honest with me and helped me a lot.Now I am not shy any more.I even won a speech contest!This experience changed me.I learned that if we are brave enough,we can face any trouble. 1.What was the writer like in Grade 7? 2.What did Mrs.Wang advise the writer to do? 3.How long did the writer spare for practice every week? 4.What did the writer get from the English club? 5.What did the writer learn from the experience? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) true compare joy memory similar manage accept avoid argue trouble Last year,I had a big 1.with my best friend over a small thing.We 2. about who was right.I was so angry that I didn't talk to him for a week.But later I 3 my behavior with his.I realized we were 4.in some ways-both of us were too stubborn.I gathered my courage and 5. his apology.We promised to 6. such misunderstandings in the future.Now our relationship is stronger.This 7. taught me an important lesson:being 8.with each other brings 0 I will keep this 10.forever. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 话题：My Growth Story 提示： 1.你过去有什么问题或困难？ 2.你是如何改变的？ 3.这次改变对你的影响是什么？ 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、 阅读理 C篇：1.B2.B3.B4.B 解 D篇：1.B2.A3.B4.C 二、完形填 空 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.A;9.B;10.A 1.shy 2.to join the English club 三、阅读短 文回答问题 3.two hours every week 4.won a speech contest 5.if we are brave enough,we can face any trouble 四、短文填 1.trouble 2.argued 3.compared 4.similar 5.accepted 6.avoid 7.memory 空 8.true 9.joy 10.manage 五、写作 范文： My Growth Story When I was in Grade 7,I was very shy and had trouble making friends.I often felt lonely.My teacher advised me to join the school choir.I gathered my courage and signed up.At first,I was nervous,but I managed to practice every day.Gradually,I made good friends and found great joy in singing.Now I am confident and happy.This change taught me that taking the first step is important.(80 words)