Unit 4 Changing and Growing（上）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（仁爱科普版）

Unit 4 Changing and Growing 知识点精讲（上） vision calm forget nervous lonely recommend 。单元核心词汇 laugh period stage purpose reach certain pain painful stress pressure deal deal with 。单元同步语法 形容词后缀-less、-ful 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.Vision/'vI3n/n.视力；视野；愿景 词形变化：visual(adj.视觉的)；visually(adv.) 例佝：He has poor vision..他视力不好。 2.calm/ka:m/adj..平静的；镇静的v.使平静 词形变化：calmly(acv.);calmness(n.) 搭配：calm down冷静下来 例佝：Keep calm in the exam.考试时保持冷静。 3.forget/fe'get/v.忘记 词形变化：forgot(过去式)；forgotten(过去分词)；forgetful(adj.健忘的) 搭辄：forget to do sth.忘记要做某事；forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 例佝：Don't forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门. 4.nervous/n3.vas/adj.紧张的；焦虑的 词形变化：nervously(adw.);nervousness(n.) 例句：I feel nervous before the speech.演讲前我感到紧张。 5.lonely/leunli/adi.孤独的；寂寞的 词形变化：loneliness(n.) 辨析：alone(adj.独自的，客观状态)；lonely(adj.孤独的，主观感受) 例佝：He lives alone but never feels lonely.他独自生活但从不觉得孤独。 6.recommend/,reke'mend/v.推荐；建议 词形变化：recommendation(n.);recommended(adj.) 搭配：recommend doing sth.建议做某事；recommend sb.sth./recommend sth. tosb.向某人推荐某物 例句：I recommend this book to you..我向你推荐这本书。 7.laugh /ld:f/v.笑；发笑n.笑声 词形变化：laughter(n.不可数，笑声)；laughable(adj.可笑的) 搭配：laugh at嘲笑 例句：Don't laugh at others.不要嘲笑别人。 8.period/'pIeried/n.时期；一段时间；节（课） 例句：e have a free period this afternoon.今天下午我们有一节自习课。 9.stage/sterd3n.舞台；阶段；步骤 搭配：at this stage在这个阶段 例句：The project is at an early stage.这个项目处于早期阶段。 10.purpose/'p3:pes/n.目的；意图 搭配：on purpose故意地；for the purpose of为了…目的 例句：What is the purpose of this meeting?这次会议的目的是什么？ 11.each/ri:t v.到达；够到；联系n.到达范围 词形变化：reached(过去式/过去分词) 搭配：reach out伸出（手）；reach for伸手去拿 例佝：Can you reach the top shelf??你能够到最上面的架子吗？ 12.certain/'s3:tn/adj.确定的；某（一）个；必然的 词形变化：certainly(adv.当然)；uncertain(adj.不确定的)；certainty(n.) 搭配：be certain of/about对.有把握；make certain弄清楚 例句：'m certain that he will come.我确定他会来。 13.pain /pern/n.疼痛；痛苦v.使痛苦 词形变化：painful(adj.疼s痛的)；painfully(adv.);painless(adj.无痛的) 搭配：in pain在痛苦中；take pains努力；费心 例句：He has a pain in his back.他背痛。 14.painfu/'pernfl/adj.疼痛的；令人痛苦的 例佝：The cut is painful..伤口很疼。 15.stress/stres/n.压力；强调v.强调；使紧张 词形变化：stressful(adj.紧张的，压力大的)；stressed(adj.焦虑的) 搭配：under stress处于压力下 例佝：Don't put too much stress on yourself..别给自己太大压力。 16.pressure/'prea(r)ln.压力；压迫 词形变化：press(N.按；困 搭配：under pressure在压力下；peer pressure同辈压力 例句：He works well under pressure.他在压力下工作得很好。 17dea/di:lWn.交易；待遇v.处理；经营 词形变化：dealt(过去式/过去分词)；dealing(现在分词) 搭配：deal with处理；应付；论述 例佝：How do you deal with stress?你如何应对压力？ 18.deal with/di:lwr/短语.处理；对付 例句：She knows how to deal with difficult customers.她知道如何应付难缠的顾 客。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.He often (forget)his homework at home. 2.Please keep (calmly)when you face danger. 3.She feels (lonely)because she has few friends 4.The doctor (recommend)him to take more exercise 5. (laugh)is good for health. 6.We should set a clear (purposed)before the project. 7.Can you」 (reach)the book on the top shelf? 8.I'm not (certainly)about the answer. 9.The wound is very (pain).He cried. 10.He is under a lot of (stressful)at work. 11.She (deal)with the problem very well yesterday 12.We have a (period)of history every day. (二)短文填空（用方框内所给词的适当形式填空） Everyone has 1. in life.Sometimes we feel 2. before a big test. It's important to 3. down and relax.Don't 4. to take deep breaths.If you feel 5. talk to your friends.They can 6. you some good ways to 7. the problems.8. is a good medicine一it can help reduce 9. Try to find the 10. of your study:it will give you direction.If you keep trying,you will 11._ your goal one day.Remember, every difficult 12. will pass.Stay 13. about yourself! 参考答案 1.forgets;2.calm;3.lonely;4.recommends;5.Laughing;6.purpose; (一）单句填空 7.reach;8.certain;9.painful;10.stress;11.dealt;12.period 1.stress;2.nervous;3.calm;4.forget;5.lonely;6.recommend;7.deal (二)短文填空 with;8.Laughing;9.pressure;10.purpose;11.reach;12.period; 13.certain 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 形容词后缀-ful与-less 后缀 含义 构成规则 常见词 例句 care→ careful;help →helpful;use →useful; Be careful -ful 充满的；具 名词+-ful→ color→ when you 有.性质的 形容词 colorful; cross the road. peace→ peaceful; hpe→ hopeful care→ careless;help →helpless; use→ A careless 没有的；缺 名词+-less→ useless;color -less driver may 乏的 形容词 →colorless; cause home→ accidents. homeless; hope→ hopeless 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.-Why do you like this book? -Because it's very A.use B.useful C.useless D.using 2.The old man lives alone,but he never feels A.lonely B.helpful C.helpless D.careful 3.Please be The glass is easy to break. A.careful B.careless C.helpful D.homeless 4.The picture is so I love all the colors. A.colorless B.colorful C.careful D.useless 5.He made a mistake in the exam. A.care B.careful C.careless D.carer 6.We should try to help people. A.home B.homeless C.useful D.hopeless 7.The Internet is very in our daily life. A.useful B.useless C.use D.using 8.She is always to others.She often helps her classmates. A.careful B.careless C.helpful D.helpless 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给单词的适当形式（加-ful或-|ess或直接变化的形容词）填空。 1.Don't be so You made the same mistake again. 2.This dictionary is very for English learners 3.The cat looks so sad.Let's take it home. 4.We must be to each other. 5.The sky is today.There are no clouds. 6.She always does her homework and gets good grades. 7.The story has a ending.Everyone is happy 8.Without water,the plants will become 9.Our city is very People live happily. 10.He is a businessman. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.C;3.A;4.B;5.C;6.B;7.A;8.C 1.careless;2.useful;3.homeless;4.helpful;5.colorless; 语法专练二：语法填空 6.carefully;7.hopeful;8.hopeless;9.peaceful; 10.successful A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.You look sad. 结构：主语+look+形容词 中文：你看起来很伤心。 类似：look happy/tired/worried (2.What's the problem? 结构：What's+名词短语？ 中文：出什么问题了？ 答语：|failed the exam./I have a headache, 3.Don't worry. 结构：Don't+动词原形（否定祈使句） 中文：别担心。 类似：Don't be late./Don't give up. 4.You can do better next time. 结构：主语+can do better/wose 中文：你下次能做得更好。 5.What should I do? 结构：What+should+主语+do? 中文：我该怎么办？ 答语：You should+动词原形 6.Can you give me some suggestions? 结构：Can you give me+名词？ 中文：你能给我一些建议吗？ 类似：Can you give me some advice? 7.If you have any problem,you can always come to me. 结构：If+主语+have/has+名词，主句 中文：如果你有任何问题，你随时可以来找我。 8.I moved here a month ago. 结构：主语+moved+地点+时间(ago) 中文：我一个月前搬到了这里。 类似：|came here two days ago. 9.You can keep in touch with them. 短语：keep in touch with sb.与某人保持联系 中文：你可以和他们保持联系。 10.I don't know how to start. 结构：don't know how to do sth.不知道怎么去做某事 中文：我不知道怎么开始。 11.I can recommend her to you. 短语：recommend sb.tosb.把某人推荐给某人 中文：我可以把她推荐给你。 12.I'm sure she would like to be your friend. 结构：be sure+从句或be sure+todo 中文：我确定她愿意成为你的朋友。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：补全对话（根据对话内容，每空填一句完整的话，注意标点） Miss Wang:Hi,Li Hong!You look sad.1. Li Hong:Hi,Miss Wang.I failed the English exam. Miss Wang:2. You can do better next time Li Hong:Thanks.But 3. ？Can you give me some suggestions? Miss Wang:If you have any problem,4. Li Hong:Thank you very much,Miss Wang.And you know,I moved here a month ago.I miss my friends in my hometown.They often helped me with my English. Miss Wang:That's all right.5. with them and make new friends here. Li Hong:I guess so.But 6. how to start. Miss Wang:Well,Lingling is nice,and her English is very good.I can 7. to you.I'm sure 8. to be your friend Li Hong:Thanks for your help,Miss Wang. 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示，补全英文句子，每空一词或短语） 你看起来很伤心。 sad. 出什么问题了？ What's the 别担心。 worry. 我该怎么办？ What I do? 你能给我一些建议吗？ Can you me some suggestions? 如果你有任何问题，你随时可以来找我。 If you have any you can always come to me. 我一个月前搬到了这里。 here a month ago. 你可以和他们保持联系。 You can keep touch with them. 我不知道怎么开始。 I don't know to start. 我可以把她推荐给你。 I can recommend to you. 我确定她愿意成为你的朋友。 I'm sure she would like to your friend. 谢谢你，王老师。 for your help,Miss Wang 参考答案 练习一：补全对话 1.What's the problem?/What's wrong? 2.Don't worry. 3.what should I do? 4.you can always come to me. 5.You can keep in touch 6.I don't know 7.recommend her 8.she would like 1.look;2.problem;3.Don't;4.should;5.give;6.problem; 练习二：完成句子 7.moved;8.in;9.how;10.her;11.be;12.Thanks 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 Growing up is never easy We all face different challenges that help us become better. For 14-year-old Zhang Wei,the biggest challenge came from a new school. Last September,Zhang Wei moved to Shanghai because his father got a new job there. He left his old friends in the countryside behind.On the first day of school,he felt nervous and lonely.He didn't know how to start a conversation with his new classmates.During the lunch break,he sat alone in the corner of the classroom "I felt like a stranger in a strange world,"Zhang Wei recalled."I missed my old friends so much.They used to help me with my homework and play basketball together." His new class teacher,Miss Li,noticed his sadness.She asked him to join the school's reading club."At first I didn't want to go,but Miss Li said it would be a good chance to meet new friends,"Zhang Wei said.In the club,he met several students who shared the same hobby---reading science fiction(科幻小说).They talked about books and exchanged ideas.Gradually,Zhang Wei began to feel less lonely. Now,Zhang Wei has made three good friends in the club.They often study together and play basketball at weekends."I learned that change is not always bad,"he said with a smile."If you open your heart and take the first step,you will find new happiness." ()1.Why did Zhang Wei feel nervous and lonely on his first day at the new school? A.He didn't like the school. B.He missed his old friends and didn't know how to start. C.He failed the exam. D.He had no hobby ()2.Who gave Zhang Wei advice to join the reading club? A.His father. B.His old classmate. C.Miss Li. D.A friend in the club. ()3.What did Zhang Wei and his new friends often do together? A.They went to the countryside. B.They played basketball and studied. C.They only read books. D.They watched movies. ()4.What can we learn from Zhang Wei's story? A.Moving to a new city is always difficult. B.Making new friends is easy if you join clubs. C.Changes can bring new chances if we try to adapt () D.Reading science fiction is the best way to make friends. ()5.What does the underlined word "challenge"in Paragraph 1 mean? A.机会 B.挑战 C.改变 D.困难 B篇 In many cultures,there are interesting proverbs()about growth.These sayings often teach us how to face difficulties and become stronger. One famous English proverb is:"A smooth sea never made a skilled sailor."This means that easy life won't make you a capable(有能力的)person.Only through storms and troubles can you learn real skills.Another similar saying is:"No pain,no gain."It tells us that hard work and suffering are necessary for success. In Chinese,we have a proverb:"不经一番寒彻骨，怎得梅花扑鼻香。”It means that without experiencing cold winter,the plum blossom (cannot have a sweet smell. This is very similar to the idea that growth requires hardship ) For teenagers,growing up means facing many first times:first failure in exams,first time making friends in a new place,first time dealing with stress.These experiences may feel painful,but they are like the "storms"that make us stronger. A survey among 500 middle school students showed that 68%of them believed that difficulties in life helped them learn important lessons.For example,45%said that failing an exam made them study harder.32%said that moving to a new city helped them become more independent. So when you face troubles,remember:every challenge is a chance to grow.Just like the sailor,the plum blossom,and the student who tried again,you will become better because of them. ()1.What does the proverb "A smooth sea never made a skilled sailor"mean? A.Sailors don't like smooth seas. B.A person can become skilled without any difficulties. C.Troubles and difficulties help build real ability. D.The sea is always dangerous. ()2.Which Chinese proverb has a similar meaning to "No pain,no gain"? A失败是成功之母B.不经一番寒彻骨，C.干里之行，始于足D.三人行，必有我师 怎得梅花扑鼻香 下 ()3.According to the survey,what did 45%of the students learn from failing an exam? A.They should give up. B.They should study harder. C.They should ask for help D.They should change schools. ()4.What is the writer's main purpose of writing this passage? A.To introduce some famous sailors. B.To tell students to avoid difficulties. C.To encourage students to see challenges as chances to grow. D.To compare English and Chinese proverbs. ()5.The structure of this passage is probably A.problem→solution B.opinion→examples→conclusion C.story→lesson D.question→answer 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Linda was a 15-year-old girl.She used to be very shy and had few friends.She always felt when she was alone.Her parents worried about her,but they didn't know how to help. One day,Linda's school held a_activity:"Growth Challenge Week".The students had to try something new every day.Linda was very nervous about it."I can't do it,"she thought.But her teacher,Mr.Brown,encouraged her."Linda,you are a clever girl.Just take the step.You will be surprised." On Monday,the task was to a new classmate's name.Linda walked to a girl named Amy and said,"Hello,my name is Linda.Nice to meet you."Amy smiled and they started talking.Linda felt a little but also happy On Tuesday,the task was to join a group activity during PE class.Linda chose to play volleyball.At first,she was afraid of the ball.But her teammates said,"It's okay,just try."She tried and actually hit the ball!Everyone cheered for her. The week went on.Linda finished every task with.She even made a speech in front of the class on Friday.She talked about her experience:"I used to think I was lonely and different.But now I that everyone feels nervous sometimes.The important thing is to doing." After Growth Challenge Week,Linda became more confident.She started to join more school activities and made several good friends.She understood that isn't easy, but it can be full of fun if you are willing to try. A.excited B.lonely C.happy D.warm A.boring B.common C.special D.difficult A.first B.second C.last D.only A.forget B.remember C.learn D.teach A.interested B.surprised C.relaxed D.nervous A.catching B.missing C.throwing D.having A.sadness B.fear C.success D.trouble A.realize B.forget C.question D.decide A.stop B.keep C.hate D.avoid A.studying B.growing up C.making friends D.playing games 三、阅读短文回答问题 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Tom is a 13-year-old boy who loves playing the guitar.He started learning it two years ago.At first,his fingers hurt a lot and he could only play simple notes.His classmates sometimes laughed at him because he made many mistakes."You sound like a crying cat!"they said.Tom felt very sad and wanted to give up. His mother noticed his sadness.She said,"Tom,everyone starts from the beginning Even the best guitarist in the world once made mistakes.If you keep practicing,you will improve."Tom decided to follow his mother's advice.He practiced for at least one hour every day after school.He watched online lessons and learned from great players After six months,Tom could play a whole song without mistakes.He played it for his class during the music class.His classmates were amazed."Wow,Tom!You are so good!"they said.Tom felt proud and happy Now,Tom often plays the guitar at school parties.He also teaches some younger students.He tells them,"Don't be afraid of mistakes.The key is to keep trying and never give up." 1.Why did Tom feel sad and want to give up at first? 2.Who gave Tom advice to keep practicing? 3.How long did Tom practice every day after school? 4.What did Tom's classmates think of his guitar playing after six months? 5.What is the best title for this passage?(请用英文写出一个合适的标题 四、短文填空 根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次， 每空限填一个词，其中有两个词是多余的) change help real one friend they feel but advice alone because easy Making new friends is not always 1..When you move to a new school,you may 2.lonely.That's what happened to Mike last year. Mike's family moved to a new city 3.his father got a new job.On his 4. day at the new school,Mike sat 5.at lunch.He didn't know anyone.A boy named Peter came to him and said,"Hi!Would you like to sit with us?"Mike was surprised 6.happy.He joined Peter and his friends.They talked about sports and video games.Mike found that they shared many common interests. Peter gave Mike a lot of 7.about the school.He also introduced Mike to other classmates.Little by little,Mike made new 8.,He no longer felt lonely. Mike's experience taught him an important lesson.Sometimes,a small 9.in your life can bring you new chances.If you open your heart,you will find that people are ready to 10.you. 1. 2. 3 4. 5. 6. 7 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 话题：鼓励朋友 提示： 1.表达理解和安慰； 2.建议他如何应对考试失败（如：向老师请教、制定学习计划等）； 3.建议他如何结交新朋友（如：参加社团活动、主动与人交流等）； 4.表达你的支持和鼓励。 要求 1.语句通顺，语法正确，内容完整； 2.80词左右； 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Wang Qiang, Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 一、 阅读理 A篇：1.B2.C3.B4.C5.B 解 B篇：1.C2.B3.B4.C5.B 二、完形填 1.B;2.C;3.A;4.C;5.D;6.B;7.C;8.A;9.B;10.B 空 三、阅读短 1.Because his classmates laughed at him and he made many mistakes. 文回答问题 2.His mother. 3.At least one hour. 4.They thought he was very good./They were amazed. 5.Never Give Up/Tom's Guitar Story/Practice Makes Perfect(答案合理即可) 四、短文填 1.easy 2.feel 3.because 4.first 5.alone 6.but 7.advice 8.friends 9.change 空 10.help 五、写作 范文： Dear Wang Qiang, I'm sorry to hear that you failed the exam and feel lonely.I understand how you feel. But don't worry-you can do better next time.First,you can ask your teachers for help and make a study plan.Second,try to join a club or talk to classmates.They may become your good friends.Remember,you are not alone.I believe you will get through this.Keep trying! Yours, Li Hua