Unit 6 When disaster strikes（下）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（外研版）

Unit 6 When disaster strikes 知识点精讲（下） 。单元核心词汇 terrible search danger warning fashion uncomfortable encouraging university honor wound 。单元同步语法 过去进行时与一般过去时的用法区别 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.terrible/terebl/adj..可怕的；糟糕的 词形变化：terribly(adv.可怕地；非常)；terrify(v.使恐惧) 词根：terr-(表示"恐惧”) 例句：The weather is terrible today.今天天气很糟糕。 That movie was terrible.那部电影太可怕了。 2.search/s3:t圳v.ln.搜寻；搜索 词形变化：searches(第三人称单数)；searched(过去式/过去分词)；searching(现 在分词) 搭配：search for寻找；搜查；in search of寻找 例佝：They search for the lost cat..他们寻找丢失的猫。 The police made a search of the house.警察搜查了房子。 3.danger/dernd3a(r)/n.危险 词形变化：dangerous(adj.危险的)；endanger(N.危及) 搭配：in danger处于危险中；out of danger脱离危险 例句：The tiger is in danger..老虎处于危险中。 Swimming alone is dangerous.独自游泳是危险的。 4.warning/wo:nIn/n.警告；提醒 词形变化：warn(v.警告)；warned(过去式) 搭配：give a warning发出警告；without warning毫无预逃 例句：He gave me a warning about the ice.他提醒我注意冰面。 The warning sign says“Danger'”.警告牌上写着"危险”。 5.fashion/'faejn/n.时尚；流行款式 词形变化：fashionable(adj.时尚的)；unfashionable(adj.不时尚的) 搭配：in fashion流行；out of fashion过时 例佝：This dress is in fashion this year..这条裙子今年很流行。 She likes to follow fashion.她喜欢赶时髦。 6.uncomfortable /An'kAmftebl/adj.不舒服的；不自在的 词形变化：comfortable(adj.舒适的)；comfort(n.N.安慰；uncomfortably(acv.) 词缀：un-(否定前缀)+comfortable 例句：The chair is very uncomfortable.这把椅子很不舒服。 He felt uncomfortable in the new class.他在新班级里感到不自在： 7.encouraging /in'krd3rn/adj.令人鼓舞的；振奋人心的 词形变化：encourage(N.鼓励)；encouragement(n.鼓励)；encouragingly(adv.) 词根：courage(n.勇气) 搭配：encourage sb..to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 例佝：The teacher gave me an encouraging smile.老师给了我一个鼓励的微笑。 The results are encouraging.结果令人鼓舞。 8.university/ju:m'v3:seti/n.大学 词形变化：universities(复数)；college(同义词但范围小) 词根：uni-(一个)+vers(转)→综合大学 搭配：go to university上大学；at university在大学 例句：She wants to go to university..她想上大学。 He studies at a famous university.他在一所著名的大学学习。 9.honor/ona(r)/n.荣誉；荣幸v.尊敬；给予荣誉 词形变化：honorable(adj.光荣的)；honorably(acv.) 搭配：in honor of为了纪念；it's an honor to do sth.做某事很荣幸 例句：It's an honor to meet you.很荣幸见到您。 He won the honor of the class..他赢得了班级的荣誉。 10.wound /wu:nd/n.伤口；创伤v.使受伤 词形变化：wounded(adj.受伤的)；wounding(现在分词) 搭配：a deep wound深深的伤口；wound sb..伤害某人 例佝：He got a wound on his leg.他腿上受了伤。 The soldier was wounded in the battle.那名士兵在战斗中受伤了。 考点通关 单元词汇 （一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The weather is (terrible)cold today. 2.The police are (search)for the missing boy 3.Be careful!The snake is (danger). 4.The sign on the door says" "(warning). 5.This hat is out of (fashion)now. 6.1 feel (comfortable)in this tight shirt. 7.Her words are very (encourage) 8.My brother will go to (university)next year 9.It's a great (honor）to be chosen. 10.The doctor cleaned the (wound)carefully 11.Many animals are in (dangerous)because of pollution. 12.We should (honor)our parents （二)短文填空 Last weekend,I went to the zoo.The weather was 1. hot.I saw a sign that gave a 2. "Do not feed the animals."Some animals are in 3. because people don't care.The zookeepers 4._ for a lost monkey.They found it near a tree.The monkey had a small 5 on its arm.The keepers treated it.I felt 6. when I saw the hurt animal.But the good news is 7 More people are learning to protect animals.It is an 8. to help them.I hope one day I can study at a 9. and become a scientist.The zoo is a good place to learn about 10. in nature?No,it's about the beauty of life 参考答案 1.terribly;2.searching;3.dangerous;4.warning;5.fashion; (一)单句填空 6.uncomfortable;7.encouraging;8.university;9.honor;10.wound; 11.danger;12.honor 1.terribly;2.warning;3.danger;4.searched;5.wound;6.uncomfortable; (二)短文填空 7.encouraging;8.honor;9.university;10.fashion 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 过去进行时与一般过去时的用法区别 时态 定义 结构 常用时间状语 强调点 yesterday,last 表示过去某个时 night,in 2020, 主语+动词过 动作已完成或状 一般过去时 间发生的动作或 at7:00 去式 态已结束 存在的状态 yesterday evening at this time yesterday,at 表示过去某一时主语+ 8:00 last night, 过去进行时 动作正在进行， 刻或某段时间正 was/were+动 from 7 to 9 强调持续过程 在进行的动作 词-ing last night, when while 引导的时间状语 核心区别 一般过去时强调"做了什么事"，动作通常已结束。 过去进行时强调"当时正在做什么"，动作可能未完成，只描述过程。 经典对比 ①|read a book last night.(昨晚我（全程）读了一本书。一动作完成) ②|was reading a book at8:00 last night.(昨晚8点我正在读书。强调那一刻正 在进行) ②当while引导时间状语从句时，从句常用过去进行时，主句常用一般过去时。 While I was walking home,I saw a car accident. ③当when引导时间状语从句时，从句可用一般过去时或过去进行时，根据含义决定。 例：When I came in,she was sleeping.(我进来时她正在睡觉) 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：选择题(8题) 1.-What you at 7:00 last night? -I a movie. A.did;do;watched B.were;doing;was watching C.were;doing;watched 2.He his homework when his mother came home. A.did B.was doing C.is doing 3.-Did you see John yesterday? -Yes.I him in the park at 5:00 p.m. A.meet B.am meeting C.met 4.While I TV,the phone rang. A.watched B.was watching C.watch 5.They football on the playground from 4 to 5 yesterday. A.play B.were playing C.played 6.She to school at 8:00 this morning. A.walks B.is walking C.walked 7.-What you at 3:00 yesterday afternoon? -I a letter. A.did;do;wrote B.were;doing;was writing C.are;doing;write 8.When I the classroom,everyone a test. A.entered;were having B.was entering;had C.entered;was having 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给动词的适当形式填空（一般过去时或过去进行时） 1.1 (have)breakfast at 7:00 yesterday morning. 2.They (play)computer games when their father came back. 3.She (not do)her homework last night. 4.-What you (do)at 9:00 last night? 1 (read)a storybook. 5.While we (wait)for the bus,it started to rain. 6.He (fall)down when he (run)in the playground 7.My mother (cook)dinner while I (do)my homework 8.We (meet)our old friend last weekend. 9.- you (watch)TV when I called you? -Yes,I (watch)a talk show. 10.Lucy (write)an email when the power went out. 参考答案 语法专练一：选择题 1.B;2.B;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.C;7.B;8.C 1.had;2.were playing;3.didn't do;4.were;doing;was 语法专练二：语法填空 reading;5.were waiting;6.fell;was running;7.was cooking;was doing;8.met;9.Were;watching;was watching;10.was writing A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.She lost her right leg in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. 结构：主语+lost+宾语+in+时间/事件 中文：她在2008年汶川地震中失去了右腿。 短语：lose one'sIeg失去腿；the2008 Wenchuan earthquake2008年汶川地震 2.Niu Yu used to be in the school sports team. 结构：主语+used to+动词原形（过去常常做某事，现在不做了） 中文：牛雨曾经是学校运动队的成员。 短语：used to be曾经是；the school sports team学校运动队 3.She loved running. 结构：Iove+doing sth.喜欢做某事 中文：她喜欢跑步。 短语：love doing sth.喜欢做某事 4.She had to live with an artificial leg. 结构：have to+动词原形（不得不） 中文：她不得不带着假肢生活。 短语：have to do sth.不得不做某事；an artificial leg假肢 5.People's curious eyes made her even more uncomfortable. 结构：make+宾语+形容词比较级（使某人更..…） 中文：人们好奇的目光使她更加不舒服。 短语：curious eyes好奇的目光；even more uncomfortable更加不舒服 6.With the support of her family and friends,Niu Yu slowly came out of the shadows. 结构：Nith the support of+名词，主语+动词（在.支持下） 中文：在家人和朋友的支持下，牛雨慢慢走出了阴影。 短语：with the support of在…支持下；come out of the shadows走出阴影 7.She decided to stop hiding her leg. 结构：decide to do sth.决定做某事；stop doing sth.停止做某事 中文：她决定不再隐藏自己的腿。 短语：decide to do sth.决定做某事；stop doing sth.停止做某事 8.To her surprise,she received lots of encouraging words. 结构：To one's surprise,主语+动词（令某人惊讶的是） 中文：令她惊的是，她收到了许多鼓励的话。 短语：to one's surprise令某人惊讶的是；encouraging words鼓励的话语 9.She listened to disaster survivors and encouraged them to look forward. 结构：listen to sb.听某人说话；encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励谋人做某事 中文：她倾听灾难幸存者，并鼓励他们向前看。 短语：disaster survivors灾难幸存者；look forward向前看 (10.It is a great honour for me,but it is also a good chance to show people the power of being brave. 结构：tis+名词+for sb.+to do sth.(对某人来说做某事是.…) 中文：这对我来说是巨大的荣誉，也是一个向人们展示勇敢力量的好机会。 短语：a great honour莫大的荣普；a good chance to do sth.做某事的好机会； the power of being brave勇敢如的力量 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择 1.Niu Yu her right leg in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. A.lose B.lost C.loses D.losing 2.She to be in the school sports team. A.use B.used C.uses D.using 3.She loved A.run B.to run C.running D.runs 4.She had to with an artificial leg. A.living B.lives C.lived D,live 5.People's curious eyes made her A.comfortable B.more comfortable C.uncomfortable D.more uncomfortable the support of her family,she came out of the shadows. A.With B.Under C.For D.In 7.She decided hiding her leg. A.stop B.to stop C.stopping D.stopped 8. her surprise,she received lots of encouraging words. A.To B.For C.In D.On 9.She encouraged them forward. A.look B.looking C.to look D.looked 10.It is a good chance people the power of being brave. A.show B.to show C.showing D.shows 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示写出英文，每空一词） 1她在汶川地震中失去了腿。 She her leg in the Wenchuan 2.她曾经是学校运动队的成员。 She be in the school sports team. 3她喜欢跑步。 She loved 4.她不得不带着假肢生活。 She had to an artificial leg. 5.那使她更加不舒服。 That her even uncomfortable. 6在家人支持下，她走出了阴影。 the support of her family,she came of the shadows. 7她决定不再隐藏她的腿。 She decided to her leg. 8.令她惊讶的是，她收到了许多鼓励的话。 her she received lots of encouraging words. 9.她鼓励他们向前看。 She them to look 10这是一个展示勇敢力量的好机会。 It is a good to show the of being brave 练习三：翻译句子（将中文翻译成英文，每句写在一行横线上） 1她在2008年汶川川地震中失去了右腿。 2.她曾经喜欢跑步。 3.她不得不带着假肢生活。 4.人们好奇的目光使她更加不舒服。 5.在家人和朋友的支持下，她走出了阴影。 6她决定不再隐藏自己的腿。 7.令她惊讶的是，她收到了许多鼓励的话语。 8她鼓励灾难幸存者向前看。 9.传递火炬是一个巨大的荣誉。 10.我们应该勇敢地面对灾难。 参考答案 练习一：单项选择 1.B 2.B 3.c 4.D 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.c 10.B 1.lost;earthquake 2.used to 3.running 4.live with 5.made;more 练习二：完成句子 6.With;out 7.stop hiding 8.To;surprise 9.encouraged;forward 10.chance;power 1.She lost her right leg in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. 2.She used to love running. 3.She had to live with an artificial leg. 4.People's curious eyes made her even more uncomfortable. 5.With the support of her family and friends,she came out 练习三：翻译句子 of the shadows. 6.She decided to stop hiding her leg. 7.To her surprise,she received lots of encouraging words 8.She encouraged disaster survivors to look forward. 9.Carrying the torch is a great honor. 10.We should face disasters with courage. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 In 2010,a terrible earthquake hit Haiti.Many buildings fell down and thousands of people lost their lives.Among the survivors was a young boy named Jean.He was trapped under a fallen wall for nearly three days.When rescuers found him,he was weak but still alive. Jean was taken to a hospital.He had lost his left leg.For a long time,he felt sad and angry.He thought his life would never be the same.He refused to talk to anyone and hid himself in his room. One day,a nurse named Maria came to him.She showed him a photo of herself running a marathon."I also lost my leg in an accident ten years ago,"she said."But I didn't give up.Now I run every day."Jean looked at the photo and felt a spark of hope.He decided to try. With Maria's help,Jean started learning to walk with an artificial leg.It was painful and difficult.Sometimes he fell,but he always got up again.After six months,he could walk slowly.Two years later,he even finished a 5-kilometer race. Now Jean works as a volunteer.He visits hospitals and talks to people who have lost their limbs."A disaster can take away your leg,but it can't take away your courage," he says.His story has inspired many people around the world. ()1.How did Li Hua feel on the first day of school? A.Happy. B.Nervous. C.Excited. D.Angry. ()2.What did Zhang Mei do to help Li Hua? A.She gave her a book. B.She taught her to play basketball. C.She bought her lunch. D.She wrote a letter to her. ()3.What do Li Hua and Zhang Mei both like? A.Playing basketball. B.Reading. C.Playing the piano. D.Drawing. ()4.What can we learn from the passage? A.Making friends is difficult. B.A good friend can make school life better. C.Li Hua is better at sports than Zhang Mei. D.Zhang Mei is a teacher at the school. B篇 Natural disasters like earthquakes,floods,and typhoons happen all over the world. They can cause great damage,but people also show great courage when facing them. Here are some examples. In 2008,a huge earthquake hit Wenchuan,China.Many schools and homes were destroyed.Thousands of people were trapped under the ruins.But rescuers worked day and night to save them.Some survivors lost their limbs,but they didn't give up. They learned to live with artificial legs and arms.Some even became athletes.Their stories teach us that life can still be beautiful after a disaster. Floods are also common in some areas.In 2021,heavy rain caused terrible floods in Henan,China.Water rushed into subway stations and streets.People helped each other.Some used ropes to pull others out of the water.Strangers opened their doors to those who lost their homes.These acts of kindness warmed everyone's hearts. Typhoons often hit coastal cities.During a typhoon,strong winds can blow down trees and damage houses.But people prepare well.They store food and water,stay indoors, and check weather reports.Thanks to modern technology,warnings are sent out in time,and many lives are saved. From these examples,we can see that disasters are powerful,but human spirit is even more powerful.Together,we can face any challenge. ()1.What happened to some survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake? A.They lost their homes and families. B.They became athletes with artificial limbs C.They became rescuers themselves. D.They moved to other cities. ()2.What did people do during the Henan floods in 2021? A.They stayed in subway stations. B.They used modern technology to stop the flood. C.They helped each other and offered shelter. D.They waited for the government to save them. ()3.How do people prepare for typhoons according to the passage? A.They build stronger houses. B.They store supplies and stay indoors. C.They run away to safe places. D.They call the rescuers in advance. ()4.What does the writer think of human spirit compared to disasters? A.Disasters are more powerful. B.Human spirit is more powerful. C.They are equally powerful. D.It depends on the situation. ()5.What is the best title for this passage? A.How to Prepare for Natural Disasters B.The Power of Human Spirit in Disasters C.Famous Disasters in History D.The Importance of Modern Technology 二、完形填空 Niu Yu was only 11 years old when the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake 1. her right leg.For years,she felt 2.about her artificial leg.She tried to hide it under long pants or dresses.People's 3.eyes made her even more uncomfortable. But with the 4. of her family and friends,she slowly came out of the shadow. In 2018,right before her 21st birthday,she decided to 5.hiding her leg.She posted a photo of herself online.To her 6.,she received lots of encouraging words.People said she was 7. In 2021,Niu Yu walked on the catwalk during Shanghai Fashion Week.Her iron leg was 8. for everyone to see.She looked confident and beautiful.Later,she also finished a half marathon in about four hours.She 9.the hard 10-year journey of finding herself again. Now,Niu Yu shares her story on social media.She listens to disaster survivors and 10. them to look forward."A disaster can bring wounds and pain,"she says. "But we should always face them with courage." A.took away B.took off C.took up D.took in A.excited B.proud C.uncomfortable D.interested A.friendly B.curious C.careless D.angry A.help B.support C.money D.advice A.start B.stop C.continue D.enjoy A.surprise B.joy C.sadness D.fear A.ugly B.strange C.brave D.shy A.covered B.hidden C.shown D.forgotten A.began B.completed C.planned D.failed A.encourages B.forces C.orders D.allows 三、阅读短文回答问题 When a disaster strikes,animals also suffer.In 2022,a huge flood hit Pakistan.Many villages were under water.People had to leave their homes.But some of them didn't forget to take their animals.A farmer named Ali saved his two cows by swimming with them for three hours."They are like family,he said. In another village,a group of volunteers used boats to rescue dogs and cats.They gave food and first aid to the animals.Many animals lost their owners.The volunteers set up a temporary shelter for them. Some animals are trained to help in disasters.Rescue dogs can find people trapped under ruins.In Turkey,a rescue dog named Proteo found a little girl after an earthquake.She was alive after being buried for 36 hours.The dog worked non-stop for two days. Governments also care about animals during disasters.In Japan,there are special shelters where people can bring their pets.In China,animal rescue teams work together with human rescue teams. These stories show that all lives are important.Protecting animals is also protecting ourselves. 1.What did Ali do during the flood in Pakistan? 2.What did the volunteers do for the animals? 3.How did Proteo help in the earthquake in Turkey? 4.What can people do in Japan when a disaster happens? 5.What does the writer think of protecting animals? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。） courage,final,hope,lose,save,they,terrible,until,when,wound After the earthquake,many people were 1. under the ruins.The rescuers worked day and night 2.they found all the survivors.A young woman named Li Hua was trapped for two days.She had a serious 3.on her leg,but she didn't give up.She kept singing 4.to herself. When the rescuers 5. found her,she was weak but still alive.They carried her out carefully.Later,she 6. a leg because of the injury.However,she didn't lose 7. She learned to use an artificial leg and 8.became a marathon runner. "The 9. experience taught me that life is precious,"she said."We should never 10. hope."Her story inspires many people to face difficulties 11. courage. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 心 9. 10. 11. 五、写作 话题：Overcoming Difficulties 提示： 1.你遇到过什么困难？ 2.你是如何克服它的？ 3.你从这个经历中学到了什么？ 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、 阅读理 A篇：1.B2.B3.B4.C5.C 解 B篇：1.B2.C3.B4.B5.B 二、完形填 空 1.A;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.A;7.C;8.C;9.B;10.A 1.swimming with them for three hours 2.gave them food and first aid set up a temporary shelter for them 三、阅读短 文回答问题 3.found a little girl who was buried for 36 hours 4.special shelters for pets 5.important valuable 四、短文填 1.trapped 2.until 3.wound 4.courage 5.finally 6.lost 7.hope 8.even 9. 空 terrible 10.lose 11.with 五、写作 范文： When I was in Grade 7,I was very poor at English.I couldn't remember words and my pronunciation was terrible.I felt sad and wanted to give up.But my teacher encouraged me.She said,"Practice makes perfect." So I started to read English aloud every morning.I also listened to English songs and watched movies.Little by little,I made progress.Now I can speak English confidently. This experience taught me that difficulties are not scary if we face them bravely.With hard work and help from others,we can overcome anything.