Unit 6 When disaster strikes（上）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（外研版）

Unit 6 When disaster strikes 知识点精讲（上） 。单元核心词汇 lost scared shocking shut;straight;thick shower historical reaction service ⊙单元同步语法 过去进行时 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.lost /pst/adj.迷路的；丢失的；失去的 词形变化：lose(.丢失；失去)→lost(过去式/过去分词)；loss(n.损失) 搭配：get lost迷路；be lost in沉迷于；lost and found失物招领处 例句：I got lost in the big city..我在大城市里迷路了。 2.scared/skeed/adj.害怕的；恐惧的 词形变化：scare(N.使害怕)；scary(ad.吓人的) 搭配：be scared of..害怕..；scared to death吓得要死 例佝：She is scared of snakes.她害怕蛇。 3.shocking/'jok虹n/adj..令人震惊的；骇人听闻的 词形变化：shock(v.ln.震惊)；shocked(adj.感到震惊的) 搭配：shocking news令人震惊的消息；a shocking accident骇人的事故 例佝：The story was shocking.那个故事令人震惊。 4.shut/tv.关闭；关上 词形变化：shut(过去式/过去分词同原形；shutting(现在分词) 搭配：shut down关闭（工厂、电脑等）；shut up闭嘴；shut off关掉（水、电 等) 例句：Please shut the window..请把窗户关上。 5.straight/strert/adw.直接地；adj.直的 词形变化：straighten(v.弄直) 搭配：go straight直走；straight away立刻；straight line直线 例佝：Turn left and go straight.左转然后直走。 6.thick/Ik/ad.厚的；浓密的；浓的 词形变化：thickness(n.厚度)；thicken(v.变厚) 搭配：thick fog浓雾；thick hair浓密的头发；a thick book一本厚书 例佝：The ice is very thick.冰很厚。 7 shower/'ja(r)ln.阵雨；淋浴；v.下阵雨；淋浴 词形变化：showery(adj.阵雨的) 搭配：take/have a shower洗淋浴；a heavy shower一阵大雨 例句：I take a shower before breakfast.我早餐前洗个淋浴。 8.historical/hr'stprkl/adj.历史的；有关历史的 词根词缀：history(n.历史)+ical(形容词后缀) 搭配：historical event历史事件；historical building历史建筑 例句：This is a historical museum.这是一个历史博物馆。 9.reaction/ri'ek n/n.反应；回应 词根词缀：react(v.反应)+ion(名词后缀 搭配：reaction to..对.的反应；in reaction to..作为对.的反应 例佝：hat was your reaction to the news?你对这个消，息的反应是什么？ 10.service/'s3vIs/n.服务；服役；服务性工作 词形变化：serve(N.服务)；servant(n.仆人) 搭配：customer service客户服务；room service客房服务；in service在使用中 例佝：The service in this hotel is excellent..这家酒店的服务很棒。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一）单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.He (lose)his keys yesterday 2.The little girl is (scare)of the dark 3.The news is (shock).Nobody can believe it. 4.Please (shut)the door when you leave. 5.Walk (straight)along this road,and you'll see the bank. 6.The book is very (thick).It has 300 pages. 7.It is raining.I need to take a _(shower)later. 8.The (history)building is more than 200 years old 9.Her (react)to the question was very quick. 10.The (serve)at the restaurant is slow today 11.Don't get (lose)in the forest,it's dangerous. 12.The snake is (scare).I don't want to see it. 13.He was (shock)by the bad news. 14.The shop (shut)at 9 p.m.every day 15.He has (thick)hair than his brother (二)短文填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） Last weekend,I went to a big city with my parents.We got 1. on the way.I was a little 2. but my father told us to stay calm.We asked a policeman for help.He said,"Go 3. and turn left.Finally we found our hotel.The hotel was a 4. building.The room was small but clean.I took a 5. and then went to dinner.The 6. in the hotel restaurant was very good. However,the price was a bit 7. We ate some 8. soup and bread.After dinner,we 9. the door and went to sleep.My parents had a strong 10. to the city,saying it was very beautiful.What a day! 参考答案 1.lost;2.scared;3.shocking;4.shut;5.straight;6.thick;7.shower; (一)单句填空 8.historical;9.reaction;10.service;11.lost;12.scary;13.shocked; 14.shuts;15.thicker 1.lost;2.scared;3.straight;4.historical;5.shower;6.service; (二)短文填空 7.shocking;8.thick;9.shut;10.reaction 教材同步语法全解全练 重点4 单元语法 过去进行时 项目 内容 表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行 定义 的动作。 结构 主语+was/were+动词-ing+其他 at that time,at 8 o'clock yesterday,at 时间状语 this time last night,when/while1导的 从句等 肯定句 I was reading at 9 p.m.yesterday. 否定句 在was/were后加not:She was not sleeping then. 疑问句 将was/were提到主语前：Nere they playing football? ①与when连用：when后常用一般过去 时，主句用过去进行时（长动作被短动作打 特殊用法 断) ②与while连用：while后常用过去进行 时，表示两个动作同时进行 直接加-ing(play一→playing)、去e加-ing 常见动词-ing变化 (make→making)、双写未尾字母加-ing (run→running) 注意：过去进行时强调动作“正在进行”，一般过去时强调动作“已完成”。 例：I was writing a letter at8p.m.(正在写，未完成) I wrote a letter last night.(写完了) 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8小题) 1.I breakfast when the phone rang. A.have B.was having C.had 2.They a football match at 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon. A.watch B.were watching C.watched 3.-What you doing at this time last Sunday? -I playing chess with my dad. A.were;was B.was;were C.are;am 4.While the children games,their mother was cooking. A.play B.played C.were playing 5.She didn't hear the doorbell because she to music. A.listens B.was listening C.is listening 6.When I saw him,he a book under the tree. A.reads B.was reading C.is reading 7.It heavily at 8 o'clock last night. A.rains B.was raining C.rained 8.-Where was Tom? -He in the library. A.studies B.was studying C.studied 语法专练二：语法填空(10小题) 用所给动词的适当形式填空（注意使用过去进行时或一般过去时）。 1.Yesterday evening,I (do)my homework at 7:30. 2.Suddenly,my friend Jack (call)me. 3.He (ask)me to play basketball. 4.At that time,I (not finish)my homework yet. 5.So1 (tell)him I couldn't go. 6.While we (talk), 7.my mother (come)in with some fruit. 8.She (smile) 9.and (say),"Take a break" 10.1 (feel)very happy then. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.B;3.A;4.C;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.B 语法专练二：语法填空 1.was doing;2.called;3.asked;4.was not finishing;5. told;6.were talking;7.came;8.smiled;9.said;10.felt 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 I was sleeping when the ground shook very hard. 结构：主语+was/were doing+when+一般过去时从句 中文：我正睡着，这时地面剧烈震动。 说明：When表示"正在突然" ,强调动作的打断。 2.My mother rushed into my room to wake me up. 结构：rush into+地点+to do sth.冲进.做某事 中文：我妈妈冲进我的房间叫醒我。 短语：rush into冲进；wake sb.up叫醒某人 3.We had to stay outside for the night. 结构：have to+动词原形不得不做某事 中文：我们不得不整晚待在外面。 短语：for the night整晚；stay outside待在外面 4.She didn't shut her eyes for even one second. 结构：didn't+动词原形否定过去动作 中文：她甚至连一秒钟都没合眼。 短语：shut one's eyes合上眼睛；for one second一秒钟 5.We decided to leave the town. 结构：decide to do sth.决定做某事 中文：我们决定离开小镇。 6.The road was crowded. 结构：主语+be+形容词描述状态 中文：路上很拥挤。 短语：was crowded拥挤的 7.Our coach couldn't go straight ahead.It began to move from side to side. 结构：couldn't+动词原形不能做某事；begin to do sth.开始做某事 中文：我们的马车不能直行。它开始左右摇晃。 短语：go straight ahead直行；from side to side左右地 8.The sea moved back suddenly,and many sea animals were left on the sand. 结构：并列句，and连接两个过去时句子 中文：海水突然后退，许多海洋动物被留在沙滩上。 短语：move back后退；be left on..被留在..上 9.My mother asked me to continue without her,but I refused to leave her behind. 结构：ask sb..to do sth.要求某人做某事；refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 中文：我妈妈让我自己继续走，但我拒绝把她丢下。 短语：leave sb.behind把某人抛在后面 (10.It turned day into night. 结构：turn+宾语+into+名词把.变成. 中文：它把白天变成了黑夜。 11.The air was thick with smoke and ash began to fall in heavy showers. 结构：be thick with..充满；ash began to fall灰开始落下 中文：空气中弥漫着浓烟，灰烬开始像暴雨一样落下。 短语：in heavy showers像暴雨一样（大量地） 12.People were trying to find their families in the dark. 结构：were trying to do sth.过去进行时，正在试图做某事 中文：人们正试图在黑暗中寻找家人。 13.Everything was covered in ash,like the snow in winter. 结构：be covered in..被..覆盖 中文：一切都被灰烬覆盖，像冬天的雪一样。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一： 单项选择（共10小题） 1.I was sleeping the ground shook very hard. A.when B.while C.after D.before 2.My mother rushed my room to wake me up. A.into B.out C.from D.on 3.We stay outside for the whole night. A.had to B.must C.can D.need 4.She didn't shut her eyes one second. A.at B.for C.in D,with 5.We decided the town. A.leave B.to leave C.leaving D.left 6.The coach began to move side to side. A.from B.to C.at Din 7.My mother asked me without her. A.continue B.continuing C.to continue D.continued 8.I refused to leave her A.behind B.after C.back D,out 9.The cloud turned day night. A.into B.to C.from D.in 10.Everything was in ash. A.covered B.covering C.cover D.to cover 练习二：完成句子（每空一词，共10小题） 1地面剧烈震动。 The ground shook very 2.我妈妈冲进我的房间叫醒我。 My mother my room to wake me up 3.她甚至连一秒钟都没合眼。 She didn't her eyes for even one second. 4.我们决定离开小镇。 We decided the town. 5.马车不能直行。 The coach couldn't go 6.海水突然后退。 The sea moved suddenly 7我拒绝把她丢下。 I refused to her 8.它把白天变成了黑夜。 It day night. 9.空气中弥漫着浓烟。 The air was smoke. 10.一切都被灰烬覆盖。 Everything was ash. 练习三：翻译句子（每句一条下划线，共8小题） 1我正睡着，这时地面剧烈震动。 2我们不得不整晚待在外面。 3.路上很拥挤。 4许多海洋动物被留在沙滩上。 5我妈妈让我自己继续走。 6.人们正试图在黑暗中寻找家人。 7灰烬牙开始像暴雨一样落下。 8雨后天晴了，我们什么也不想。 参考答案 1.A 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B 练习一：单项选择 6.A 7.c 8.A 9.A 10.A 1.hard 2.rushed into 3.shut 4.to leave 5.straight ahead 练习二：完成句子 6.back 7.leave;behind 8.turned;into 9.thick with 10.covered in 1.I was sleeping when the ground shook very hard. 2.We had to stay outside for the night. 3.The road was crowded. 4.Many sea animals were left on the sand. 练习三：翻译句子 5.My mother asked me to continue without her. 6.People were trying to find their families in the dark. 7.Ash began to fall in heavy showers. 8.After the rain,the sky cleared and we had no thoughts of things to come. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 On August 24,79 AD,Mount Vesuvius erupted and destroyed the Roman city of Pompeii.For centuries,the city lay buried under ash and rock.In 1748,people started digging and found it again.Today,Pompeii is one of the most famous archaeological (考古的)sites in the world. The eruption was a terrible disaster.The volcano sent a huge cloud of ash and gas into the sky.Then,hot ash and rocks came down the mountain at 100 miles per hour. People in Pompeii had no time to run.They were buried under 20 feet of ash. What makes Pompeii so special is that the ash preserved (many things perfectly. We can see the remains of buildings,streets,and even people.When the ash covered bodies,it left hollow spaces.Scientists pour plaster()into these spaces to make models of the people in their last moments.Some people were sitting,some were running,and some were holding each other. Pompeii gives us a clear picture of Roman life.We see bakeries with bread still in ovens,shops with goods on shelves,and a theatre that could hold 5,000 people. Graffiti (on walls tells us about the hopes and jokes of ordinary people.It's like a time capsule from 2,000 years ago. Today,tourists from all over the world visit Pompeii.They walk on the same streets that Romans walked on.They see how people lived,worked,and played.But they also remember how quickly disaster can strike. ()1.What made Pompeii disappear in 79 AD? A.An earthquake. B.A flood. C.A volcanic eruption. D.A fire. ()2.Why can scientists make models of people in Pompeii? A.Because the ash left hollow spaces around the bodies. B.Because the people were made of stone. C.Because the bodies were perfectly kept in the air. D.Because the volcano turned people into statues. ()3.What does the underlined word "preserved"in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Destroyed.B.Kept safe. C.Moved away.D.Changed. ()4.According to the passage,what makes Pompeii special as a time capsule? A.It had the biggest theatre in Roman times. B.It shows the remains of daily Roman life. C.It is the oldest city in the world. D.It has the tallest building in ancient Italy. ()5.What is the main purpose of this passage? A.To tell how to visit Pompeii. B.To explain how volcanoes work. C.To introduce Pompeii and its historical value. D.To compare Pompeii with modern cities. B篇 Earthquakes happen when the Earth's plates()move suddenly.Most earthquakes are small and we can't feel them.But big ones can be very dangerous.Here are some safety tips: Before an earthquake: Prepare an emergency bag with water,food,a flashlight,and a first-aid kit(急救包)， Make a family plan.Know where to meet after an earthquake. During an earthquake: If you are indoors,stay there.Drop,Cover,and Hold On.Get under a strong table or desk.Cover your head and neck.Hold on to something stable until the shaking stops. If you are outside,stay away from buildings,trees,and power lines.Find an open area. If you are in a car,stop safely.Stay inside your car. After an earthquake: Check yourself and others for injuries ()Give first aid if needed. )Move to an open area.Be careful of aftershocks(余震)， Listen to the radio for safety information Remember,staying calm is very important.Panic (can cause more problems. Practice earthquake drills with your family.Knowing what to do can save your life. ()1.What should you do first during an earthquake if you are indoors? A.Run outside quickly. B.Hide under a strong table. C.Call your family. D.Stand near a window. ()2.Why is it important to have an emergency bag before an earthquake? A.Because you need to bring it to school. B.Because it gives you necessary supplies after the earthquake. C.Because it is a gift from the government. D.Because you can sell it for money. ()3.What can we learn from the passage? A.Earthquakes always happen in daytime B.Staying calm is very important during an earthquake. C.You should run as fast as you can during an earthquake. D.Aftershocks are not dangerous. 二、完形填空 Last summer,I went to Japan with my parents.One afternoon,we were 1. in a shopping mall when the ground 2.to shake.At first,I thought it was my imagination.But then,the lights above us started swinging )People around us looked 3. Some screamed. "Earthquake!"my father shouted.He 4.my hand and pulled me under a strong table.My mother followed us.We 5.there for what felt like a long time. Things were falling and breaking around us.My heart was beating 6. After the shaking stopped,we came out.The mall was a mess.Some shelves had fallen down.Glass was everywhere.People were trying to 7.the building calmly.We followed the signs to the nearest exit. Outside,many people were gathering in an open square.Some were crying.Others 8. on their phones,trying to call their families.My father also tried to call,but the phone lines were busy. We waited for about two hours.Then we heard an announcement that a big aftershock 9.come.We moved to a safer place.10. no one in our family was hurt.We were lucky. This experience taught me how 11. an earthquake can be.It also taught me the importance of staying calm 12. difficult times. A.shopping B.shop C.shopped D.shops A.begins B.began C.beginning D.begun A.scare B.scared C.scary D.scaring A.caught B.catches C.is catching D.catch A.stayed B.were staying C.stay D.are staying A.fast B.faster C.fastest D.the fastest A.leave B.left C.leaving D.leaves A.talk B.talked C.were talking D.are talking A.can B.could C.must D.should A.Lucky B.Luck C.Luckier D.Luckily A.dangerous B.dangerously C.danger D.dangers A.during B.between C.among D.through 三、阅读短文回答问题 A 12-year-old boy named Tian Yu saved the lives of 18 people after a massive earthquake hit his hometown in 2010.The earthquake destroyed many houses,and Tian Yu's own home fell down.He was trapped under stones but managed to dig himself out. After getting out,Tian Yu heard crying from the ruins.He ran to the sound and saw a girl trapped under a fallen wall.Using his small hands,he moved the stones one by one.His hands were bleeding,but he didn't stop.After half an hour,he freed the girl. Then he continued to search for more people.He saved 17 more people that day. When asked why he risked his life,Tian Yu said,"I was scared,but I knew people needed help.I couldn't just stand there."His story spread quickly across the country. People called him a "little hero" Later,Tian Yu became a firefighter after growing up.He said,"I want to help more people in danger.That day taught me that even a small person can make a big difference." 1.How old was Tian Yu when the earthquake happened? 2.What was the first thing Tian Yu did after he got out of the ruins? 3.How many people did Tian Yu save in total on that day? 4.Why did Tian Yu continue to help others even though he was scared? 5.What did Tian Yu become after he grew up? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词) realize sudden help shake cover brave they safe feel mother The earthquake was so strong that everything was 1. I was at home with my 2. when it started.She pushed me under the table quickly.My heart 3. very fast.After the shaking stopped,we 4.that many houses had fallen down. We went outside and saw people 5. with each other.Some were crying for 6. families.My mother held my hand and said,"Be 7..We will get through this." Then,a big aftershock came.We ran to an open field.The ground was still 8. We stayed there for hours.Finally,9.workers arrived.They gave us food and water.We were 10. at last. That night,I learned that in a disaster,love and courage are the most powerful things 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 话题：A Natural Disaster Experience 提示： 1.What natural disaster did you experience or hear about? 2.What happened during the disaster? 3.How did people feel and what did they do? 4.What did you learn from it? 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、阅读理 A篇：1.C2.A3.B4.B5.C 解 B篇：1.B2.B3.B 二、完形填 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.A;5.A;6.A;7.A;8.C;9.B;10.D;11.A;12. 空 习 1.He was 12 years old. 2.He heard crying and ran to save a girl./He saved a girl trapped under a 三、阅读短 fallen wall 文回答问题 3.He saved 18 people (1 +17). 4.Because he knew people needed help. 5.He became a firefighter. 四、短文填 1.shaking 2.mother 3.beat was beating 4.realized 5.helping 6.their 7. 空 brave 8.shaking 9.safety 10.safe 五、写作 范文： A Natural Disaster Experience Last year,a terrible flood hit my hometown.I was at school when it started.The rain poured down for hours,and soon the streets were full of water.We had to stay on the serond floor Evewne was scared some children cried The teachers comforted usand