Unit 5 Play by the rules（下）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（外研版）

Unit 5 Play by the rules? 知识点精讲（下） 。单元核心词汇 personal private address avoid careless aware cheat behave ⊙单元同步语法 不定式表目的与for/so that表目的的转换 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.personal/'p3:senl/adj..个人的；私人的 词形变化：personally(adw.亲自地；就个人而言) 词根词缀：person(人)+-al(形容词后缀) 搭配：personal information个人信息 例句：Don't ask about his personal life.不要问他的个人生活。 2.private/'prarvet/adj.私人的；私密的 词形变化：privately(adv.私下地) 词根词缀：priv(单独)+-ate(形容词后缀) 搭配：in private私下地 例佝：This is a private conversation.这是一次私人谈话。 3.address/a'dres/n.地址；v.演讲；处理 词形变化：addresses(复数/第三人称单数；addressed(过去式/过去分词) 搭配：home address家庭住址；address the problem处理问题 例句：Please write your email address.请写你的电子邮件地址。 4.avoid/e'vord/v.避免；回避 词形变化：avoids(三单)；avoided(过去式/过去分词)；avoiding(现在分词) 搭配：avoid doing sth.避免做某事 例句：You should avoid making the same mistake.你应该避免犯同样的错误。 5.careless/keeles/,adj.粗心的；不v心的 词形变化：carelessly(adw.粗心地)；carelessness(n.粗心) 词根词缀：care(关心)+-ess(无的) 搭配：be careless about对.粗心 例佝：He is a careless driver.他是个粗心的司机。 对比：careful(adj.仔细的)；take care of照顾 6.aware/awe(r)ladj.知道的；意识到的 词形变化：awareness(n.意识) 搭配：be aware of意识到 例佝：Ne should be aware of the danger.我们应该意识到危险。 7.cheat/t:tv.作弊；骗；n.骗子 词形变化：cheats(三单)；cheated(过去式/过去分词)；cheating(现在分词)； cheater(n.骗子) 搭配：cheat in the exam考试作弊 例句：Don't cheat in the test.不要在考试中作弊。 8.behave/br'heIv/v.行为；表现；守规矩 词形变化：behaves(三单)；behaved(过去式/过去分词)；behaving(现在分词)； behavior(n.行为) 搭配：behave well/badly表现好/差；behave oneself守规矩 例句：You should behave yourself at the party.在派对上你应该守规矩。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.This is my (person)information 2.The dog is very (care).It always watches the road. 3.He (address)the letter to his friend yesterday. 4.You should (avoid)talking in the library. 5.She is (aware)of the problem now. 6.Never (cheat)in the exam. 7.The students (behave)well in class. 8.Do you know his (private)phone number? 9.He made a (care)mistake. 10.I am (aware)of his feeling. 11.They are (cheat)in the game.It's wrong 12.1 live at a different (address)from him. (二)短文填空 We should be careful with our 1. (person)information.Don't tell others your 2. (private)address or phone number.3. (avoid)giving them to strangers.Some people may 4. (cheat)you.If you are 5 (care),you will lose things.Always 6. (behave)well and be 7. (aware)of danger.8. (take)care of yourself.Don't be 9. (care) Remember:safety first!Good 10. (lucky)to you! 参考答案 1.personal;2.careful;3.addressed;4.avoid;5.aware;6.cheat; (一）单句填空 7.behave/are behaving(均可)；8.private;9.careless;:10.aware; 11.cheating;12.address 1.personal;2.private;3.Avoid;4.cheat;5.careless;6.behave;7.aware; (二)短文填空 8.Take;9.careless;10.luck A 教材同步语法全解全练 重点3 单元语法 不定式表目的与for/so that表目的的转换 用法 结构 例句 转换说明 She studies hard to 最直接的目的表达， 不定式表目的 to+动词原形 pass the exam. 动作性强。 She studies hard 常接名词；接动名词 for+名词（或动名 for+名词/for+ for passing the 时不如不定式常见， 词)表目的 doing exam.She studies 但语法正确。 hard for the exam. so that+主语+ She studies hard so 后接完整从句，可强 so that从句表目的 can/could+动词原 that she can pass 调"为了能 形 the exam. 够”。 转换要点 1.不定式一for+名词：去掉to,动词改为名词（或动名词）。 例：I go to the park to play basketball..一I go to the park for basketball.. 2.不定式so that从句：保持原意，从句主语与主句一致，谓语用can/could+动词原 形。 例：He runs fast to win the race.→He runs fast so that he can win the race. 注意 for+动名词（如for playing)虽可表示目的，但更常指用途或原因，如"This knife is for cutting bread." 考试中目的状语首选不定式，其次for+名词，so that用于明确表示"以便”。 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：目的表达选择题(8题) 1.1 got up early the early bus. A.catch B.to catch C.for catch D.catching 2.He practices speaking English his oral skills. A.improve B.to improve C.for improve D.improving 3.They work hard money to buy a house. A.save B.to save C.for save D.saving 4.She turned on the light the room brighter. A.make B.to make C.for make D.making 5.We study hard we can get good grades. A.so that B.in order C.for D.to 6.He went to the bookstore a dictionary. A.to buy B.for buying C.buy D.buying 7.The teacher speaks slowly the students can follow. A.so that B.to C.for D.in order 8.She took a taxi late for the meeting A.not to be B.to not be C.for not be D.so that not 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给词的正确形式填空（动词需考虑不定式、动名词或so that引导词）。 1.He called his mother (tell)her the good news. 2.They saved money_ (buy)a new car. 3.She studies hard (get)a scholarship. 4.I went to the train station (meet)my friend. 5.He exercises every day (keep)healthy. 6.We turned on the fan (cool)the room. 7.She wrote down the address (not forget)it. 8.They left early (catch)the first train. 9.He spoke loudly (make)everyone hear him. 10.We use a key (open)the door. 参考答案 语法专练一：目的表达选 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.A;7.A;8.A 择题 1.to tell;2.to buy;3.to get;4.to meet;5.to keep;6. 语法专练二：语法填空 to cool;7.not to forget;8.to catch;9.to make;10.to open 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.Keep personal information private. 结构：祈使句（动词原形研头） 中文：保持个人信息私密。 用法：用于给出建议或指令。 2.Avoid posting personal information online. 结构：avoid+doing sth.避免做某事 中文：避免在网上发布个人信息。 3.This includes your full name,phone number,address,ID or passport number. 结构：主语+include+宾语 中文：这包括你的全名、电话号码、地址、身份证或护照号码。 4.Only people you know should see your information. 结构：Only+名词代词+should+动词原研形 中文：只有你认识的人才应该看到你的信息。 5.It's important to use a "strong and long"password. 结构：t's+形容词+to do sth.做某事是.的 中文：使用“强壮且长”的密码很重要。 6.Don't use words that are easy to guess,like your birthday. 结构：Dont+动词原形（否定祈使句） 中文：不要使用容易猜到的词，比如你的生日。 7.Change it often and don't be careless. 结构：祈使句+and+祈使句 中文：经常更换它，不要粗心大意。 8.Never meet online strangers in real life. 结构：Never+动词原形（否定祈使句，语气更强） 中文：永远不要在网上见陌生人。 (9.Only spend time online with trusted friends. 结构：Only+动词原形+其他 中文：只与可信赖的朋友在网上共度时间。 10.Think carefully before posting something online. 结构：Think+副词+before+doing sth. 中文：在网上发布东西之前仔细思考。 11.Words sometimes hurt people and you can make enemies. 结构：主语+hurt+宾语；make enemies树敌 中文：言语有时会伤害人，你可能会树敌。 12.Remember that behaving badly online has costs. 结构：Remember that+从句 中文：记住在网上表现不好会有代价。 13.If you find yourself in hot water,don't answer any bad messages. 结构：f+条件状语从句，主句用祈使句 短语：in hot water陷入麻烦 中文：如果你发现自己陷入麻烦，不要回复任何不良信息。 14.Instead,turn to your parents,teachers or other trusted adults for help. 结构：turn to sb.for help向某人求助 中文：相反，向你的父母、老师或其他可信任的成年人求助。 15.You don't have to face your problems alone! 结构：don't have to do sth.不必做某事 中文：你不必独自面对问题！ 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择 1.You should your personal information online. A.post B.not post C.to post D.posting 2.Avoid your phone number online. A.to give B.giving C.give D.gives 3.A strong and long password is very A.importance B.important C.import D.importantly 4.Don't use your birthday a password. A.as B.for C.with D.like 5. meet strangers in real life. A.Always B.Never C.Sometimes D.Usually 6.Only spend time online trusted friends. A.for B.with C.to D.in 7.Think carefully you post something. A.after B.before C.when D.while 8.Behaving badly online costs. A.have B.has C.is D.are 9.If you are in hot water, for help. A.ask B.asks C.asking D.to ask 10.You don't have to your problems alone. A.face B.faces C.facing D.faced 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示，在横线上填写合适的单词或短语，使句子完整） 1.保持个人信息私密。 personal information private 2避免在网上发布你的全名。 Avoid your full name online. 3.这包括你的地址和电话号码。 This your address and phone number. 4.只有你认识的人才应该看到你的信息。 Only people you know see your information. 5.使用一个又长又强的密码很重要。 It's important use a strong and long password. 6.不要使用容易猜到的词。 use words that are easy to guess. 7经常更换密码，不要粗心大意。 Change it often and be careless. 8永远不要在网上见陌生人。 meet online strangers in real life. 9在网上发布东西之前仔细思考。 Think carefully posting something online. 10.向你的父母求助。 to your parents for help. 练习三：翻译句子（根据中文提示，在横线上填写完整的英文句子） 1.你在网上安全吗？ 2.保持个人信息私密。 3.避免在网上发布个人信息。 4.使用一个强密码很重要。 5.不要使用你的生日作为密码。 6.永远不要与网上陌生人见面。 7.只与可信赖的朋友在网上共度时间。 8言语有时会伤害人。 9如果你陷入麻烦，向成年人求助。 10.你不必独自面对问题。 参考答案 练习一：单项选择 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.A 练习二：完成句子 1.Keep;2.posting;3.includes;4should;5.to;6.Don't; 7.don't;8.Never;9.before;10.Turn 1.Are you safe online?;2.Keep personal information private.;3.Avoid posting personal information online.;4.It's important to use a strong password.;5.Don't use your 练习三：翻译句子 birthday as a password.;6.Never meet online strangers in real life.;7.Only spend time online with trusted friends.; 8.Words sometimes hurt people.;9.If you are in hot water, turn to adults for help.;10.You don't have to face your problems alone. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 In today's digital world,cyberbullying(网络欺凌)has become a serious problem.Unlike traditional bullying,cyberbullying can happen anytime,anywhere.The hurtful words or pictures can be seen by hundreds of people in minutes.What's worse,the things posted online are hard to remove completely. Lisa,a 14-year-old girl,experienced this.Last year,she posted a photo of herself on social media.Some classmates made fun of her hair and clothes and left many mean comments.Lisa felt very sad and didn't want to go to school.She didn't tell anyone at first because she thought it was her fault.Later,her mother noticed she was unhappy and asked what was wrong.When Lisa told her mother,she said,"Cyberbullying is not your fault.You should not face it alone." With her mother's help,Lisa talked to her teacher.The teacher talked to the class about kindness online.Those classmates apologized to Lisa.Now Lisa feels more confident and knows how to protect herself online. Cyberbullying hurts deeply,but there is always help.If you or someone you know is being bullied online,remember:don't answer the bad messages,keep a record of them,and tell a trusted adult.Never keep it to yourself. ()1.Why does the writer say cyberbullying is serious? A.Because it only happens at school. B.Because it can happen anywhere and anytime. C.Because it is easy to remove the posts. D.Because only adults can solve it. ()2.What does the underlined word "mean"in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A.意思是 B.吝啬的 C.刻薄的 D.平均的 ()3.What did Lisa's teacher do to help her? A.The teacher punished the classmates. B.The teacher talked to the class about kindness. C.The teacher asked Lisa to stay at home D.The teacher called her mother. ()4.What is the best advice for people facing cyberbullying? A.Fight back with bad words. B.Delete all their social media accounts. C.Keep a record and ask adults for help. D.Keep it a secret and do nothing. B篇 Do you know what a "digital footprint"is?Every time you go online-visiting websites,posting photos,or even clicking "like"-you leave traces (of your activity.These traces are called your digital footprint.It can be active()or passive （(被动的). An active digital footprint is what you do on purpose,like writing a comment or uploading a video.A passive digital footprint is information collected without you knowing,such as your IP address or the websites you visit. Why does this matter?Companies may use your passive footprint to send you ads( )Sometimes,your personal information might be stolen if you are not careful.For example,a 15-year-old boy once shared his home address in a public chat room.A stranger used it to send him scary messages.Luckily,his parents reported it to the police and the problem was solved. To protect your digital footprint,follow these tips: Don't share too much personal information online. Use strong passwords and change them often. Think twice before posting anything. Turn off location tracking when you don't need it. The internet is a wonderful place,but being smart about your digital footprint helps you stay safe. ()1.Which of the following is an example of an active digital footprint? A.A website tracking your visit. B.You posting a photo on your blog. C.A company collecting your IP address D.Your phone showing your location. ()2.What happened to the 15-year-old boy? A.He lost his password. B.He received scary messages from a stranger. C.He was cheated out of money. D.He posted his photo and got many likes ()3.To protect your digital footprint,you should NOT A.share your address in public chats B.use strong passwords C.turn off location tracking D.think before posting ()4.What is the main purpose of this passage? A.To introduce what a digital footprint is and how to protect it. B.To tell a story about a boy's bad experience online. C.To explain how companies use our information. D.To show why the internet is dangerous. 二、完形填空 Tom was a middle school student.He loved playing online games.One day,a player 1. him to download a "special tool"to make his game character stronger.Tom didn't think twice and downloaded it. Soon,his computer started to act 2..Strange windows kept popping up,and his personal files disappeared.His father noticed something wrong and checked the computer."You have downloaded a virus病毒)！This is a serious3._”his father said. Tom felt terrible.He 4.he had been too careless.His father helped him clean the computer and 5.him some rules about online safety. "First,never download files from people you don't know.Second,6. opening emails from strangers.Third,use anti-virus software,"his father said. Tom listened 7.and promised to be more careful.Now he tells his friends, "Don'tbea8.__victim(受害者)of online tricks..Think before you click!" From this experience,Tom learned that being safe online requires 9. and knowledge.He also understood that parents and teachers are always there to help if he10. in trouble. A.asked B.will ask C.is asking D.has asked A.strangely B.strange C.stranger D.strangest A.problem B.problems C.idea D.lesson A.realizes B.is realizing C.realized D.will realize A.teaches B.taught C.has taught D.teaching A.avoid B.avoids C.to avoid D.avoiding A.careful B.carefully C.careless D.carelessly A.other B.the other C.another D.others A.aware B.unaware C.awareness D.unawares A.is B.was C.will be D.were 三、阅读短文回答问题 People often use the Internet for fun and relaxation.But some students spend too much time online and become addicted )Internet addiction is a serious problem.It can make students forget about study,sleep and even eating. Li Hua,a 14-year-old boy,used to play online games for five hours every day after school.His grades dropped from the top to the bottom.He often felt tired in class.His parents were very worried.They tried to stop him,but he got angry and shouted at them. One day,the school invited a psychologist(心里医生)to give a talk about healthy Internet use.The psychologist said,"Internet addiction is like a trap )The first step to get out is to realize you have a problem."Li Hua began to think about his own habits.With the help of his teacher and parents,he made a plan:play games only on weekends,and no more than two hours each time.He also started playing basketball with friends. Gradually,Li Hua found his life became more colourful.He had more time for study and hobbies.His grades improved,and he felt happier.He learned that the Internet should be a tool,not the master of our lives. 1.What does the passage mainly talk about? 2.How many hours did Li Hua spend on games every day at first? 3.Who helped Li Hua realize his problem? 4.What was Li Hua's plan to fight Internet addiction? 5.What lesson did Li Hua learn？(请用完整句子回答) 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) rule warn care they wise easy real one follow keep Online safety is very important.Here are some 1.for you to stay safe. First,2. your personal information private.Don't give your address,phone number or school name to strangers online.Second,use a strong password.It should not be something 3.to guess like "123456".Third,be 4.when you meet new people online.Never agree to meet an online stranger alone. If someone 5.you about danger,listen to 6..For example,your parents may tell you not to click strange links.You should 7. their advice. Remember,the 8. rule is:think before you act.If you 9. understand the risks,you can enjoy the Internet 10. 7 2. 3 4 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 五、写作 话题：How to Be Safe Online? 提示：网络给我们带来便利，但也存在风险。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文，介绍如何安全上 网。 1.不轻易泄露个人信息； 2.不点击可疑链接 3.不随意与网友见面； 4遇到问题寻求帮助。 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、阅读理 A篇：1.B2.C3.B4.C 解 B篇：1.B2.B3.A4.A 二、完形填 空 1.A;2.A;3.A;4.C;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.C;9.C;10.A 1.Internet addiction among students and how to solve it. 2.Five hours. 三、阅读短 文回答问题 3.A psychologist/The school psychologist. 4.Play games only on weekends,and no more than two hours each time. 5.He learned that the Internet should be a tool,not the master of our lives. 四、短文填 1.rules 2.keep 3.easy 4.careful 5.warns 6.them 7.follow 8.first 9.really 空 10.wisely 五、写作 范文： How to Be Safe Online? The Internet is useful,but we must use it safely.First,never give out personal information like your address or phone number to strangers.Second,don't click on strange links,because they may have viruses.Third,never meet online friends without telling your parents.If someone asks you to meet,say no and tell a trusted adult. Finally,if you feel uncomfortable online,ask your parents or teachers for help.By following these rules,we can enjoy the Internet and stay safe.