Unit 5 Play by the rules(上)-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（外研版）

Unit 5 Play by the rules? 知识点精讲（上） 。单元核心词汇 opposite smelly passenger responsibility cause honesty spread citizen basic ⊙单元同步语法 动词不定式表目的 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.pposite/'opezIt/adj.对面的；相反的prep.在.对面n.对立面 词形变化：oppositely(adv.相反地) 搭配：opposite to与相对；在对面 例句：The cinema is opposite the park.电影院在公园对面。 Hot and cold are opposites.热和冷是反义词。 2.smelly/'smeli/adj.有臭味的；难闻的 词形变化：smell(v.闻起来；n.气味)；smelled/smelt(过去式/过去分词) 搭配：smelly socks臭袜子；smelly fish臭鱼 例佝：The rubbish bin is smelly..垃圾桶有臭味。 3.passenger/'paesInd3a(r)/n.乘客；旅客 词形变化：pass(v.经过)；passage(n.通道) 搭配：car passenger汽车乘客；air passenger飞机乘客 例佝：The bus has20 passengers.公共汽车上有20名乘客。 4.responsibility/r,sppnse'bleti/n.责任；职责 词形变化：responsible(adj.负责任的)；responsibly(adv.负责地) 搭配：have responsibility for(对.…负责)；take responsibility承担责任 例句：It's your responsibility to clean the room.打扫房间是你的责任。 5.cause/koz/v.引起；导致n.原因；起因 词形变化：caused(过去式/过去分词)；causing(现在分词) 搭配：cause trouble引起麻烦；cause damage造成损害 例句：Smoking can cause cancer.吸烟能号致癌症。 6.honesty/pnesti/n.诚实；正直 词形变化：honest(adj.诚实的)；honestly(adv.诚实地) 搭配：in honesty诚实地；honesty is the best policy诚实为上策 例佝：Honesty is very important.诚实非常重要。 7.spread/spred/v.传播；展开n.传播；蔓延 词形变化：spread(过去式/过去分词)；spreading(现在分词) 搭配：spread news传播消息；spread out散妍；伸展 例句：The fire spread quickly.火势迅速蔓延。 8.citizen/'sIt虹znln.公民；市民 词形变化：citizenship(n.公民身份)；citizens(复数 搭配：good citizen好公民；city citizen城市居民 例佝：Every citizen should obey the law.每个公民都应遵守法律。 9.basic]/bersIk/adj.基本的；基础的 词形变化：basically(adv.基本上)；base(n.基础v.以.…为基础 搭配：basic knowledge基础知识；basic rule基本规则 例句：Learn the basic words first.先学习基本词汇。 考点通关 单元词汇 (-） 单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The (smell)dog needs a bath 2.My house is (opposite)the school 3.There are many (passenger)on the train. 4.You must take (responsible)for your actions. 5.What (cause)the accident?-The bad weather. 6.She is a girl of (honest).She never lies 7.The news (spread)all over the city yesterday 8.As a (city),we should help clean the park. 9.This is a (base)rule for safety. 10.The (opposite)of“hot"is“cold". 11.We should be (responsibility)students. 12.The rubbish is (smell).Please throw it away. (二)短文填空 We live in a city.Every 1. (city)has the duty to keep the city clean.But some people 2 (cause)trouble.They throw 3. (smell)rubbish everywhere.This 4. (spread)germs(病菌).It's5. (opposite)to a healthy life.We should be 6. (honesty)about our actions.Taking 7. (responsible)for our behavior is 8. (base)for a good society Let's be good 9 (passenger)on the bus too-don't leave 10. (smell)food on seats. 1.smelly;2.opposite;3.passengers;4.responsibility;5.caused; (一)单句填空 6.honesty;7.spread;8.citizen;9.basic;10.opposite;11.responsible; 12.smelly 1.citizen;2.cause;3.smelly;4.spreads;5.opposite;6.honest; (二)短文填空 7.responsibility;8.basic;9.passengers;10.smelly 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 动词不定式表目的 项目 内容 定义 用"to+动词原形”表示某人做某事的目 的，回答“为什么做这件事”。 结构 主语+谓语+其他+todo+目的 例句 I went to the library to read books. 去图书馆为了读书。) 常用疑问词 Why用来询问目的，回答时常用todo。 1.todo在句中作目的状语。 注意点 2.否定形式：not to do(为了不做某事)。 3.可与"in order to”互换，但todo更简 洁。 典型句型 -Why did you get up early?-To catch the first bus. 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：动词不定式表目的(8道选择题) 1.I got up early the early bus. A.catch B.to catch C.catching D.catches 2.She went to the supermarket some milk A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.bought 3.They are working hard the exam. A.pass B.to pass C.passing D.passed 4.He called his mother her about the party. A.tell B.telling C.to tell D,told 5.We use a dictionary new words. A.look up B.looking up C.to look up D.looked up 6.The teacher came into the classroom the students. A.help B.helping C.to help D.helped 7.Why did you stay at home?- my homework. A.Do B.Doing C.To do D.Did 8.She turned on the light in the dark. A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 语法专练二：动词不定式表目的(10道语法填空题) 用所给动词的适当形式填空（必要时加to）。 1.I often go to the park (fly)kites on weekends 2.He took a taxi (get)to the airport on time. 3.We need some paper (make)a model plane. 4.They stopped (have)a rest under the tree. 5.My mother went to the kitchen (cook)dinner. 6.I join the club (learn)English better. 7.She opened the window (let)in fresh air 8.The man came here (visit)his old friend. 9.Please be quiet (not disturb)others. 10.They saved money (buy)a new bike. 参考答案 语法专练一：选择题 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.C;5.C;6.C;7.C;8.C 语法专练二：语法填空 1.to fly;2.to get;3.to make;4 to have;5.to cook;6. to learn;7.to let;8.to visit;9.not to disturb;10.to buy A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.I went to a quiet area in order to read. 结构：in order to+动词原形（表示目的） 中文：我去一个安静的地方以便读书。 短语：in order to=so as to/to 2.I sat down and took out my book. 结构：并列动词(and连接两个动作) 中文：我坐下来并拿出我的书。 短语：sit down坐下；take out拿出 3.What a shock! 结构：What+a/an+可数名词单数（感叹句） 中文：多么震惊阿！ 句型：What+名词+主语+谓语！也可省略主语和谓语。 4.I almost jumped up in surprise. 结构：jump up(跳起来)；in surprise(惊讶地) 中文：我惊讶得几乎跳起来。 短语：in surprise惊讶地 5.It was like sitting next to a mountain of blue cheese. 结构：ike+doing(介词ike后接动名词) 中文：就像坐在一堆蓝纹奶酪旁边。 短语：a mountain of一大堆 6.I covered my ears in order to block the noise. 结构：cover+身体部位（覆盖.…） 中文：我捂住耳朵以便阻挡噪音。 短语：block the noise阻挡噪音 7.I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell. 结构：so as to+动词原形(=in order to,表示目的) 中文：我捂住鼻子以减少气味。 短语：reduce the smell减少气味 8.My face turned as red as a tomato. 结构：as+形容词+as+名词（像…一样.…） 中文：我的脸变得像番茄一样红。 短语：turn red变红 9.I asked him to stop. 结构：ask sb.to do sth.(要求某人做某事) 否定：ask sb.not to do sth 中文：我要求他停下来。 10.Will they think me a fool if I do something? 结构：think+宾语+名词（认为..…是..…） 中文：如果我做点什么，他们会认为我是个傻瓜吗？ 短语：think sb.(tobe)+n./adj. 11.Everyone knows the rules. 结构：everyone+动词第三人称单数(everyone视为单数) 中文：每个人都知道这些规呗则 12.Rules are there for us to follow. 结构：forsb.to do sth.(供某人做某事) 中文：规则就在那里供我们遵守。 短语：there for us to follow在那里供我们遵守 13.I took a deep breath,stood up and cleared my throat. 结构：并列动词（三个动作连续发生） 中文：我深吸一口气，站起来，清了清嗓子。 短语：take a deep breath深吸一口气；clear one's throat清嗓子 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择（共10小题） 1.The man went to a quiet area read. A.in order to B.so as C.for D.because 2.I was so angry that my face turned a tomato. A.like B.as red as C.red like D.so red (3.The girl started loud music on her phone. A.play B.playing C.to playing D.played 4.I covered my nose so as the smell. A.reduce B.to reduce C.reducing D.reduced 5."What a !he said when he saw the mess. A.surprise B.shocking C.shock D.shocked 6.The mother said, he's just a kid." A.Come in B.Come on C.Come out D.Come back 7.I asked the boy my seat. A.stop kicking B.to stop kicking C.stop to kick D.to stop to kick 8.Rules are there us to follow. A.to B.for C.of D,with 9.Everyone the rules in the train. A.know B.knows C.knowing D.is knowing 10.I took a deep and stood up. A.breathe B.breath C.breathing D.breaths 练习二：完成狗子（根据中文提示， 每空一词) 1我去安静的地方以便读书。 I went to a quiet area read. 2我惊讶得几乎跳起来。 I almost in surprise. 3.就像坐在一堆奶酪旁边。 It was sitting next to of cheese. 4.我捂住耳朵阻挡噪音。 my ears block the noise. 5.我的脸变得像番茄一样红。 My face turned a tomato. 6.我要求他停止踢我的座位。 him my seat. 7.他们认为我是个傻瓜吗？ Do they me 8规则就在那里供我们遵守。 Rules are there us 9.我深吸一口气，站起来。 a deep and stood up. 10.他清了清嗓子。 He his 练习三：翻译句子（将下列中文译成英文） 1我去一个安静的地方以便读书。 2.一个女孩开始用手机大声播敬音乐。 3.这就像坐在一堆蓝纹奶酪旁边。 4.我捂住耳朵以阻挡噪音。 5.我的脸变得像番茄一样红。 6.我要求那个男孩停下来。 7每个人都知道这些规侧则。 8规则就在那里供我们遵守。 9我深吸一口气，站起来，清了清嗓子。 10.如果我做点什么，他们会认为我是个傻瓜吗？ 参考答案 练习一：单项选择 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.c 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.B 1.in order to;2.jumped up;3.like;a mountain;4.covered; 练习二：完成句子 in order to;5.as red as;6.asked;to stop kicking;7.think;a fool;8.for;to follow;9.took;breath;10.cleared;throat 1.I went to a quiet area in order to read. 2.A girl started playing loud music on her phone. 3.It was like sitting next to a mountain of blue cheese. 4.I covered my ears in order to block the noise. 5.My face turned as red as a tomato. 练习三：翻译句子 6.I asked the boy to stop. 7.Everyone knows the rules. 8.Rules are there for us to follow. 9.I took a deep breath,stood up and cleared my throat. 10.Will they think me a fool if I do something? A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 In many places around the world,people follow rules to keep order.But did you know that some rules are quite unusual?In Singapore,you cannot sell or chew gum ) That's because people used to stick gum on trains and buses,which made a big mess. The government decided to ban it in 1992.Now,Singapore is one of the cleanest countries in the world. In Japan,you are not allowed to eat or drink while walking on the street.Japanese people think it's impolite to eat and walk at the same time.If you want to have a snack,you should stand still or sit down.Also,in Japan,you must take off your shoes before entering someone's home. In some parts of Switzerland,you cannot flush (the toilet after 10 p.m.The rule is made to keep the neighborhood quiet at night.If you break this rule,you might have to pay a fine(罚款). These rules may seem strange to us,but they help people live together peacefully. Every country has its own way to teach people what is right and wrong.Understanding and respecting these rules is important when you travel. ()1.Why did Singapore ban chewing gum? A.Because people didn't like chewing gum. B.Because it caused a lot of mess in public. C.Because gum is bad for health. D.Because the government wanted to save money ()2.What should you do if you want to eat in Japan? A.Walk slowly while eating. B.Eat and drink at the same time. C.Stand still or sit down to eat. D.Take off your shoes first. ()3.Why can't people flush the toilet after 10 p.m.in some parts of Switzerland? A.To save water. B.To avoid making noise at night. C.Because the toilet breaks easily. D.Because it's against the law. ()4.What is the passage mainly about? A.How to travel in different countries. B.Unusual rules around the world. C.The importance of following rules. D.The history of rules in Singapore. ()5.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.All rules are the same around the world. B.We should follow only the rules in our own country. C.Different countries have different rules,and we should respect them. D.Strange rules are not important. B篇 When you are in a public place,do you think about what is polite and what is not? "Manners"are the ways we show respect to others.Good manners make people feel comfortable.Bad manners can make others angry or sad. One important rule is to keep your voice down.In libraries,cinemas,and on public transport,people expect quiet.If you talk loudly on your phone,others may feel annoyed.Also,don't play music or videos without headphones. Another rule is about personal space.In crowded places,try not to push or stand too close to others.If you accidentally bump into someone,say "sorry"right away.A simple apology can stop a small problem from becoming a big one. What about smelly food?Eating food with a strong smell,like durian or stinky tofu,is not a good idea in closed spaces.Some people might feel sick.And always clean up after yourself.If you drop something,pick it up. Rules like these are not written on walls,but we all know them in our hearts.As the old saying goes,"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."Treat others the way you want to be treated.That is the basic rule of good manners. ()1.What does the word "Manners"in Paragraph 1 mean? A.Rules made by the government. B.Ways to show respect to others. C.Things you can do in public. D.Feelings of anger or sadness ()2.According to the passage,where should you keep your voice down? A.In a park. B.On a playground. C.In a library. D.At a party. ()3.What should you do if you bump into someone by accident? A.Keep walking. B.Say "sorry"at once. C.Push them back. D.Ignore them. ()4.Why is it not good to eat smelly food in closed spaces? A.Because it's against the law. B.Because it may make others feel sick. C.Because it is expensive. D.Because it takes too much time. ()5.What is the "basic rule"mentioned at the end of the passage? A.Follow all written rules. B.Treat others as you want to be treated. C.Never eat in public. D.Always say sorry. 二、完形填空 Summer vacation was coming.My parents and I planned to take a train to visit my grandparents.Before the trip,my mother said,"Remember,on the train,you must follow the 1..No loud noise.No smelly food.And be kind to others." I nodded."I know,Mom.I'll be a good 2." The train was crowded.I found my seat next to the window.Opposite me sat a young woman 3.a baby.The baby was crying loudly.The woman looked tired and 4. She tried to make the baby quiet,but nothing worked. I wanted to help.I remembered the rule:"Be kind to others."I took out a small toy from my bag.It was a little rabbit.I 5.it to the baby.The baby stopped crying and looked at the toy with big eyes.Then the baby started to smile.The woman smiled at me and said,"Thank you so much!" "You're welcome,"I said. A few minutes later,an old man sat down 6.to me.He opened a bag and took out some food.It was very smelly!I wanted to cover my nose,but I remembered the rule:"No direct 7.I took a deep breath and said politely,"Sir,would you mind 8. the food later?The smell is a little strong."The old man looked surprised at first,but then he 9. and put the food away. I felt proud.Rules are not just to stop us from doing things.They help us live together 10. That day,I learned that following rules can also be a way to show kindness. ()1 A.plans B.rules C.ideas D.words ()2 A.passenger B.driver C.teacher D.doctor ()3 A.with B.for C.to D.by ()4 A.happy B.excited C.worried D.bored ()5 A.sold B.lent C.showed D.bought ()6A.opposite B.next C.behind D.in front ()7A.advice B.conversation C.attention D.trouble ()8A.eat B.eating C.to eat D.ate ()9 A.cried B.shouted C.nodded D.refused ()10 A.angrily B.carefully C.secretly D.peacefully 三、阅读短文回答问题 Tom was a boy who loved to play football in the hallway of his apartment building. Every day after school,he kicked the ball against the wall,making loud noises.His neighbors often complained,but Tom didn't care.He thought,"It's my building,I can do what I want." One day,an old lady named Mrs.Green knocked on his door.She said,"Tom,the noise is terrible.My husband is sick and needs to rest.Could you please stop playing football here?"Tom said rudely,"Go away!Don't tell me what to do!" But that night,Tom's father talked to him."Son,rules are not to make you unhappy. They are to make everyone's life better.When you break rules,you hurt others.Think about how you would feel if someone made noise while you were trying to sleep." Tom felt ashamed. The next day,Tom went to Mrs.Green's house and said sorry.He promised to play football only in the park.From then on,he followed the rules of the building.To his surprise,the neighbors became friendly.They even invited him to their parties.Tom learned that following rules makes life more enjoyable for everyone. 1.Where did Tom usually play football? 2.How did Tom feel when Mrs.Green asked him to stop? 3.What did Tom's father tell him about rules? 4.What did Tom do the next day? 5.What is the main lesson Tom learned from this experience? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) take real polite rule communicate public respect finish share mind In our daily life,we often meet different people in 1.places,such as buses, parks,and libraries.To make everyone feel comfortable,we need to follow some 2. _For example,when you are on a bus,you should give your seat to the elderly. Also,you should keep your voice down and not talk too loudly on the phone.This is a way to show 3.for others. Sometimes,we need to 4.with others to solve problems.If someone is doing something that bothers you,you can 5.say "Excuse me"and tell them 6. _For instance,if a person next to you is eating smelly food,you could say,"I'm sorry,would you 7.eating that later?The smell makes me feel a little sick." Most people will understand and 8.their food. Remember,it's 9.important to be kind.If you make a mistake,say sorry.And if someone says sorry to you,accept it with a smile.After all,good manners never go out of style.Let's work together to make our 10.a better place. 7 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 话题：Rules in Public Places 提示： 1.你认为公共场所为什么需要规侧？ 2.请列出至少两条你在公共场合遵守的规则。 3.这些规则对你和他人有什么好处？ 4.你如何看待不遵守规则的人？ 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、阅读理 A篇：1.B2.C3.B4.B5.C 解 B篇：1.B2.C3.B4.B5.B 二、完形填 1.B;2.A;3.A;4.C;5.C;6.B;7.D;8.B;9.C;10.D 空 1.hallway 2.angry/rude 三、阅读短 文回答问题 3.everyone's 4.said sorry apologized 5.more enjoyable 四、短文填 1.public 2.rules 3.respect 4.communicate 5.politely 6.politely 7.mind 8. 空 finish 9.really 10.world 五、写作 范文： Rules in Public Places Rules in public places are important because they help keep order and make everyone feel comfortable.For example,when I am on the bus,I always keep my voice down and give my seat to the elderly.These rules show respect for others.Following rules also keeps us safe.For instance,waiting in line at the station stops people from pushing each other.People who break rules may cause trouble or hurt others.In my opinion,everyone should follow rules because they make our society better.A little self-control can bring a lot of peace.