Unit 1 Friendship（下）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（译林版）

Unit 1 Friendship 知识点精讲（下） energetic bold active encourage believe scared ⊙单元核心词汇 attack danger brave get along with somebody thoughtful patient 。单元同步语法 形容词比较级和最高级的句型运用 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.energetic/,ena'd3e女k/adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的 词形变化：energy(n.精力)；energetically(acw.精力充沛地) 搭配：be energetic in doing sth.做某事精力充沛 例佝：He is an energetic boy.他是个精力充沛的男孩。 2.bold/beuld/adj.大胆的；勇敢的；粗体的 词形变化：boldly(adv.大胆t地)；boldness(n.大胆 搭配：bold enough to do sth.足够勇敢做某事 例句：She is bold enough to speak in public.她足够勇敢在公众面前发言。 3.active/'ektrv/adj..活跃的；积极的 词形变化：activity(n.活动)；actively(acv.积极地)；act(.行动) 搭配：take an active part in积极参加 例佝：He is active in sports..他积极参加体育运动。 4.encourage /in'kMrd3v.鼓励；激励 词形变化：encouragement(n.鼓励)；encouraging(adj.令人鼓舞拜的) 词根：en-(使..)+courage(勇气) 搭配：encourage sb..to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 例佝：Teachers encourage us to study hard.老师鼓励我们努力学习。 5.believe/brli:vWv.相信；认为 词形变化：belief(n.信念)；believable(adj.可信的) 搭配：believe in信任；相信.的存在；believe it or not信不信由你 例句：I believe you can pass the exam.我相信你能通过考试。 6.scared/skeed/adj..害怕的；惊恐的 词形变化：scare(M.使害怕)；scary(adj.吓人的) 搭配：be scared of害怕；be scared to do sth.害怕做某事 例句：Are you scared of dogs?你害怕狗吗？ 7.attack/a'taek/v.&n.攻击；进攻 词形变化：attacker(n.攻击者) 搭配：attack sb./sth.攻击某人/某物；under attack受到攻击 例佝：The dog may attack strangers.这只狗可能会攻击陌生人。 8.danger/dernd3a(r)/n.危险 词形变化：dangerous(adj.危险的)；endanger(N.危及) 搭配：in danger处于危险中；out of danger脱离危险；dangerous(adj,)危险的 例句：Some animals are in danger.有些动物处于危险中。 Don't play with fire..lt's dangerous.不要玩火，很危险。 9.brave/brerv/adj.勇敢的 词形变化：bravely(adw.勇敢地)；bravery(n.勇敢) 搭配：be brave to do sth.做某事勇敢 例佝：The firefighters are brave.消防员很勇敢。 10.get along with somebody/geta'Ipn wrǒ'sAmbedi//短语.与某人相处 同义：get on with somebody 搭配：get along well/badly with sb..与某人相处得好/差 例句：Do you get along with your classmates?你和你的同学相处得好吗？ 11.thoughtfu/o:tfl/adj..体贴的；周到的；深思的 词形变化：thought(n.想法)；thoughtfully(adv.体贴地)；thoughtfulness(n.体贴) 搭配：be thoughtful of体贴；考虑到 例句：He is a thoughtful boy.He often helps his mother..他是个体贴的男孩，经常 帮妈妈。 12.patient/'per/nt/adj.耐心的n.病人 词形变化：patience(n.耐心)；patiently(adv.耐心地)；impatient(adj.不耐烦的) 搭配：be patient with对..有耐心 例句：Be patient with the children..对孩子要有耐心。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.He is very (energy)and always runs fast 2.She made a (brave)decision to save the child 3.We should take an (act)part in the school activities 4.The teacher (encourage)us to speak English yesterday. 5.1 (belief)that he will win the game 6.The little girl is (scare)of the dark 7.The soldiers (attack)the enemy last night. 8.The river is (danger)for swimming.Don't go there 9,Be (patience)!The bus will come soon. 10.He is a (thought)friend.He always remembers my birthday. 11.Do you get along your new neighbor? 12.Tigers are (danger)animals.We should keep away. (二)短文填空（用所给词的适当形式填空，每空一词） A brave boy named Tom is very 1. _(energy）.He2. (believe)that everyone can be a hero.His teacher often 3. (encourage)him.Tom is (active)in sports and 5. (patient)with his classmates.He (get along)well with others.Once,he saw a dog 7. (attack)a little cat.Tom was not 8. (scare).He 9. (brave)ran to help.The cat was in 10. (dangerous),but Tom saved it.Everyone said he was a 11 (thought)boy. 参考答案 1.energetic;2.brave;3.active;4.encouraged;5.believe;6.scared; (一）单句填空 7.attacked;8.dangerous;9.patient;10.thoughtful;11.with; 12.dangerous 1.energetic;2.believes;3.encourages;4.active;5.patient;6.gets along (二)短文填空 7.attack;8.scared;9.bravely;10.danger;11.thoughtful 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 形容词比较级和最高级的句型运用 形容词比较级和最高级的句型运用 项目 内容 形容词的比较级用于两者之间进行比较，表 定义 示"更”，最高级用于三者或三者以上进 行比较，表示"最”。 构成规则 单音节词：加-er/-est,例： tal→taller→tallest 以不发音e结尾：加-r/-st,例： nice→nicer-→nicest 重读闭音节，末尾单个辅音字母：双写该字 母加-er/-est,例：big→oigger→biggest 以辅音+y结尾：变y为i加-er/-est,例： happy-happier-happiest 多音节词（两个及以上音节）：加more/ most,例：important-一more important-most important 不规则变化：单独记忆， good/well→oetter-→best; bad/badly-worse-worst; many/much→more→most; little→less→least; far-farther/further-farthest/furthest 1.两者比较：A+be+比较级+than+ B,例：Tom is taller than Jerry. 2.三者及以上比较：A+be+the+最高级 +(of/in),例：She is the tallest in our class. 3.同等比较（肯定）：A+be+as+原级 +as+B,例：This book is as interesting as that one. 常用句型 4.同等比较（否定）：A+be+not as/so +原级+as+B,例：He is not so tall as his brother. 5.越来越..：比较级+and+比较级， 例：It gets warmer and warmer. 6.越..越..：the+比较级，the+比较 级，例：The harder you study,the better grades you get. 1.比较级前可用much,even,alot,a little 等词修饰，表示程度。例：This movie is much more exciting than that one. 注意事项 2.最高级前通常有the,形容词最高级前有 物主代词时可省略the。例：She is my best friend. 考点通关 形容词比较级和最高级的句型运用 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1. you a student? -Yes,I A.Are;am B.Is;is C.Am;are D.Are;are 2.My sister in Class 1.She very nice. A.is;are B.are;is C.is;is D.am;is 3.-Where your parents? -They at home. A.is;is B.are;are C.am;are D.are;is 4.This an apple.That a banana. A.is;are B.are;is C.is;is D.am;is 5.- they from Japan? -No,they A.Are;aren't B.Is;isn't C.Are;are D.Is;aren't 6.1 a teacher but my mother a doctor A.am;is B.is;am C.am;are D.are;is 7.The dog cute.It my friend A.are;is B.is;is C.am;are D.is;are 8.-your name Helen? 一Yes,it A.Is;is B.Are;am C.Is;are D.Are;is 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.The playground is than that in my old school. 2.The teaching building is one in the town. 3...and some are than 50 years. 4.The library is place in the school. 5.Our English teacher is teacher I have ever met. 6.She speaks English as as a native speaker. 7.Maths is for me than English. 8...my friend Tom thinks maths is subject of all. 9.He gets grades in maths than I do. 10.I hope to be next term. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.D;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.C;7.B;8.D 1.bigger;2.the tallest;3.older;4.the quietest;5.the 语法专练二：语法填空 friendliest;6.clearly;7.more difficult;8.the most interesting;9.better;10.more hard-working 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.My best friend is Joan. 结构：主语+be动词+名词（作表语） 中文：我最好的朋友是琼。 拓展：类似表达"My favourite teacher is Miss Li,." 2.I met her at a dance club five years ago. 结构：主语+动词过去式+宾语+地点+时间 短语：five years ago五年前 中文：五年前我在一个舞蹈俱乐部遇见了她。 3.Joan is taller than me. 结构：主语+be动词+比较级+than+比较对象 中文：琼比我高。 注意：形容词比较级用于两者比较。 4.Her hair is long and soft. 结构：形容词并列作表语：be+形容词1+and+形容词2 中文：她的头发又长又软。 5.I like her bright smiling eyes. 结构：ike+名词短语（形容词+名词） 短语：bright smiling eyes明亮含笑的眼睛 中文：我喜欢她那双明亮含笑的眼睛。 6.They make her look pretty and kind. 结构：make+宾语+动词原形（不带to)+形容词 中文：它们（眼睛）让她看起来既漂亮又善良。 7.Joan is helpful and patient. 结构：be+形容词（描述人的品质） 中文：琼乐于助人又有耐心。 8.Sometimes I cannot do well in our dance class. 结构：cannot do well in+名词 中文：有时我在舞蹈课上表现不好。 9.She is always kind to give me help. 结构：be+形容词+to do sth. 中文：她总是很友善地给我帮助。 10.Joan is caring and thoughtful. 结构：be+形容词（描述性格） 中文：琼关心他人又体贴。 11.I often tell her when something worries me. 结构：tell sb.+宾语从句(when引导) 中文：我经常告诉她什么时候有事让我烦恼。 12.She always tries to help and keeps it secret. 结构：try to do sth.尽力做某事；keep+宾语+形容词（秘密） 中文：她总是尽力帮助并目保密。 13.She likes to look on the bright side. 结构：like to do sth.喜欢做某事；look on the bright side看光明的一面 中文：她喜欢看事情好的一面。 14.Every time I feel down,she will cheer me up and make me feel better. 结构：every time引导时间状语从句；cheer sb.up使某人振作；make sb.fee!+ 形容词 中文：每次我情绪低落，她都会让我振作起来，让我感觉好一些。 15.I think Joan is great,and I hope we will be best friends forever! 结构：think+宾语从句；hope+宾语从句（将来时） 短语：best friends forever永远最好的朋友 中文：我觉得琼很棒，我希望我们永远是好朋友！ 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择（共10题） 1.My best friend Joan. 2.I met her a dance club. 3.Joan is taller me. 4.Her hair is long soft. 5.They make her pretty and kind. 6.She is always kind give me help. 7.I often tell her when something me. 8.She keeps it 9.Every time I feel she cheers me up. 10.I hope we will be best friends 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示，每空一词，共10题） 1我最好的朋友是琼。 My friend Joan. 2五年前我遇见了她。 her five years 3琼比我高。 Joan is me. 4.她的头发又长又软。 Her hair is soft. 5.她总是很友善地帮助我。 She is always to me. 6她关心他人又体贴。 Joan is thoughtful. 7.她喜欢看事情散好的一面。 She likes to on the side 8她让我感觉更好。 She makes me 9.我希望我们永远是好朋友。 we will be best friends 10.她让我看起来漂亮。 She me pretty. 练习三：翻译句子（将下列句子翻译成英文，每空一词或完整句子，共10题） 1.我最好的朋友是琼。 2她比我高。 3.她的头发又长又软。 4她总是友善地帮助我。 5.她关心他人又体贴。 6.她喜欢看事情好的一面。 7.每次我情绪低落，她都会让我振作。 8她让我感觉更好。 9.我觉得琼很棒。 10.我希望我们永远是好朋友。 参考答案 练习一：单项选择 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C 1.best;is 2.met;ago 3.taller;than 4.long;soft 5.kind;help 练习二：完成句子 6.caring;thoughtful 7.look;bright 8.feel;better 9.hope;forever 10.makes;look 1.My best friend is Joan. 2.She is taller than me. 3.Her hair is long and soft. 4.She is always kind to help me. 5.She is caring and thoughtful. 练习三：翻译句子 6.She likes to look on the bright side 7.Every time I feel down,she cheers me up. 8.She makes me feel better. 9.I think Joan is great. 10.I hope we will be best friends forever. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 C篇 Do you have a best friend?Why do you think someone becomes your best friend? Different people have different ideas.Some think the person who shares the same hobbies will be their best friend.Others believe a best friend should be honest and helpful.For me,a true best friend is someone who understands you and stays with you through hard times. I have a best friend named Linda.We met in primary school.At first,we didn't talk much.But one day,I fell down and hurt my knee during the break.Everyone else went on playing,but Linda came to help me.She took me to the nurse's office and stayed with me until I felt better.From then on,we became close friends. Now we are in the same middle school.We study together,play together,and share our secrets.When I am sad,she always listens to me quietly and gives me advice.She never tells others what I tell her.I trust her completely.I think that is what a best friend should be like. ()1.What is the writer's idea about a true best friend? A.Someone who has the same hobbies. B.Someone who is honest and helpful. C.Someone who understands you and stays with you in hard times. D.Someone who shares everything with you. ()2.How did the writer get to know Linda? A.They were classmates in primary school. B.Linda helped her when she was hurt. C.They talked a lot at first. D.Linda took her to the library. ()3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.Linda is a noisy girl. B.The writer and Linda are in different schools now. C.Linda keeps the writer's secrets. D.The writer never shares secrets with Linda. ()4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.The writer is very popular at school. B.Linda often gives the writer wrong advice. C.The writer has a strong feeling of trust towards Linda. D.The writer doesn't like Linda's quiet character. D篇 Friendship is like a tree.It needs time,care and patience to grow.Sometimes it may face storms,but a strong friendship can survive.How can we make our friendship stronger?Here are some tips. First,be a good listener.When your friend is talking,give him or her your full attention. Don't look at your phone or interrupt.Let them know you really care about what they say Second,be honest.If you make a mistake,say sorry.If your friend does something wrong,tell them gently but truthfully.Honesty builds trust,and trust is the root of friendship. Third,keep in touch.Even if you are busy,a short message or a phone call can show your friend that you remember them.Little things like a birthday card or a hug can make a big difference. Fourth,share both joy and sadness.A friend in need is a friend indeed.When your friend is down,be there to cheer them up.When you are happy,share your joy with them.This makes your friendship deeper. Remember,no one is perfect.Sometimes friends may argue.But if you really value the friendship,you will find a way to work it out.True friendship is worth fighting for. ()1.What is the main idea of the passage? A.How to plant a tree. B.How to make friendship stronger. C.What to do when friends argue. D.Why we need friends. ()2.According to the passage,what is the root of friendship? A.Time. B.Care. C.Patience. D.Trust. ()3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a tip for friendship? A.Being a good listener. B.Being honest. C.Giving gifts every day D.Keeping in touch. ()4.The underlined phrase "work it out"in the last paragraph probably means A.解决它 B.计算它 C.工作出来 D.练习它 ()5.What does the writer think of friendship? A.It is easy to keep. B.It is not important. C.It needs effort to maintain. D.It always faces storms. 二、完形填空 When I was in Grade 7,I moved to a new school.I felt lonely and scared because I knew 1. there.On the first day,I sat in the back of the classroom,2. nobody talked to me.During the lunch break,I ate alone in the corner. Then a girl named Emily came to me.She 3 and said,"Hi,would you like to sit with us?"I looked up and saw her warm smile.I 4. and followed her to her table.There were three other girls,and they all said hello to me.From that day on, Emily became my first friend in the new school. Emily is very 5.,She always helps others.When I couldn't find my way to the library,she walked me there.When I forgot my lunch,she shared 6.with me. She never made me feel like a burden. We soon became best friends.We did everything together-going to the movies, doing homework,and 7. secrets.She is full of energy and can always make me laugh.Even on my bad days,she 8.me up with her funny stories. One thing I especially like about Emily is that she is 9. I remember one time,I had a fight with my mother and I was very sad.Emily listened to me for a long time and said,"I 10.you.Your mother loves you,and you will be fine."Her words made me feel much better. Now I am in Grade 9,and Emily is 11. my best friend.I know our friendship will last forever because we 12. each other and we never give up on each other. A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody A.and B.but C.so D.or A.smiled B.cried C.shouted D.left A.refused B.agreed C.nodded D.doubted A.selfish B.shy C.helpful D.lazy A.his B.hers C.mine D.yours A.keeping B.sharing C.telling D.hiding A.cheers B.puts C.picks D.gives A.brave B.patient C.rude D.silly A.understand B.forget C.dislike D.doubt A.still B.even C.never D.already A.worry about B.laugh at C.care about D.look for 三、阅读短文回答问题 Friendship is important in our lives.But what does friendship really mean?Different people may have different answers. For some people,friendship means having fun together.They like to spend time with friends when they are happy.For others,friendship means being there when someone needs help.They believe a true friend is someone who will stand by you in difficult times. In ancient Greece,the philosopher Aristotle said,"Friendship is a single soul living in two bodies.He thought that true friends share the same values and understand each other deeply.They are like two halves of one whole. In modern times,many people think friendship is about trust and honesty.You can tell your friend your secrets and he or she will keep them.You can make mistakes,and your friend will forgive you.You can be yourself around your friend without pretending. However,making and keeping friends is not always easy.It takes time and effort.You need to be kind,patient,and understanding.Sometimes you may argue with a friend, but if the friendship is real,you can solve the problem and become closer. In short,friendship is a treasure in life.It makes us happy,helps us grow,and gives us support.Cherish your friends and be a good friend yourself. 1.Where is Tom from? 2.How does Tom learn Chinese when playing football? 3.What does Tom think of maths? 4.Who is Wang Lei? 5.Why does Tom say China is his second home? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) true smile I laugh trouble patient real important secret cheer along help My best friend is Mike.We have known each other for six years.He is a very 1. friend.Whenever I am in 2.,he is always the first to help me.Last week,I failed my math exam and felt very sad.Mike didn't 3.at me.Instead,he sat beside me and said,"Don't worry.Let's study together."He is very 4.with me.He explained the difficult problems again and again until I understood. Mike also knows how to 5.me up.Once I lost my favorite pen and I was upset. He gave me a new one with a big 6..That made me feel warm. We get 7.well with each other because we trust each other.We share our 8. and never tell others.I think honesty is the most 9.thing in a friendship.I am 10. lucky to have such a good friend.I hope our friendship will last forever. 1 2. 4. 5 6. 7 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 话题：My Best Friend 提示： 1.谁是你最好的朋友？ 2.他/她帕的外貌和性格如何？ 3.你们之间有什么难忘的事情？ 4.他/她对你的影响是什么？ 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、阅读理 C篇：1.C2.B3.C4.C 解 D篇：1.B2.D3.C4.A5.C 二、完形填 空 1.C2.B3.A4.C5.C6.B7.B8.A9.B10.A11.A12.C 1.Friendship means being there when someone needs help./A true friend is someone who will stand by you in difficult times. 2.He thought true friends share the same values and understand each other deeply.(Friendship is a single soul living in two bodies.) 三、阅读短 文回答问题 3.Kindness,patience,and understanding.(You need to be kind,patient, and understanding.) 4.Friendship is a treasure in life.It makes us happy,helps us grow,and gives us support. 5.The passage talks about the meaning of friendship and how to keep it. 四、短文填 1.true 2.trouble 3.laugh 4.patient 5.cheer 6.smile 7.along 8.secrets 9. 空 important 10.really 五、写作 范文： My best friend is Amy.She has long black hair and big bright eyes.She is kind and always ready to help others.We met in Grade 7 when she lent me her pen in class From then on,we became good friends.One unforgettable thing was when I was sick and missed school for a week.Amy came to my house every day to bring me the notes and homework.She also cheered me up when I felt worried about my lessons.Thanks to her,I did not fall behind.Amy makes my school life more colourful.I hope we can be best friends forever!