Unit 1 Friendship（上）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（译林版）

Unit 1 Friendship 知识点精讲（上） 。单元核心词汇 friendship honest cheerful humorous truth laugh thought trustworthy carefully sense sense of humor ⊙单元同步语法 形容词比较级和最高级的规侧变化与不规侧变化 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.friendship/'frend)妒pl/n.友谊；友好 词形变化：friend(n.朋友)；friendly(adj.友好的)；friendship(n.) 搭配：make friends with sb.与某人交朋友；the friendship between.…之间的友 谊 例句：True friendship is very important..真正的友谊非常重要。 2.honest/pn肛st/adj..诚实的；老实的 词形变化：honestly(adv.诚实地)；honesty(n.诚实)；dishonest(adj.不诚实的) 搭配：be honest with sb.对某人坦诚；to be honest说实话 例句：He is an honest boy.他是一个诚实的男孩。 3.cheerful/'t乒efl/adj..快乐的；兴高采烈的 词形变化：cheer(v.ln.欢呼；使振作)；cheerfully(adv.快乐地)；cheerfulness(n.) 搭配：a cheerful smile愉快的微笑；keep cheerful保持愉快 例佝：She always looks cheerful..她总是看上去很快乐。 4.humorous/hju:meres/adj.幽默的；诙谐的 词形变化：humor(n.幽默)；humorously(adw.幽默地) 搭配：have a sense of humor有幽默感；a humorous story一个幽默故事 例句：My father is very humorous.我父亲很幽默。 5.truth /tru:e/n.真相；事实；真理 词形变化：true(adj.真实的)；truly(adM.真实地)；truthful(adj.诚实的) 搭配：tell the truth说实话；in truth事实上 例句：You should tell the truth.你应该说实话。 6.laugh /la:f//v.笑；发笑；n.笑声 词形变化：laughter(n.笑；笑声；laughing(adj.笑的) 搭配：laugh at嘲笑；laugh out loud大笑 例佝：Don't laugh at others.不要嘲笑别人。 7.thought/ot/n.想法；思想；思考 词形变化：think(v.思考)；thoughtful(adj.体贴的；深思的)；thoughtless(adj.粗 心的) 搭配：have a thought有一个想法；in thought在思考中 例佝：I have a good thought..我有一个好主意。 8.trustworthy/'trAstw3:i/adj.值得信赖的；可靠的 词形变化：trust(v./n.信任)；trustworthiness(n.) 搭配：a trustworthy friend一个值得信赖的朋友 例佝：He is a trustworthy person.他是一个值得信赖的人。 9.carefully/keefeli/adv.小v心地；仔细地 词形变化：care(v.ln.关心；照顾；careful(adj.小v心的)；carefulness(n.) 搭配：do sth.carefully仔细做某事；listen carefully仔细听 例句：Please listen carefully..请仔细听。 10.sense/sens/n.感觉；意识；理智；v.感觉到 词形变化：sensible(adj.明智的)；sensitive(adj.敏感的) 搭配：sense of humor幽默感；sense of smell嗅觉；make sense有意义；讲得通 11.sense of humor短语.幽默感 例句：He has a good sense of humor..他有很好的幽默感。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空 (用所给词的适当形式填空) 1 (friend)is very important in our life. 2.Please tell me the (true) 3.My sister is a (cheer）girl 4.He is (honesty)and everyone likes him 5.Don't (laugh)at the poor. 6.I have a good (think).Let's share. 7.You can trust him.He is (trust). 8.Please do your homework (careful). 9.Dogs have a good (sense)of smell. 10.Tom is (humor).He often makes us laugh. 11.She always listens to the teacher (careful). 12.Atrue (friend)lasts forever (二)短文填空 Friends are important to us.A good friend should be 1. (honesty).He or she can share 2. (true)with you.A3. (cheer)friend makes you happy.A4. (humor)friend can make you 5. (laugh).You should be 6. (careful)with your words.Always have a kind 7. (think)of others.A 8. (trust)friend will never let you down.The 9. (friend) between you grows stronger.A good 10 (sense)of humor also helps 参考答案 1.Friendship;2.truth;3.cheerful;4.honest;5.laugh;6.thought; (一)单句填空 7.trustworthy;8.carefully;9.sense;10.humorous;11.carefully; 12.friendship (二)短文填空 1.honest;2.truth;3.cheerful;4.humorous;5.laugh;6.careful;7.thought; 8.trustworthy;9.friendship;10.sense 教材同步语法全解全练 重点3 单元语法 形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化与不规则变化 类别 构成方法 示例 规侧变化 tall→taller→tallest fast ①单音节和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er/-est →faster→fastest clever →cleverer→cleverest nice→nicer→nicest late ②以字母e结尾的词 只加-r/-st →later→latest ③以辅音字母+y结尾的双 happy→happier→ 变y为i,再加-er/-est 音节词 happiest easy→easier→ easiest ④重读闭音节，末尾只有一 双写该辅音字母，再加-er/ big→bigger→biggest 个辅音字母 -est hot→hotter→hottest beautiful→more beautiful→most ⑤多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more/most beautiful careful more careful→most careful 不规则变化 good well better→best bad badly ill vorse→worst many/much more→most little less→least farther/further→ far farthest furthest old older/elder→oldest/ eldest 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) A.tall B.taller C.tallest D.the tallest A.good B.better C.best D.the best A.good B.well C.better D.best A.popular B.more popular C.most popular D.the most popular 5.This box is much than that one. A.heavy B.heavier C.heaviest D.the heaviest 6.Tom did in the exam this time A.bad B.worse C.worst D.the worst A.easy B.easier C.easiest D.the easiest A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.most beautiful D.the most beautiful 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给形容词的适当形式填空 1.Spring is the (good)season of the year. 2.This road is (wide)than that one 3.Tom is (tall)than his brother 4.Mary is the (young)in her family. 5.I think math is (difficult)than English. 6.Who is (outgoing)in your class? 7.The Nile is one of (long)rivers in the world. 8.Linda is (careful)than her sister. 9.Her singing is (bad)than her dancing. 10.This book is (interesting)of all. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.D;3.C;4.D;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.D 1.best;2.wider;3.taller;4.youngest;5.more difficult; 语法专练二：语法填空 6.the most outgoing;7.the longest;8.more careful; 9.worse;10.the most interesting 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章精讲 1.Betty is a slim girl with big bright eyes. 结构：主语+be+名词+with+名词短语 短语：aslim girl一个苗条的女孩；big bright eyes大而明亮的眼睛 译：Betty是一个苗条的女孩，有一双大而明亮的眼睛。 2.Her hair is longer than mine. 结构：主语+be+比较级+than+比较对像 短语：longer than比.长 译：她的头发比我的长。 (3.Betty is the most wonderful friend in my life. 结构：主语+be+the+最高级+名词+in/of+范围 短语：the most wonderful最棒的 译：Bet比y是我生命中最棒的朋友。 4.She always gives up her seat to someone in need. 结构：主语+副词+动词短语+to+某人 短语：give up放弃；in need有需要的 译：她总是把座位让给有需要的人。 5.She knows how to cheer me up when I am feeling down. 结构：know how to do sth.知道如何做某事 短语：cheer sb up使某人振作；feel down感到沮丧 译：当我情绪低落时，她知道如何让我振作起来。 6.He is the tallest boy in our class-almost 1.8 metres tall. 结构：主语+be+the+最高级+名词+in+范围 短语：almost几乎 译：他是我们班最高的男生 —几乎1.8米高。 7.They make him look a little bit funny. 结构：make+宾语+动词原形使某人/某物...， 短语：a little bit有一点 译：它们让他看起来有点搞笑。 8.He often tells jokes and makes us laugh. 结构：tell jokes讲笑话；make sb laugh使某人笑 译：他经常讲笑话，逗我们笑。 9.He always encourages me to keep trying. 结构：encourage sb to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 短语：keep trying继续尝试 译：他总是鼓励我继续尝试。 10.That means a lot to me. 结构：主语+mean+alot+to+某人 译：那叹对我意义重大。 11.I believe we will be best friends for life. 结构：believe+宾语从句 短语：forlife一辈子 译：我相信我们会是一辈子的好朋友。 考点通关 文章精讲 练习一：单项选择（共10小题） 1.Betty is a slim girl big bright eyes. A.with B.in C.of D.on 2.Her hair is longer mine. A.then B.than C.as D,so 3.She always her seat to someone in need. A.gives up B.gives in C.gives out D.gives away 4.When I feel she cheers me up A.down B.up C.bored D.happy 5.Max is the boy in our class. A.tallest B.taller C.tall D.most tall 6.The glasses him look funny. A.make B.makes C.making D.to make 7.He often jokes and makes us laugh. A.says B.tells C.speaks D.talks 8.Max encourages me trying. A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.kept 9.The sentence "That means a lot to me"means A.那对我很重要 B.那很便宜 C.那很无聊 D.那狠搞笑 10.I believe we will be best friends life. A.in B.at C.for D.on 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示，每空一词，每句一个或两个空） 1.Betty是一个有一双明亮大眼睛的苗条女孩。 Betty is a slim girl big eyes. 2.她的头发比我的长。 Her hair is mine. 3.她总是把座位让给有需要的人。 She always her seat to someone in need 4当我感到沮丧时，她知道如何让我振作起来。 She knows how to me when I am feeling down. 5.他是我们班最高的男生。 He is the boy in our 6那副眼镜让他看起来有点搞笑。 The glasses make him a little bit 7.他鼓励我继续尝试。 He me keep trying. 8那对我意义重大。 That a lot to 9我相信我们会是一辈子的好朋友。 we will be best friends life. 10.他经常讲笑话。 He often 练习三：翻译句子（将中文译成英文，每句写在横线上） 1.Bet比y是我最好的朋友。 2她非常善良且乐于助人。 3她有一双又大又明亮的眼睛。 4.她总是认真听我说话。 5.Max很有幽默感。 6.你和他在一起永远不会感到无聊。 7.他通过做运动保持活跃。 8.我有时想放弃困难的任务。 参考答案 练习一：单项选择 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C 1.with;bright;2.longer;than;3.gives;up;4.cheer;up; 练习二：完成句子 5.tallest;class;6.look;funny;7.encourages;to;8.means; me;9.believe;for;10.tells;jokes 1.Betty is my best friend.;2.She is very kind and helpful.; 3.She has big bright eyes.;4.She always listens to me 练习三：翻译句子 carefully;5.Max has a great sense of humour.;6.You will never feel bored with him.;7.He stays active by doing sport.;8.Sometimes I feel like giving up on difficult tasks. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 Friendship is like a tree.It needs time to grow and care to stay strong.I learned this from my best friend,Lucy. When I first moved to this school,I felt lonely and shy.I sat alone in the classroom, hoping someone would talk to me.Lucy was the first to say hello.She smiled and asked,"Would you like to sit with me at lunch?"From that day on,we became friends. But our friendship was not always smooth.One day,I accidentally broke Lucy's favourite pen.It was a gift from her grandmother.She was very sad and didn't talk to me for a week.I felt terrible.I wanted to say sorry,but I didn't know how. Finally,I decided to write her a letter.I told her how sorry I was and that I saved my money to buy her a new pen.The next day,she came to me with a smile."I was angry,but I missed you,"she said."Friendship is more important than a pen." Now,our friendship is stronger than before.We share secrets,help each other with homework,and laugh together.I know that true friends forgive each other and grow together. ()1.How did the writer feel when she first moved to the school? A.Happy and excited. B.Lonely and shy C.Angry and sad. D.Bored and tired. ()2.Why didn't Lucy talk to the writer for a week? A.Because the writer didn't say hello B.Because the writer broke her favourite pen. C.Because the writer lost her pen. D.Because the writer laughed at her. ()3.What did the writer do to make things right? A.She bought Lucy a new pen. B.She wrote Lucy a letter. C.She asked the teacher for help. D.She talked to Lucy's grandmother. ()4.What does the writer think true friends should do? A.They should never fight B.They should give each other gifts. C.They should forgive and grow together. D.They should always be together. ()5.What is the best title for this passage? A.How to Make Friends B.My Favourite Pen C.A Lesson About Friendship D.A New School Life B篇 Friends come in all shapes and sizes.Some are quiet,some are funny,and some are always ready to help.But what makes a good friend?Scientists have been studying this question for years. According to a study from Oxford University,people who have strong friendships are happier and healthier.They live longer than those who are lonely.The study shows that having at least three close friends can make a big difference in your life. But how do we make and keep friends?First,be a good listener.When your friend is talking,pay attention and show that you care.Second,be honest.True friends tell each other the truth,even when it's hard.Third,be supportive.A good friend is there for you when you need help. However,not all friendships last forever.Sometimes,people change and grow apart. That's normal.The important thing is to value the time you had together.As the saying goes,"Some friends come into your life for a season,some for a reason,and some for a lifetime."Cherish every friendship,no matter how long it lasts. ()1.What did the Oxford University study find? A.Friends should be honest. B.Strong friendships make people happier and healthier. C.People need at least five close friends. D.Lonely people live longer. ()2.How many close friends does the study suggest a person should have? A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four. ()3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to keep friends? A.Being a good listener. B.Being honest. C.Being rich. D.Being supportive. ()4.What does the underlined word "Cherish"probably mean? A.珍惜 B.忘记 C.改变 D.结束 ()5.What is the passage mainly about? A.Different types of friends B.Why friendships end. C.How to make and keep good friends. D.A study on friendship. 二、完形填空 Everyone needs friends.A good friend is like a treasure ()They make our lives 1. and more meaningful.But what makes a true friend? First,a true friend is 2..They never lie to you.They tell you the truth even when it's hard to hear.For example,if you make a mistake,a true friend will 3.you kindly.They want you to be better. Second,a true friend is supportive.When you are 4.,they are there to cheer you up.They listen to you 5.and give you good advice.They don't laugh at you when you fail.6. they encourage you to try again. Third,a true friend is fun to be with.They have a good sense of 7. and make you laugh.You never feel bored with them around.You can share 8. and jokes, and you always have a good time together. Finally,a true friend is trustworthy(值得信赖的).You can tell them your secrets,and they will keep them 9..They will never talk about you behind your back.With a true friend,you feel safe and 10. In short,a true friend is honest,supportive,fun,and trustworthy If you have such a friend,11. them.Friendship is one of the 12. gifts in life. A.happier B.sadder C.harder D.shorter A.honest B.funny C.quiet D.strong A.laugh at B.shout at C.point at D.talk to A.up B.down C.happy D.excited A.carefully B.quickly C.loudly D.angrily A.But B.So C.Instead D.Also A.humour B.humourous C.humor D.humorous A.secrets B.secret C.laughter D.laugh A.for themselves B.for itself C.to themselves D.by themselves A.worry B.worried C.comfortable D.uncomfortable A.forget B.value C.leave D.change A.good B.better C.best D.well 三、阅读短文回答问题 Do you have a best friend?I do.Her name is Amy,and she has been my best friend for five years. Amy and I met in the school library.I was looking for a book about dinosaurs when she came up to me."I love dinosaurs too!"she said with a big smile.We started talking and found that we had so much in common.We both liked reading,drawing, and playing basketball.From that day on,we became best friends. Amy is very kind and helpful.When I had trouble with maths,she spent hours explaining the problems to me.She never got impatient(不耐烦的).She always said, "Don't worry.You can do it!"Her encouragement helped me a lot. Amy is also honest.Once,I wanted to copy her homework because I was too lazy to do it myself.She refused and said,"Copying is not right.Let me help you understand the questions."I was a little angry at first,but later I knew she was right. Now we are in different schools,but we still keep in touch.We call each other every weekend and share our stories.Sometimes we meet up and go to the park or watch a movie.Distance doesn't change our friendship. I am lucky to have Amy as my best friend.She makes my life colourful and meaningful. I hope our friendship will last forever. 1.Where did the writer and Amy first meet? 2.What did the writer and Amy have in common? 3.How did Amy help the writer with maths? 4.Why did Amy refuse to let the writer copy her homework? 5.How do the writer and Amy keep in touch now? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) care true quick cheer friend smile honest help laugh one My best friend is Tom.He is a 1. and outgoing boy.He always has a big 2.on his face.When I feel sad,he knows how to 3.me up.He tells funny stories and makes me 4.. Tom is also very 5..He never lies and always tells the 6..I can trust him with my secrets.He is a 7.person.When I have problems,he is always ready to 8. me. Last week,I was nervous about my maths exam.Tom noticed it.He listened to me 9. and said,"Don't worry.I'll help you.He spent two hours explaining the problems to me.Thanks to him,I did well in the exam. |am10. to have a friend like Tom.Our friendship is very precious to me. 1. 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 话题：My Best Friend 提示： 1.Who is your best friend? 2.What does he/she look like? 3.What is his/her personality like? 4.Why do you think he/she is a good friend? 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确，可适当发挥。 参考答案 一、 阅读理 A篇：1.B2.B3.B4.C5.C 解 B篇：1.B2.C3.C4.A5.C 二、完形填 1.A2.A3.D4.B5.A6.C7.A8.C9.C10.C11.B12.C 空 1.They first met in the school library. 2.They both liked reading,drawing,and playing basketball. 三、阅读短 文回答问题 3.She spent hours explaining the problems to the writer. 4.Because she thought copying was not right. 5.They call each other every weekend. 四、短文填 1.cheerful 2.smile 3.cheer 4.laugh 5.honest 6.truth 7.helpful 8.help 9. 空 carefully 10.truly 五、写作 范文： My Best Friend My best friend is Li Ming.He is a tall boy with short black hair and bright eyes.He always wears a friendly smile. Li Ming is kind,honest and humorous.He never lies and always tells the truth.When I feel sad,he tells funny jokes to make me laugh.He also helps me with my homework when I have difficulties. I think Li Ming is a good friend because he is trustworthy and supportive.He listens to me carefully and encourages me to keep trying.I am lucky to have such a wonderful friend.I believe our friendship will last forever.