Unit 8 Safe and sound（下）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（译林版）

Unit 8 Safe and sound 知识点精讲（下） 。单元核心词汇 nervous;beat;except;heavily;clear;report;including;avoid; press;right away;warn ⊙单元同步语法 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.nervous/'n3:ves/adj.紧张的 词形变化：nervously(adw.);nervousness(n.) 搭配：feel nervous感到紧张；be nervous about sth.对.感到紧张 词根词缀：词根nev(神经)+后缀-ous(充满.的) |feel nervous before the exam.考试前我感到紧张。 2.bea式bi:tv.打败；敲打；（心脏）跳动 词形变化：beat(过去式)；beaten(过去分词)；beating现在分词) 搭配：beat sb.打败某人；heart beats心跳 Our team beat theirs in the game.我们队在比赛中打败了他们。 3.except/k'sept/prep.除了.之外 词形变化：exception(n.);exceptional(adj.) 搭辄：except for除了以外；except that除了…（从句） 词根词缀：前缀ex-(向外)+词根cept(取)一取出去一除了 Everyone passed the exam except Tom.除了汤姆，每个人都通过了考试。 4.heavily/'hevili/adw.沉重地；大量地；严重地 词形变化：heavy(adj.);heavier(比较级)；heaviest(最高级) 搭配：rain heavily下大雨；smoke heavily抽烟很凶 词根词缀：形容词heavy(重的)+副词后缀-ly It rained heavily last night.昨晚雨下得很大。 5.clear/kha(r)ladj.清晰的；晴朗的；明白的v.清除；清理 词形变化：clearly(adv.);cleared(过去式)；clearing(现在分词) 搭配：clear up清理；放晴；clear out清理出去 词根词缀：源自拉丁语clarus,无特殊词根词缀 The sky is clear today.今天天空晴朗。 Please clear the table.清清理桌子 6.report/I'po:t/v.报告；报道n.报告；报道 词形变化：reporter(n.记者)；reported(过去式)；reporting(现在分词) 搭配：report to向.报告；news report新闻报道 词根词缀：前缀re-(回)+词根port(携带)→带回来报告 He reported the accident to the police.他向警察报告了事故。 7.including/in'klu:drn/prep..包括.在内 词形变化：include(v.);included(adj./过去式)；inclusion(n.) 搭配：including sb.lsth.包括某人/某物 词根词缀：前缀in-(里面)+词根clude(关闭)+-ing→关在里面一→包括 The bag costs$20,including tax.这个包花费20美元，包括税。 8.avoid/e'voId/v.避免；回避 词形变化：avoided(过去式)；avoiding(现在分词)；avoidance(n.) 搭配：avoid doing sth.避免做某事 词根词缀：前缀a-(加强)+词根void(空)→使空出来一→避免 You should avoid eating too much junk food.你应该避免吃太多垃圾食品。 9.press /pres/v.按；压；敦促n.新闻界；出版社 词形变化：pressed(过去式)；pressing(现在分词)；pressure(n.) 搭配：press the button按按钮；press for迫切要求 词根词缀：源自拉丁语pressare,无特殊词根词缀 Press the button to start the machine.按下按钮启动机器。 10.right away /rart e'weI/adv.立刻；马上 词形变化：无 搭配：同义词immediately;at once Ve need to leave right away.我们需要马上离开。 11.warn /wo:nlv.警告；提醒 词形变化：warned(过去式)；warning(n./现在分词)；warmer(n.) 搭配：warn sb.(not)to do sth.警告某人（不）做某事；warn sb..of sth..警告某人 注意某事 词根词缀：古英语，无特殊词根词缀 The teacher warned us not to be late..老师警告我们不要迟到。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.I want to (make)friends with my new classmates. 2.Our class (beat)the other team in the basketball match yesterday. 3.All the students went to the park (except)John. 4.It rained so (heavy)that we had to stay at home 5.Please (clear)the desk before you leave 6.The newspaper (report)an accident just now. 7.There are 40 students in our class, (include)Tom. 8.You should (avoid)making the same mistake. 9. (press)the red button if you need help 10.We must go home (right away)after school. 11.The sign (warn)us not to swim here 12.Her (nervous)made her hands shake （二)短文填空 Last week,we had a test.I felt very 1. (nervous).The teacher 2. (warn)us to read the questions carefully.I tried to 3. (avoid) making careless mistakes.The first part was easy 4. (except)a few difficult ones.I 5. (press)the pencil hard when writing.After the test,I had to 6. (clear)my desk.The weather outside was bad;it rained 7. (heavy).The teacher asked us to 8. (report)any problems.Everyone passed the exam,9. (include)me.I was so happy that my heart 10. (beat)fast.We should finish our homework 11. (right away) after class. 参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.nervous;2.beat;3.except;4.heavily;5.clear;6.reported;7.including; 8.avoid;9.Press;10.right away;11.warns;12.nervousness 1.nervous;2.warned;3.avoid;4.except;5.pressed;6.clear;7.heavily; (二)短文填空 8.report;9.including;10.beat;11.right away 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 对比项 一般过去时 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间发生的动 概念 表示过去某个时间正在进行 作或存在的状态，动作已完 的动作，动作尚未完成 成 结构 主语+was/were+动词现 主语+动词过去式 在分词 at this time yesterday,at 常用时间状语 yesterday,last night,in 8:00 last night, 2010,just now,… while/,when引导的从句等 I watched TV last night. I was watching TV at 8:00 例句 last night..(昨晚8点正在 (昨晚看了，看完了) 看) 动作特点 强调动作的完成或结果 强调动作的持续或正在进行 常见连用 与过去另一动作同时发生， 与具体过去时间点连用 常搭配when/while 用法要点 1.一般过去时：宾语是"做过什么”，动作已完成。例：He wrote a letter yesterday. (写完了) 2.过去进行时：宾语是"正在做什么”，动作未完成。例：He was writing a letter at 9:00 last night..(正在写) 3.while+过去进行时（较长动作），when+一般过去时（较短动作）。例：While I was sleeping,someone knocked at the door. 4.两个同时进行的过去动作都用过去进行时：I was cooking while she was reading. 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.-What you doing at 7:00 yesterday evening?-I my homework. A.were;did B.was;was doing C.were;was doing 2.-Did you see Tom just now?-Yes,he football with his friends. A.plays B.was playing C.played 3.While I the house,my mother dinner. A.cleaned;cooked B.was cleaning;was cooking C.clean;cook 4.Last night,I a call from my uncle when I TV. A.got;was watching B.was getting;watched C.get;watch 5.-you a shower when I called you?-Yes,I was. A.Did;take B.Were;taking C.Was;taking 6.The children happily in the park yesterday afternoon. A.play B.were playing C.are playing 7.My father to work at 8:00 every morning,but this morning he late. A.goes;was B.went;is C.goes;is being 8.We a math test at 10:00 this morning.It very difficult. A.were having;was B.had;was C.have;is 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给动词的正确形式填空（一般过去时或过去进行时）。 1.1 (watch)a movie at 8:00 last night. 2.They (not play)basketball yesterday because it rained. 3. you (read)a book when I came in?-No,I wasn't. 4.While my mother (cook),I (do)my homework 5.He (fall)off his bike while he (ride)to school. 6.The students (listen)to the teacher carefully at that moment. 7.Last Sunday,we (visit)the museum and (see)many old things. 8.It (start)to rain when we (wait)for the bus. 9.She (write)an email to her friend the whole morning. 10. (meet)my old friend in the street yesterday.We (talk)for a long time. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.C;2.B;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.B;7.A;8.A 1.was watching;2.didn't play;3.Were;reading;4.was 语法专练二：语法填空 cooking;was doing;5.fell;was riding;6.were listening; 7.visited;saw;8.started;were waiting;9.was writing; 10.met;talked A教材同步文章句型精进 重点3 文章句型 1.I went to the beach with my friends last Saturday. 结构：主语+went to+地点+with+某人+时间状语 短语：go to the beach去海滩；last Saturday上周六 译：我上周六和朋友们去了海滩。 2.When we were playing on the beach,suddenly,the water started to go away. 结构：When+过去进行时+，+suddenly+主语+started to do sth. 短语：play on the beach在海滩上玩；start to do sth.开始做某事；go away退 去 译：当我们在海滩上玩的时候，突然，海水开始退去。 3.We heard people shouting. 结构：hear+宾语+doing sth.听到某人正在做某事 译：我们听到人们在喊叫。 4.They were telling us to run away from the beach. 结构：tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事 短语：run away from..从.逃跑 译：他们在告诉我们从海滩逃跑。 5.A big wave was coming towards us. 结构：过去进行时：was/were+doing 短语：come towards.朝...过来 译：一个大浪正朝我们涌来。 6.We ran up the hill as fast as possible. 结构：as+形容词/副词+as possible尽可能.. 短语：run up the hill往山上跑 译：我们尽可能快地往山上跑。 7.When I looked back,the whole beach and all the buildings below us were in water. 结构：When+过去时+，+主语+过去时 短语：look back回头看；in water被水淹没 译：当我回头看时，整个海滩和我们下面的所有建筑物都被水淹了。 8.Many boats were damaged. 短语：be damaged被损坏 译：许多船被坏了。 9.After the tidal wave passed,the police checked to see if everyone was OK. 结构：After+从句+，主句 短语：tidal wave海啸；check to see检查看看；if是否 译：海啸过去后，警察检查看是否每个人都安全。 10.They warned us to stay away from the beach for a few days. 结构：warn sb.to do sth.警告某人做某事 短语：stay away from.远离.… 译：他们警告我们要远离海滩几天。 11.They told us that there was an earthquake a few kilometres away under the sea. 结构：tell sb.that+宾语从句 短语：a few kilometres away几公里远；under the sea在海底 译：他们告诉我们海底几公里远处发生了地震。 12.It caused the tidal wave. 短语：cause sth.导致/引起某物 译：它引起了海啸。 13.Luckily,no one was hurt or killed. 短语：no one没有人；be hurt受伤；be killed被杀 译：幸运的是，没有人受伤或死亡。 (14.All of us were happy that we were safe. 结构：be happy that+从句很高兴.…. 短语：all of us我们所有人；be safe安全 译：我们都很高兴我们安全了。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择（共10小题） 1.I went to the beach my friends last Saturday. A.for B.with C.to D.and 2.When we on the beach,the water started to go away. A.play B.are playing C.were playing D.played 3.We heard people A.shout B.shouted C.shouting D.to shout 4.They told us away from the beach. A.run B.to run C.running D.ran 5.We ran the hill as fast as possible. A.up B.down C.into D,across 6.When I looked the beach was in water. A.up B.at C.back D.for 7.Many boats were A.damage B.damages C.damaging D.damaged 8.The police warned us to stay the beach. A.away from B.away of C.far away D.out from 9.There was an earthquake a few kilometres under the sea. A.away B.far C.long D.near 10.Luckily,no one hurt or killed. A.is B.were C.was D.are 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示，每空一词，共10小题） 1我上周六和朋友们去了海滩。 I went to the beach my friends Saturday 2我们在海滩上玩的时候，海水开始退去。 we were playing on the beach,the water started to 3.我们听到人们在喊叫。 We heard people 4他们在告诉我们从海滩逃跑。 They were us to away the beach. 5.一个大浪正朝我们涌来。 A wave was us. 6.我们尽可能快地往山上跑。 We ran the hill as fast as 7当我回头看时，整个海滩都被水淹了。 When I looked the whole beach was water. 8海啸过后，警察检查是否每个人都安全。 After the tidal wave the police checked see if everyone was OK. 9.他们警告我们要远离海滩几天。 They us to away the beach for a few days. 10幸运的是，没有人受伤或死亡。 no one was or 练习三：翻译句子（将下列句子翻译成英文，共10小题） 1我上周六和朋友们去了海滩。 2突然，海水开始退去。 3.他们告诉我们从海滩逃跑。 4.一个巨大的波浪正朝我们涌来。 5我们尽可能快地往山上跑。 6.许多船被损坏了。 7海底几公里远处发生了地震。 8地震引起了海啸。 9幸运的是，没有人受伤。 10我们都很高兴我们安全了。 参考答案 练习一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.C4.B5.A6.C7.D8.A9.A10.C 1.with;last 2.When;go away 3.shouting 4.telling;run;from 练习二：完成句子 5.big;coming towards 6.up;possible 7.back;in 8.passed;to 9.warned;stay;from 10.Luckily,hurt;killed 1.I went to the beach with my friends last Saturday. 2.Suddenly,the water started to go away 3.They told us to run away from the beach.4.A big wave was coming towards 练习三：翻译句子 us.5.We ran up the hill as fast as possible.6.Many boats were damaged.7.There was an earthquake a few kilometres away under the sea.8.The earthquake caused the tidal wave. 9.Luckily,no one was hurt.10.All of us were happy that we were safe. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 C篇 Earthquakes are one of the most dangerous natural disasters.They can happen suddenly and cause great damage.But do you know that animals can often sense an earthquake before it happens?Scientists have found that some animals behave strangely before a quake.For example,dogs may bark loudly for no reason,and cats may try to hide in safe places.Snakes even leave their holes and come out onto the ground.In some villages,farmers have noticed that chickens refuse to go into their coops and cows lie down in the fields. Why can animals do this?They might be able to hear sounds that humans cannot. Before an earthquake,the ground sends out very low-frequency sound waves. Animals'ears are more sensitive to these waves.So they can "hear"the danger coming. In modern times,scientists use machines to watch the ground and predict earthquakes.But animals can still help us.In some parts of the world,people keep an eye on animal behavior as an early warning.If we see animals acting differently,we should be careful and get ready to protect ourselves. ()1.What is the main topic of the passage? A.How animals help people farm. B.How animals sense danger from earthquakes. C.How scientists predict earthquakes with machines. D.How people keep animals as pets at home. ()1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of strange animal behavior before an earthquake? A.Dogs bark loudly B.Cats hide in safe places C.Snakes come out of holes. D.Birds fly high in the sky. ()1.The underlined word "sensitive"in Paragraph 2 means A.able to notice very small changes B.able to move very fast C.able to see things far away D.able to talk to each other ()1.What does the writer think about using animals to warn earthquakes? A.It is useless today because we have machines. B.It is still helpful for us to stay safe. C.It is the only way to predict earthquakes. D.It is dangerous to watch animals. D篇 Last summer,I went on a camping trip with my family.We stayed in a tent near a forest.One night,I woke up and heard a strange sound.It was like someone was walking around our tent.I was very nervous.I woke my dad up and told him about the sound.He listened carefully and said,"Don't worry.It might just be a small animal." Suddenly,we heard a loud noise.Something was pushing against the tent.My mom quickly turned on the flashlight()and we saw a big bear!We were all terrified. My dad shouted,"Don't move!Stay calm!" We knew we should not run because the bear might chase (us.So we made ourselves look big and started waving our arms.We also made loud sounds by shouting and banging pots.After a few minutes,the bear turned around and walked away into the forest. We were all safe,but that night taught me an important lesson.When you are in the wild,you should keep food away from your tent and always be prepared for unexpected visitors.Safety comes first! ()1.Why did the writer feel nervous at the beginning? A.Because he heard a strange sound. B.Because he saw a bear. C.Because the tent was broken. D.Because his family was lost. ()1.What did they do when they saw the bear? A.They ran away quickly. B.They stayed still and made loud noise. C.They turned off the flashlight. D.They went back to sleep. ()1.What lesson did the writer learn from this experience? A.Camping in the forest is very dangerous. B.Always carry a weapon(武器)when camping. C.Keep food away from the tent and be prepared. D.Never go camping with family. 二、完形填空 Last month,our school held a fire drill消防演习).When the alarm1. we were having a math class.Our teacher 2.us to stop everything and leave the classroom quickly.We covered our noses and 3. with wet towels and walked down the stairs in order. I felt a little 4.because it was my first time to take part in such a drill.But my friend Tom 5.me,"Don't be afraid.Just follow the rules and stay calm."We got to the playground in just three minutes.The headmaster told us that we did a good job. After the drill,a firefighter gave us a talk.He showed us how to use a fire extinguisher (and 6.us to remember the number 119.He also said that in a real fire, we should 7.using the lift because it can be dangerous.We should also stay low to the ground 8.smoke rises. I think the drill was very helpful.It taught us how to 9. ourselves in an emergency.Now I know that safety is the most important thing.We should always 10. to the instructions and be careful in our daily life. A.rang B.rings C.was ringing D.is ringing A.tell B.tells C.told D.is telling A.mouth B.mouthing C.mouths D.mouthed A.excited B.nervous C.angry D.bored A.worries about B.worried about C.is worrying about D.was worrying about A.warns B.warned C.was warning D.is warning A.avoid B.to avoid C.avoiding D.avoided A.so B.because C.if D.although A.protect B.to protect C.protecting D.protected A.listen B.to listen C.listening D.listened 三、阅读短文回答问题 Tidal waves,also called tsunamis ()are huge ocean waves.They are usually caused by earthquakes under the sea.When an earthquake happens,the sea floor moves and pushes the water.The water starts moving very fast,and it can travel across the ocean at the speed of a jet plane. When a tidal wave reaches the shore,it can be very dangerous.The wave may be as high as a tall building.It can sweep away everything in its path.In 2004,a terrible tsunami hit many countries around the Indian Ocean.More than 200,000 people lost their lives. However,there are warning signs.Before a tsunami,the water often goes back from the shore.The sea looks like it is disappearing.This is a sign that a huge wave may be coming.In many places,people are taught to run to high ground when they see the sea water go away.The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center also sends warnings to countries to help people get ready. Scientists are still working on ways to predict tsunamis more accurately.They hope that in the future,people will have more time to escape. 1.What usually causes a tidal wave? 2.How fast can a tidal wave travel? 3.What happened in 2004? 4.What is one warning sign before a tsunami? 5.What is the writer's attitude towards future tsunami prediction? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) up safe be warn they we run heavy help sudden One day,my family and I were having a picnic near a river.The weather was fine,but 1. it became dark.My father looked at the sky and said,"It is going to rain 2. _.He told 3.to pack everything quickly.We 4.to the car as fast as we could. Just as we got into the car,it started to rain.The rain was so 5.that we could hardly see the road.My father drove slowly and carefully.He 6. us not to get out of the car.After about twenty minutes,the rain stopped.We were all 7. We learned that we should always pay attention to weather 8. It is very important to keep 9.in the wild.If we see signs of bad weather,we should take action at once.Being prepared 10. a good habit. 7. 2. 3 4. 5. 7. 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 假设你经历过一次危险事件（如地震、洪水、火灾等），请用英语写一篇短文，描述当时的情 况以及你是如何脱险的。内容包括： 1.发生了什么事情？ 2你当时在哪里？感觉如何？ 3.你是如何安全逃脱的？ 4你从中吸取了什么教训？ 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确，可适当发挥。 阅读理 C篇：1.B2.D3.A4.B 解 D篇：5.A6.B7.C 二、完形填 空 1.A;2.C;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.B;7.A;8.B;9.A;10.A 1.Earthquakes under the sea (usually cause a tidal wave). 2.At the speed of a jet plane.Very fast. 三、阅读短 3.A terrible tsunami hit many countries around the Indian Ocean and more 文回答问题 than 200,000 people died. 4.The water goes back from the shore the sea looks like it is disappearing. 5.Hopeful /Positive(Scientists are working to predict more accurately and people will have more time to escape). 四、短文填 1.suddenly 2.heavily 3.us 4.ran 5.heavy 6.warned 7.safe 8.warnings 9. 空 ourselves 10.is 五、写作 An Earthquake Experience Last year,I was doing my homework at home when the floor suddenly started shaking I felt very nervous because I knew it was an earthquake.Quickly,I hid under the strong desk.My mom shouted,"Stay there!"When the shaking stopped,we ran out of the building and went to the open playground.Luckily,no one was hurt.This experience taught me to stay calm and follow safety rules during an earthquake.