Unit 8 Safe and sound（上）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（译林版）

Unit 8 Safe and sound 知识点精讲（上） 。单元核心词汇 sound;safe and sound;situation;homeless;accident;terrible; traffic;shake;direction;fear;in fear;silent 。单元同步语法 过去进行时的结构与基本用法 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.sound/saund/n.声音；v.听起来 词形变化：sounds(第三人称单数)；sounded(过去式/过去分词)；sounding(现在 分词) 搭配：safe and sound平安无恙 例句：The music sounds beautiful..这音乐听起来很美。 They arrived safe and sound.他们平安到达。 2.situation/,sitfu'erfn/n.形势；情况；局面 词形变化：situational(adj.情境的) 例句：We must face the difficult situation.我们必须面对困难的局面。 3.homeless/'heumles//adj.无家可归的 词形变化：home(n.家)；homelessness(n.无家可归) 搭配：homeless people无家可归的人 例佝：e should help the homeless.我们应该帮助无家可归的人。 4.accident/'aeksIdent/n.事故；意外 词形变化：accidental(adj.意外的)；accidentally(adv.意外地) 搭配：car accident车祸；by accident偶然 例句：There was a traffic accident yesterday.昨天发生了一起交通事故。 5.terrible/'terebl/adj.可怕的；糟糕的 词形变化：terribly(adv.非常；可怕地) 例句：The weather is terrible.天气很糟糕。 6.traffic/'traefrk/n.交通；车辆 词形变化：traffic light交通灯；traffic jam交通堵塞 例佝：There is heavy traffic on the road..路上交通繁忙。 7.shake/erk/v.摇晃；料 词形变化：shakes(第三人称单数)；shook(过去式)；shaken(过去分词)；shaking (现在分词) 例句：The house shook in the earthquake.房子在地震中摇晃。 8.direction /de'rekn/n.方向；指导 词形变化：direct(v.指导；adj.直接的)；directly(adv.直接地) 搭配：in the direction of朝.方向 例句：He ran in the opposite direction..他朝相反方向跑去。 9.fea/f(r)/n.恐惧；害怕；v.害怕 词形变化：fearful(adj.害怕的)；fearless(adj.无畏的) 搭配：in fear恐惧地；害怕地 例句：She looked around in fear..她恐惧地环顾四周。 Don't fear the dark..不要害怕黑暗。 10.silent/'sarlent/adj.寂静的；沉默的 词形变化：silence(n.寂静)；silently(adv.寂静地) 例佝：Please keep silent in the library.图书馆内请保持安静。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The music (sound)wonderful. 2.They got home (safe and sound)after the storm 3.We are in a difficult (situational). 4.Many (home)people live on the street. 5.A car (accident)happened near the school. 6.The weather is (terrible).We can't go out 7.The (traffic)light is red.Stop! 8.The ground (shake)during the earthquake. 9.Please tell me the (direct)to the station 10.She looked at the snake (fear). 11.The classroom was (silent)when the teacher came in. 12.Don't (fear)making mistakes (二)短文填空 Yesterday,there was a terrible 1. on the highway.The 2. was very heavy.Many people were 3. when they saw the crash.But luckily,all the drivers came out 4. The police asked everyone to keep 5. and follow the 6. of the officers.The whole 7. was under control.Some 8. people nearby offered help.The ground 9. a little when the cars hit.But everything ended well.10. of sirens filled the air. 参考答案 1.sounds;2.safe and sound;3.situation;4.homeless;5.accident;6. (一)单句填空 terrible;7.traffic;8.shook;9.direction;10.in fear;11.silent;12.fear 1.accident;2.traffic;3.in fear;4.safe and sound;5.silent;6.direction; (二)短文填空 7.situation;8.homeless;9.shook;10.The sound 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 过去进行时 项目 内容 表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进 定义 行的动作。 常与具体的时间点或时间段连用。 肯定句：主语+was/Were+现在分词 否定句：主语+was/were+not+现在分 词 结构（以动词work为例） 一般疑问句：Nas/Were+主语+现在分 词？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主 语+现在分词？ 1.一般动词直接加-ing:play→playing, study→studying 2.以不发音e结尾的动词，去e加-ing: make→making,write→writing 动词现在分词变化规则 3.重读闭音节结尾，且未尾只有一个辅音字 母时，双写末尾字母再加-ing:run→ running,swim -swimming 4.以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加-ing: lie→lying.die→dying 基本用法 1.表示过去某一具体时间点正在进行的动作 例：I was watching TV at8o'clock yesterday. 2.表过去某一时间段内持续进行的动作 例：They were playing football from4to 5 yesterday afternoon. 3.与when引导的从句连用 例：When my father came home,Iwas doing my homework. 4.与while引导的从句连用 例：Vhile I was reading,my mother was cooking./While I was walking,I met an old friend. 5.表示过去两个动作同时进行（常用 while) 例：I was singing while he was dancing. at that time,at 7 o'clock last night,this time yesterday,from 8 to 10 this 常见时间状语 morning,the whole afternoon,when 一般过去时从句，while+过去进行时从句 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.-What were you doing at 9 p.m.last night? 一 my homework. A.do B.did C.was doing D.am doing 2.They a football match when I called them. A.watch B.watched C.were watching D.are watching 3.While she TV,her brother came in. A.washes B.was washing C.is washing D.washed 4.-Was Mike playing the piano at this time yesterday? -No,he He his bike. A.wasn't;repaired B.wasn't;was repairing C.didn't;repaired D.didn't;was repairing 5.1 to the radio when my mother came back. A.listen B.listened C.was listening D.am listening 6.The students a test from 8 to 10 this morning. A.have B.had C.are having D.were having 7.-Why didn't you answer my phone? —1 a shower and didn't hear it. A.take B.took C.was taking D.am taking 8.While I along the street,I saw a car accident. A.walk B.walked C.am walking D.was walking 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.Last Sunday,I a good time with my friends. 2.At 9 o'clock in the morning,we basketball in the park 3.While we on the playground,it suddenly started to rain. 4.We any umbrellas,so we quickly ran to a nearby shop. 5.When we to the shop,we very tired 6.l some water at that moment. 7.My friend Tom _a sandwich while he for the rain to stop 8.After the rain stopped,we playing basketball. 10 (注意：此处编号缺失，补全为9？原文本编号有误，根据上下文，第9空 缺失，第10空为"continued”,我们已经将第7句中包含两个空，所以总空数为10。为 保持一致，我们保留10个空，将缺失的编号补全。) 9.He for the rain to stop.(实际上第7句已有两个空，第8句是continue,第9 空缺失，第10空是continue。.我们需要调整顺序。原文本编号混乱，我们严格按句中顺序 编号1-10。原文本句子顺序：句子1(1.have);句子2(2.play):句子3(3.run);句子4(4.not bring);句子5(5.get,6.feel);句子6(7.drink;句子7(8.eat,9.wait);句子8(10.conti nue)。所 以第7句有两个空，应分别编号8和9；第8句编号10。我们输出时按照此顺序，每个空独 立编号。但原文本中第7句写为"My friend Tom8. (eat)a sandwich while he 9 (wait)for the rain to stop.”,所以编号8和9；第8句“After the rain stopped,we 10 (conti nue)playing basketball,."所以总空数为10。我们输 出如下：) 1.Last Sunday,I a good time with my friends 2.At 9 o'clock in the morning,we basketball in the park. 3.While we on the playground,it suddenly started to rain. 4.We any umbrellas,so we quickly ran to a nearby shop. 5.When we to the shop,we very tired 6.1 some water at that moment. 7.My friend Tom a sandwich while he for the rain to stop. 8.After the rain stopped,we playing basketball. 注意：原文本中缺少第9个空，但实际第7句有两个空，所以总空数仍为10，但编号需要 连续1-10。我们这里将第5句的两个空分别编号5和6，第6句编号7，第7句的两个空编号 8和9，第8句编号10。所以改写如下： 1.Last Sunday,I a good time with my friends 2.At 9 o'clock in the morning,we basketball in the park. 3.While we on the playground,it suddenly started to rain. 4.We any umbrellas,so we quickly ran to a nearby shop. 5.When we to the shop,we very tired 6.l some water at that moment. 7.My friend Tom a sandwich while he for the rain to stop. 8.After the rain stopped,we playing basketball. 注意：这样只有8个p,但实际有10个空。我们需要将每个空独立成段，即每个句子若含 多个空，应拆分为多个段落，每段只含一个空。但原文本中句子5有两个空，句子7有两个 空。为了匹配示例中每个编号一行，我们应该将每个空单独成行。示例输出中语法填空是 每行一个空，如"1. aboy”所以我们必须将每个空独立出来，即使它们在 同一句子中。因此，将句子5拆分为两行： 5.When we to the shop, 6.we very tired. 但这样会破坏句子完整性。另一种方式：保持句子完整，但每个空单独一行？示例中没有 这种情况。我们保持句子完整，但在一个段落中标注两个编号？但示例中每个空一行。为 了符合示例，我们应拆分为独立行。但原文本中"When we5. (get)to the shop,we 6. (feel)very tired,”这是连贯的句子。如果拆分为两行，会不连 贯。但示例输出中，语法填空的题目都是简单句，每行一个空。所以我们可以将句子拆分 为两句：第一行"5.When we to the shop,”第二行"6.we very tired.”但这样"we”小写可能不规范。但为了练习，可以接受。或者保特原句，将两个 编号和空放在同一段落，用逗号隔开。但示例中每个编号一行。我决定拆分为两个段落： 5.When we to the shop, 6.we very tired. 同样，句子7拆分为： 8.My friend Tom a sandwich 9.while he for the rain to stop 但注意原编号8和9，我们输出时调整编号。 句子8编号10： 10.After the rain stopped,we playing basketball. 注意句子6编号7：6. some water at that moment. 这样我们就得到了10个段落，每个一个空。但句子4We4. (not bring)any umbrellas,,so we quickly ran to a nearby shop.”只有一个空，所以段落4完整。 因此，我们最终的语法填空输出为： 1.Last Sunday,I a good time with my friends 2.At 9 o'clock in the morning,we basketball in the park. 3.While we on the playground,it suddenly started to rain. 4.We any umbrellas,so we quickly ran to a nearby shop. 5.When we to the shop, 6.we very tired. 7.1 some water at that moment. 8.My friend Tom a sandwich 9.while he for the rain to stop. 10.After the rain stopped,we playing basketball. 然后参考答案表格： 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.C;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.C;6.D;7.C;8.D 1.had;2.were playing;3.were running;4.didn't bring; 语法专练二：语法填空 5.got;6.felt;7.was drinking;8.was eating;9.was waiting;10.continued 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.I was working when the earthquake started. 结构：主语+was/were+doing+when+一般过去时（表示一个动作发生时， 另一个动作正在进行) 中文：地震开始时，我正在工作。 2.At first,I felt a slight shake. 结构：at first(起初)；felt(feel的过去式，感觉) 中文：起初，我感觉到轻微的晃动。 3.Then I heard a loud noise like thunder. 结构：hear+宾语+ike+名词（像..的声音） 中文：然后我听到像雷声一样铂的巨响。 4.Soon the real noise came,like bombs under the ground. 结构：ike+名词（像.一样） 中文：很快真正的噪音来了，像地下的炸弹。 5.People shouted in fear. 结构：in fear(惊恐地)；shout(喊叫) 中文：人们惊恐地大喊。 6.Some ran out of the building. 结构：run out of(从.跑出来) 中文：一些人跑出了大楼。 7.I tried my best to run out too. 结构：try one's best to do sth.(尽力做某事) 中文：我也尽力跑出去。 8.Outside,people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were raining down. 结构：while+过去进行时（表示两个同时发生的动作） 中文：外面，人们向四面八方跑，同时玻璃碎片和砖块像雨一样落下。 9.Then the walls began to come down too! 结构：begin to do sth.(开始做某事)；come down(倒塌) 中文：然后墙壁也开始倒塌了！ 10.Finally,the noise and shaking ended. 结构：副词finally(最终)置于句首 中文：最终，噪音和摇晃结束了。 11.It was dark and silent around me. 结构：It was+形容词+around+宾语 中文：我周围又黑又安静。 12.1 couldn't see anything at all. 结构：not.at all(一点也不) 中文：我什么也看不见。 13.I felt nervous,and my heart was beating really fast. 结构：feel+形容词（感到.）；heart was beating(心脏在跳动) 中文：我感到紧张，心脏跳得非常快。 14."I'm trapped,"I said to myself. 结构：say to oneself(自言自语) 中文："我被困住了，”我对自己说。 15.A moment of fear went through my mind,but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 结构：tell sb.to do sth.(告诉某人做某事)；calm down(冷静下来)；since (因为，既然) 中文：一阵恐惧闪过我的脑海，但我告诉自己要冷静，因为我还活着。 16.I shouted for help. 结构：shout for help(呼救) 中文：我大声呼救。 17.I thought somebody could hear me,but no one came for a very long time. 结构：could hear(能听到)；for a very long time(很长一段时间) 中文：我以为有人能听到俄，但很久都没有人来。 18.I knew I had to save energy and wait for help. 结构：save energy(保存体力)；wait for(等待) 中文：我知道我必须保存体力，等待救援。 19.Hours later,as I was trying to find my way out,I suddenly heard some noise above me. 结构：as+过去进行时（当.时）；try to do sth.(试图做某事)；find one's way out(找到出去的路) 中文：几小时后，当我正试图找到出去的路时，我突然听到上方有声音。 20."Help!Please help!I'm here!"I cried out in a weak voice. 结构：cry out(大喊)；in a weak voice(用微的声音) 中文：“救命！请救命！我在这里！”我用微弱的声音喊道。 21.Then I heard shouts from excited people. 结构：shouts from.(来自...的叫喊声) 中文：然后我听到兴奋的人们传来的喊声。 (22.They quickly moved away the bricks. 结构：move away(移开) 中文：他们迅速移开了砖块。 23.At last,I was safe! 结构：atlast(最终)；safe(安全的) 中文：最终，我安全了！ 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择（从A、B、C、D中选最佳答案） 1.I was working the earthquake started. A.when B.while C.for D.at 2.At first,I a slight shake A.felt B.feel C.fell D.fall A.with B.in C.for D,of A.out B.out of C.from D.into A.run B.to run C.running D.ran A.to B.for C.in D.at A.come B.came C.coming D.comes 8.It was dark and around me. A.quiet B.silent C.noise D.loud A.calm B.calmed C.calming D.calms A.save B.saved C.saving D.saves 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示写出英文，每空一词） 1.地震开始时，我正在工作。 working the earthquake started. 2起初，我感觉到轻微的晃动。 a slight shake 3.人们惊恐地大喊。 People fear 4我尽力跑出去。 my to run out. 5.人们向四面八方跑。 People were running directions. 6我什么也看不见。 see anything 7我对自己说： "我被困住了。“ I said "I'm trapped." 8.我必须保存体力并等待敕援。 I had to energy and for help. 9.他们迅速移开了砖块。 They quickly the bricks. 10.最终，我安全了」 I was safe! 练习三：翻译句子（将中文翻译成完整的英文句子，注意划线部分） 1起初，我感觉到轻微的昆动。 2.人们惊恐地大喊。 3.一些人跑出了大楼。 4.我也尽力跑出去。 5.到处都是玻璃碎片和砖块。 6我害怕，但我告诉自己冷静下来。 7.我用微弱的声音呼救。 8很久都没有人来。 9.他们移开了砖块。 10.最终，我安全了。 参考答案 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.B 练习一：单项选择 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.A 1.was;when;2.At first;felt;3.shouted in;4.tried;best; 练习二：完成句子 5.in all;6.couldn't;at all;7.to myself;8.save;wait; 9.moved away;10.At last 1.At first,I felt a slight shake.;2.People shouted in fear.; 3.Some ran out of the building.;4.I tried my best to run out 练习三：翻译句子 too.;5.Pieces of glass and bricks were everywhere.;6.1 felt nervous,but I told myself to calm down.;7.I cried out in a weak voice.8.No one came for a very long time.;9.They moved away the bricks.;10.At last,I was safe. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 The sound of an earthquake is often described as a low rumble or a loud roar.But the real danger comes from the shaking ground and falling objects.In 2010,a powerful earthquake hit Haiti,causing terrible damage.Many buildings fell down,leaving thousands of people homeless.The situation was very serious.People ran in all directions in fear.Some were trapped under the ruins.A young man named Jean survived because he remembered the safety rules.During the earthquake,he quickly got under a strong table and held onto its legs.When the shaking stopped,he carefully made his way out.He then helped others by shouting for help and directing rescuers.Jean's actions saved many lives.Later,he said,"The most important thing is to stay calm.Panic only makes things worse.We should always learn how to protect ourselves." ()1.What does the writer think is the most dangerous during an earthquake? A.The loud noise. B.The low rumble. C.The shaking ground and falling objects. D.The fear of people. ()2.Why did Jean survive the earthquake? A.He ran out of the building quickly. B.He hid under a strong table and followed safety rules. C.He shouted for help at once. D.He was in an open area. ()3.What did Jean do after the earthquake stopped? A.He went home. B.He helped rescue others. C.He cried in fear. D.He looked for his family. ()4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.The earthquake in Haiti happened in 2011. B.Jean thought it was important to stay calm during an earthquake. C.Many people saved themselves because of Jean's directions. D.The earthquake left no one homeless. ()5.What is the best title for this passage? A.The Terrible Earthquake in Haiti B.How to Stay Safe in an Earthquake C.A Brave Young Man Named Jean D.The Importance of Staying Calm B篇 When an earthquake happens,knowing what to do can keep you safe and sound. Here are some tips from experts If you are indoors,drop,cover,and hold on.Drop to your hands and knees.Cover your head and neck with your arms.If possible,get under a strong table or desk.Hold on until the shaking stops.Do not run outside during the shaking because falling objects may hurt you. If you are outdoors,stay away from buildings,streetlights,and power lines.Find an open area and stay there.If you are in a car,stop in a safe place away from bridges, overpasses,and buildings.Stay inside the car until the shaking ends. After the earthquake,be careful.Check yourself and others for injuries.Be ready for aftershocks.Listen to the radio or follow official directions.Do not use elevators.If you are trapped,cover your mouth to avoid breathing dust.Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you.Shout only as a last resort because you may breathe in too much dust. ()1.What should you do first if you are indoors during an earthquake? A.Run to the door. B.Drop to your hands and knees. C.Open the window. D.Call 120. ()2.Why shouldn't you run outside during the shaking? A.Because it's too dark outside. B.Because falling objects may hurt you. C.Because there is no one outside. D.Because the ground is too hot. ()3.If you are trapped,what is the best way to call for help? A.Shout as loudly as possible. B.Tap on a pipe or wall. C.Use a mobile phone if possible. D.Wave your hand through a gap. ()4.The passage mainly tells us A.how earthquakes happen B.what to do during and after an earthquake C.why earthquakes are terrible D.where earthquakes often happen ()5.In which part of a newspaper can we probably read this passage? A.Sports. B.Safety. C.Travel. D.Science. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Last Sunday,a terrible accident happened on the highway.A truck hit a car because the truck driver was 1.while driving.The car driver was badly hurt and lost a lot of blood.2. a young woman named Lily was driving behind them.She stopped her car at once and ran to help. Lily had learned first aid before.She 3. to the car driver,"Don't move！IH‖I help you."She used her scarf to stop the bleeding on his arm.Then she called 120.4. the ambulance arrived,she kept talking to the driver to keep him awake. "Stay with me!Help is coming,"she said 5._ a calm voice. The ambulance came after ten minutes.The doctors said that if Lily hadn't acted quickly,the driver might have died.The driver was sent to the hospital and 6. was safe and sound.Later,the driver's family thanked Lily again and again.Lily said,"I just did what everyone 7. do.Learning first aid is important.We never know when we will be 8. an emergency." This story tells us that a little knowledge can make a big 9. We should all learn some basic safety 10 to keep ourselves and others safe. A.sleeping B.eating C.texting D.singing A.Suddenly B.Luckily C.Carefully D.Usually A.shouted B.whispered C.reported D.smiled A.Since B.While C.Before D.After A.with B.in C.by D.through A.everyone B.no one C.someone D.anyone A.must B.could C.should D.need A.of B.for C.in D.about A.sound B.difference C.accident D.mistake A.rules B.directions C.skills D.ideas 三、阅读短文回答问题 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 In 2008,a strong earthquake hit Wenchuan,Sichuan.Many people lost their homes. But there was a heartwarming story.A young teacher named Tan Qianqiu used his body to protect four students.When the earthquake started,he quickly pushed the students under a desk and covered them with his arms.The heavy building fell down, but the four students survived.Teacher Tan,however,lost his life. After the earthquake,people found his body under the ruins.His arms were still holding the desk.The students'parents were very grateful.They said,"He gave his life for our children."Teacher Tan's story touched millions of people.He was called "the most beautiful teacher." Today,a statue of him stands in the school.Every year,students and teachers go there to remember him.They learn from him that true heroes always put others first. 1.Where did the earthquake happen in 2008? 2.How many students did Teacher Tan save? 3.What did Teacher Tan do to protect the students? 4.What was Teacher Tan called by people? 5.Why do students and teachers visit the statue every year? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) realize shake silent fearful terrible safe accident home situation difference Last Tuesday,a young boy named Tom was on his way home when he heard a loud noise.It was a car 1. _A car hit a tree because the driver was not paying attention.Tom saw the driver lying on the seat,unconscious.The 2.was very dangerous because the car might explode. Tom didn't panic.He first called 120.Then he ran to the car.He was 3.of the fire,but he told himself to calm down.He opened the door and checked the driver. The driver's leg was bleeding.Tom used his jacket to stop the bleeding.He kept talking to the driver to keep him awake. Minutes later,the ambulance came.The doctor said the driver would be 4. because Tom's quick action stopped the blood loss.The driver's family thanked Tom. Tom said,"I just 5.how important it is to learn first aid." After this 6.experience,Tom decided to learn more about safety.He thinks that everyone should know what to do in an emergency.He also hopes that no one will become 7.because of such accidents. Later,Tom's teacher asked him to share his story at school.Tom felt a little 8. but he stood on the stage bravely.He told the students,"When you see someone in trouble,don't run away.Help them,but always think about your own 9.first." All the students clapped.Tom felt proud.He realized that one small act could make a big 10. in someone's life. 1. 2. 3 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 五、写作 话题：How to Stay Safe in an Earthquake 提示： 1.地震发生时，如果你在室内，应该怎么做？ 2.如果你在室外，应该怎么做？ 3.如果被困，你应该如何求救？ 4学习这些安全知识的重要性。 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、阅读理 A篇：1.C2.B3.B4.B5.D 解 B篇：1.B2.B3.B4.B5.B 二、完形填 1.C;2.B;3.A;4.B;5.B;6.A;7.C;8.C;9.B;10.C 空 三、阅读短 1.In Wenchuan,Sichuan. 文回答问题 2.Four students. 3.He pushed the students under a desk and covered them with his arms. 4."The most beautiful teacher." 5.To remember him and learn from his heroism. 四、短文填 1.accident 2.situation 3.fearful 4.safe 5.realized 6.terrible 7.homeless 空 8.silent 9.safe 10.difference 五、写作 范文： How to Stay Safe in an Earthquake During an earthquake,if you are indoors,drop,cover,and hold on.Get under a strong table and protect your head.Do not run outside.If you are outdoors,stay away from buildings and power lines,and find an open area.If you are trapped,tap on a pipe or wall to call for help.Shout only when necessary.Learning these safety rules is important because they can save lives.Always stay calm and remember what to do. Safety comes first!(80)