Unit 2 知识清单 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语知识清单围绕“Home Sweet Home”单元主题，系统梳理家务劳动与家庭责任相关词汇、短语、句型及情态动词could用法，构建从基础词汇（含拓展变形）到语法应用（委婉请求表达）再到情境对话的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类呈现（单词-短语-句型-语法）和分级标注（★重点句型）强化知识体系，如“invite→invitation”等词汇变形表培养语言能力，“could表委婉请求”语法模块结合情境例句提升学习能力。设计巩固练习（填空、选择、完成句子）适配不同学习需求，教师可直接用于课堂复习，学生能自主检测薄弱点，高效夯实单元核心知识。

2024人教版英语八年级上册 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home知识清单 单元主题:甜蜜的家 —— 谈论家务劳动与家庭责任,学习情态动词could表委婉请求 一、重点单词 English 中文 拓展/变形 invite 邀请 invite sb. to do sth. invitation n. 邀请函 describe 描述;形容 description n. 描述;形容 familiar 熟悉的 be familiar with(人熟悉某物) be familiar to(物为人所熟悉) joke 笑话;开玩笑 tell jokes 讲笑话;play a joke on sb. 开某人玩笑 scissors 剪刀(复数) a pair of scissors 一把剪刀 glue 胶水;粘贴 不可数名词 cover 遮盖;封皮 cover...with... 用……覆盖 block 阻挡;堵塞 block the road 堵路 balcony 阳台 复数balconies luggage 行李 不可数名词 decorate 装饰;装潢 decoration n. 装饰品 poster 海报 put up a poster 张贴海报 paper-cut 剪纸 中国传统手工艺 treasure 宝藏;珍视 treasure hunt 寻宝游戏 share 分享;共用 share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物 careful 小心的;仔细的 be careful with 注意;当心 could 能;可以(can过去式) 用于委婉请求或表示过去能力 lift 搭便车;举起 give sb. a lift 开车顺便送某人 mess 杂乱;混乱 in a mess 乱七八糟;make a mess 弄得一团糟 rubbish / garbage 垃圾;废物 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 sweep 扫;打扫 过去式swept;sweep the floor 扫地 fold 折叠;对折 fold the clothes 叠衣服 二、词汇变形汇总 1. invite v. 邀请 invitation n. 邀请;请柬 1. describe v. 描述 description n. 描述 1. familiar adj. 熟悉的 familiarity n. 熟悉 1. joke n./v. 笑话 jokingly adv. 开玩笑地 1. decorate v. 装饰 decoration n. 装饰品 1. care n./v. 关心 careful(adj. 仔细的) carefully(adv.) careless(adj. 粗心的) 1. sweep swept(过去式) swept(过去分词) 1. fold folded(过去式) folding(adj. 可折叠的) 1. clean cleaned cleaning(n. 清洁) 1. can could(过去式);can表能力/could表委婉 1. mess n. 混乱 messy(adj. 杂乱的) 1. comfort v./n. comfortable uncomfortable 三、重点短语 1. pack up 打包;收拾行李 1. hang up 挂起;挂断电话 1. clean up 清扫;打扫干净 1. add...to... 把……加入…… 1. go shopping 去购物 1. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 1. sweep the floor 扫地 1. do the dishes 洗碗;洗餐具 1. fold the clothes 叠衣服 1. clean the bathroom 打扫浴室 1. feed the fish 喂鱼 1. water the plants 浇花 1. give sb. a lift 开车顺便送某人 1. take notes 做笔记 1. be careful with 注意;当心 1. share sth. with sb. 把……与……分享 1. be familiar with 熟悉(某物) 1. be familiar to 为(某人)所熟悉 1. describe...as... 把……描述为…… 1. tell jokes 讲笑话 1. pull...into... 把……拉入…… 1. wait for 等待 1. cover...with... 用……覆盖 1. be covered with 被……覆盖 1. treasure hunt 寻宝游戏 1. no matter 不论;不要紧 1. get ready for = be ready for 为……做准备 1. can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事 四、重点句型 — Could you please take out the rubbish? — Sure, no problem. ——你能把垃圾倒了吗?——当然,没问题。 — Could you please not hang up the photos there? — Sorry, I won't. ——你能别把照片挂在那儿吗?——抱歉,我不会了。 I want to go shopping this weekend. She invited me to go with her. 我这个周末想去购物。她邀请我和她一起去。 Can you help me clean up the living room? I can't wait to see the result! 你能帮我打扫客厅吗?我迫不及待想看到成果! We're getting ready for the family party. Mom is cooking dinner. 我们正在为家庭聚会做准备。妈妈正在做晚饭。 Could you please do the dishes after dinner? — Of course! ——晚饭后你能洗碗吗?——当然! He described the room as a mess. There was rubbish everywhere. 他把房间描述得一团糟。到处都是垃圾。 五、语法知识 情态动词 could & can 表请求与许可 【一、could 表委婉请求】 句式:Could you (please) + 动词原形 + 其他? Could you please take out the rubbish? 你能倒垃圾吗? Could you please not make so much noise? 你能别制造这么多噪音吗? 肯定回答:Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / Certainly. 否定回答:Sorry, I can't. / I'm afraid not. 【二、could 与 can 的区别】 can 语气较直接:Can you help me?(你能帮我吗?) could 语气更委婉客气:Could you help me?(您能帮我吗?) 注意:回答could提问时,常用can/can't(不用could/couldn't) — Could you open the window? — Yes, I can. / Sorry, I can't. 【三、could 表过去能力】 could 是 can 的过去式,表示"过去能/会" He could swim when he was five. 他五岁时就会游泳了。 She could dance well when she was young. 她年轻时跳舞跳得很好。 【四、make/let/have + 宾语 + 动词原形】 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 Mom makes me clean my room. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 Let me help you. have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 I'll have the waiter bring the menu. 【五、祈使句复习】 肯定:动词原形开头 Clean your room! Be careful! 否定:Don't + 动词原形 Don't be late! Don't hang up yet! 【六、动词 + 副词 短语(动副结构)】 宾语是代词时,必须放在动词和副词中间: turn it on(√) / turn on it( ) pick it up(√) / pick up it( ) 宾语是名词时,位置灵活: turn on the light = turn the light on 6、 巩固练习 一、单词/短语填空 1. _ (can) you please pass me the salt? (委婉请求) 2. When I was young, I _ (can) run very fast. 3. My mom makes me _ (clean) my room every day. 4. Please _ (not make) too much noise. The baby is sleeping. 5. Let him _ (do) the dishes after dinner. 二、单项选择 1. — Could you help me with my homework? — _ A. Yes, I could. B. Sure, I can. C. No, I couldn't. 2. When she was five, she _ speak three languages. A. can B. could C. will can 3. The teacher let us _ a test yesterday. A. take B. takes C. to take 4. _ play football in the street. It's dangerous. A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't 5. Please _ the window. It's too cold. A. close B. to close C. closing 6. My father _ me a story every night when I was young. A. tells B. made C. let 7. — Could I borrow your pen? — _. Here you are. A. Yes, you could B. No, you can't C. Of course you can 8. She is good at cooking. She can _ delicious meals. A. does B. do C. did 9. _ late for school again! A. Not be B. Don't be C. Not to be 10. He _ swim when he was only four years old. A. can B. could C. is able to 三、完成句子 1. 你能帮我一下吗? _ you _ me, please? 2. 我妈妈让我每天整理床铺。 My mom makes me _ my bed every day. 3. 请不要在课堂上吃东西。 Please _ _ in class. 4. 他过去能跑得很快。 He _ _ very fast when he was young. 5. 让我们去公园散步吧。 _ _ take a walk in the park. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $