Unit 4The Earth（复习讲义）英语新教材沪教版七年级上册

该初中英语Unit 4 The Earth复习讲义通过表格系统梳理知识体系，将核心词汇短语（环境类如pollution、protect）、语音（长短元音/辅音）、语法（There be句型）、语用写作（地球污染讨论、倡议书）及拓展内容（塞罕坝治沙）整合，用框架图呈现语法结构（如There be的就近原则、否定疑问形式），清晰标注重难点（如there be与have/has的区分），构建起从基础到应用的知识脉络。 讲义亮点在于“考点-练习-拓展”的三维设计，通过中考链接（如as...as...的单选题）和新题速递（如pay attention to的填空题）强化语言能力，结合塞罕坝治沙阅读材料培养思维品质与文化意识。语法部分用对比表格区分each与every等易混点，帮助学生掌握学习策略，测试卷包含选词填空、阅读理解等分层题型，基础生巩固知识，优秀生拓展思维，为教师精准教学提供支持。

Unit 4 The Earth（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 核心词汇&短语 环境类：pollution, plastic, protect, desert, generation 短语：there be, cut down, blow away, hundreds of 2. 语音 长短元音 /ʌ/ /ɑː/ /ɔː/ /uː/；辅音 /k/ /g/ 3. 语法核心：There be 句型 1. there is+单数/不可数；there are+复数 2. 就近原则；否定、一般疑问 4. 语用&写作 1. 口语：地球各类污染问题讨论 2. 写作：保护地球倡议书（现状-问题-措施） 5. 拓展 塞罕坝治沙；风与空气（地球科学） 复习重难点 重点：1. There be 就近原则判断 2. 环保类话题句型背诵 3. 阅读段落主旨句定位 难点：1. there be与have/has 用法区分 2. 客观描述环境问题的书面表达 3. 结合塞罕坝材料完成阅读理解简答 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 一．as...as...的用法 用法分析：as...as....表示“与……一样”，用于两者的同级比较。否定形式not as/so...as，中间应接形容词/副词的原级，不能用比较级。 我认为英语与数学一样重要。I think English is as important as math. 他不如他父亲高。He is not as/so tall as his father. 汤姆和蒂姆一样高。Tom is as tall as Tim. 考点拓展 （1）as well as可视为as...as...结构与well的搭配，意为“与……一样好”。 （2）as well as还表示“不但……而且，既是……也是，而且，还；和”。当as well as连接两个成分做主语时，谓语的单复数形式通常要与前面主语保持一致。 Tom as well as his parents is going to London.汤姆和他的父母要去伦敦。 中考链接 Alice does her homework as as Peter. A. carefully B. more careful C. careful 二．More and more 的用法 get/become+比较级+and+比较级，意为“变得越来越……”，and连接两个相同的形容词比较级，当形容词是多音节或部分双音节词时，结构变为“get/ become more and more+形容词原级”。 It's getting colder and colder when winter comes. 当冬天来临时，天气变得越来越冷。 Our hometown is getting more and more beautiful我们的家乡正变得越来越美丽。 三．protect的用法 用法分析 protect为及物动词，意为“保护；防护”，后接名词或代词做宾语。强调使不受到伤害或损害，常与介词from或 against连用。 Protect...against/from...意为“保护……免于……”。 你应该学会保护自己。You should learn to protect yourself. 他戴上太阳镜以保护眼睛免受日光的强烈照射。 He put on the sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 考点拓展 protection做不可数名词，意为“保护防卫” 四．长、宽、高等的表达方式 用法分析 “数字+meter(s) deep”是一种表达深度的方法。 这个洞大约5米深。The hole is about5 meters deep. 注意 在英语中，表示长、宽、高等时，主要有两种表达方式：基数词+单位词+形容词（long, wide, high, deep等）；基数词+单位词+in+名词（length, width, height, depth等）。单位词有 meter, foot, inch, kilogram等。 两米高 two meters high/two meters in height 中考链接 —Have you heard about Zhangjiajie Glass Footbridge? —Of course, it's built over a canyon in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park. A. 300-meter-deep B. 300-meters-deep C. 300 meter deep D. 300-meters deep 五． pay attention to的用法 用法分析 pay attention to意为“注意；关注”，其中to为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式。 在课堂上，我们必须集中精力听老师讲课。We must pay attention to listening to the teacher in class. 固定搭配 attention keep one’s attention保持某人的注意力 pay attention to注意，关注 catch one’s attention引起某人的注意 get one’s attention得到某人的注意 attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意 要点拓展 常见的to做介词，后接动名词的词组 look forward to盼望 prefer...to...比起……更喜欢…… be/get/become used to习惯于 thanks to幸亏，由于 put one’s mind to全神贯注于 devote oneself to...献身于…… 【新题速递】根据汉语意思完成句子 戴安娜总是在旅行前关注天气。 Diana always the weather before traveling. 六． end up的用法 用法分析 end up意为“终止；结束”，表示最后的结果，尤指意料之外的结局，其后可接动名词，表示“最终还是做了某事”。 那个人最后在一场车祸中丧命。The man ended up dead in a car accident. 固定搭配 （1） end up with... 以……结束 end up in… 以某种结局结束 end up doing sth. 以做某事结束 end up+adj. 以……结束 The party ends up with a poem.聚会以一首诗结束。 If you don’t listen to me, you will end up in failure.如果你不听我的话，你会以失败告终。 We always end up speaking Chinese every time we are told to practice spoken English.每次我们被要求练习英语口语时，总是以讲汉语而结束。 If he goes on driving like this, he will end up dead.如果他继续像这样开车，总有一天会把命丢掉。 （2） end构成的短语 at the end of在……末端/尽头 by the end of到……末为止 in the end最终 【新题速递】-If you do that, you will with an egg on your face. -But I won’t regret it. A. take up B. end up C. keep up D. catch up 七． find out 的用法 用法分析 find out指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相，即“查明，弄清楚”。 请弄清楚火车什么时候开。Please find out when the train leaves. 要点拓展 look for表示“寻找”，强调“找”的动作；find强调“找，发现”的结果。 What are you looking for？你在找什么？ I can’t find my watch.我找不到我的手表了。 【新题速递】Tina comes to China in order to experience Chinese culture and which university is the best for her to attend. A. put out B. stay out C. find out D. run out 八． each 的用法 用法分析 each表示一定数目中的“每一个”，做主语时谓语用单数；做同位语时谓语用复数。 我们每人都有一本英语书。Each of us has an English book. =We each have an English book.（each做同位语） 要点辨析 each，every each 用于两者或两者以上，个别意义较重，表示各个不同，强调个人或个别。 可接of短语，every则不可；each还可做定语、状语，修饰单数名词。 every 表示数目不确定的许多人或物中间的“每一个”，表示“全体”意义，用于三者或三者以上。 every还可用于数词前，each则不能，如every five minutes（每5分钟）。 Each of his children goes to different schools.他的每个孩子都在不同的学校里读书。 Every child must finish their homework on time.每个孩子必须按时完成作业。 【新题速递】Each of us a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future. A. has B. have C. will have D. had 九．cover的用法 用法分析 cover做动词，意为“覆盖；遮掩”；做名词，意为“封面；盖子”。 山上覆盖着雪。The hills were covered with snow. 他这本书的封皮和你那本书的封皮一样。This book of his has the same cover as yours. 固定搭配 cover...with...用……把……覆盖；be covered with/by...被……所覆盖。 About three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面约四分之三被水覆盖着。 【新题速递】根据句意及首字母提示补全单词 Most of the earth’s surface is by water. 十.hundred的用法 用法分析 hundred百，数词，前面可以加具体的数字，表示“……百”。 我仅有三百元钱。I have only three hundred yuan. 考点拓展 hundreds of表示“数百的，成百上千的”。 Hundreds of students are having a meeting in the hall.数百名学生正在礼堂里开会。 中考特殊考点（1）hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万），这几个词前面有具体的数词（one,two...）时，不能在它们的后面加s和of。 （2）“hundreds of /thousands of/millions of+名词”，表示“数百的/数千的/数百万的……”。这几个带of的短语前不能加具体数字，但可以加some,several,hundreds of等修饰。 five hundred people五百人 hundreds of trees 成百上千棵树 three thousand students三千名学生thousands of tourists成千上万名游客 中考链接 In our hometown, villagers leave for big cities to look for jobs. A.two hundreds of B.hundred of C.hundreds of D.two hundreds 单元语法：There be 句型 一、基本用法 1.There be句型主要用来表达“某地或某时有某人或某物”，其基本句型为“ There be+某物/某人+某地某时”，其中 there没有实际意义；be是谓语动词；“某人或某物”做句子的主语；“某地或某时”做句子的状语，一般是介词短语。 There is a football under the chair.椅子下面有个足球。 2.There be句型中的be动词在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或可数名词单数时用is，是复数时用are。 There is a flower in the bottle.瓶子里有一朵花。 There are some books in the backpack.背包里有些书。 3.There be句型的否定结构在is/are后面加not，一般疑问句把is或are放在there之前，肯定回答“Yes, there is/are.”，否定回答“No,there isn't/aren't.”。如果肯定句中有some，否定句和疑问句一般要改成any。 There aren't any children on the playground.操场上没有一些孩子。 —Is there a bank near here？在这附近有银行吗？ —Yes,there is.是的，有。/No,there isn't.不，没有。 There are some children in the picture.照片里有一些孩子。 There aren't any children in the picture.照片里没有一些孩子。 二、特殊用法 1.若句子中有几个并列的主语时，be动词要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。（就近原则） There is a boy,a girl and two women in the house.房子里有一个男孩、一个女孩和两个妇女。 There are ten students and a teacher in the office.办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。 2.“There be+名词或代词+动词-ing形式”意思是“有某人或某物正在做……”。 There are some teachers playing basketball on the playground.有些老师正在操场上打篮球。 3.There be句型的一般将来时的肯定结构为“There will be+名词+其他成分.”或“There is going to be+名词+其他成分.”，意为“将要有……或“将举行……”。（注意：不论be后的名词是单数还是复数，be不能写成is/are） There will be a meeting tomorrow morning.明天上午有个会议。 三、难点突破 There be句型与 have/has都可以意为“有”，但它们的含义不同。There be句型表示的是“存在关系”，而 have/has表示的却是“所有关系”，have/has的主语一般是人，有时也可以是物。 There is a car in front of the school gate.学校门前有辆小汽车。（强调车在门前） I have a car.我有一辆小汽车。（强调车归我所有） 注意（1）如果这两个表示“有”的句型中含有some，改为否定句或疑问句时some要改为any。 There is some water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。 → There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。 （2）表示“构成”关系时，have/has与 There be结构常常表示相同的意思，可以进行同义句转换。 A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。 一.单项填空 1.Let's save pandas！There only about 2,000 pandas living in the forests now. A.am B.is C.are 2.There a folk music concert in Xinjiang Opera Theater next month. A.is going to have B.will have C.is D.is going to be 3.Look！There a photo of our English teacher in today's newspaper！ A.is B.are C.have D.has 4.—Is there any outdoor learning in your school？ — .We learn outdoors once or twice every month. A.Yes,there is B.No,there isn't C.Yes,it is D.No,it isn't 5.— there anything new in today's Qianzhong Morning Daily？ —No.But there______ some inspiring stories worth reading. A.Is；is B.Are；are C.Is；are D.Are；is 6.There an NBA match on TV this weekend. A.will play B.is going to be C.will have D.is going to have 7.There an amusement park near my home. I often see children play there. A.am B.is C.are D.be 8.There some students on the playground. A.is B.have C.has D.have 9.—What's in the picture？ —There a teacher and some student playing games on the playground. A.is B.are C.has D.have 10.—There are some boys basketball over there. —Let's go and join them. A.are playing B.playing C.to play 二.句型转换 11.There are some pictures on the wall.（改为否定句） There pictures on the wall. 12.There is some water in the bottle.（改为一般疑问句） there water in the bottle？ 13.Are there any chairs near the window？（做肯定回答） , . 14.There are two bikes under the tree.（对画线部分提问） are there under the tree？ 15.There is a little orange juice in the bottle.（对画线部分提问） orange juice there in the bottle？ （时间：30分钟） 沪教版七年级英语上册Unit4 The Earth 单元测试卷 一、选词填空 从方框中选择适当的词或短语，并用其正确形式填空，每词仅用一次。 pollute, protect, generation, energy, survive, chemical, cut down, sandstorm, ocean, provide 1．The Earth us with clean water and fresh air every day. 2．Bad air and water make it hard for animals to in the wild. 3．Farmers should not use too many harmful on their farms. 4．If people keep trees, more deserts will appear. 5．In northern China, strong winds often bring terrible in spring. 6．We must take action our only home—the Earth. 7．Burning gas and oil creates useful for human beings. 8．Many kinds of fish live in the deep . 9．Never throw rubbish into rivers, or we will the clean water. 10．My grandma is the first of workers in this forest station. 二、单词拼写 11．There ________ (be) little clean groundwater for people to use now. 12．People burn oil and gas, so there are more ________ (harm) gases in the air. 13．Stop ________ (hunt) wild animals, or they will disappear soon. 14．We should use reusable bags instead of ________ (plastic) bags. 15．Wild animals are much ________ (few) than before. 16．So far, workers __________ (plant) thousands of trees in Saihanba. 17．The strong wind ________ (blow) away many young trees last winter. 18．It is difficult for poor animals __________ (survive) in cold weather. 19．Many ________ (farm) realize the importance of protecting nature. 20．Everyone should make a plan __________ (stop) water pollution. 三、阅读理解 Our planet is getting sick. Human activities bring many environmental problems. Water pollution is one of the most serious problems. Every year, tons of plastic rubbish flows into rivers, lakes and oceans. Sea animals often mistake plastic for food and lose their lives. Some factories pour dirty water into waterways, making the water dark and smelly. Air pollution is another big trouble. Cars and factories produce harmful smoke. The dirty air makes people cough and brings bad weather such as heavy smog. Sandstorms also trouble northern cities in spring. Luckily, it is never too late to save the Earth. Scientists give simple advice: save water, use less plastic and plant more trees. Ordinary people can also do easy small things. For example, take reusable bags when shopping, turn off lights when leaving rooms and never throw rubbish everywhere. Small actions from everyone can greatly change our planet. 21．What does the underlined word “mistake” mean in the passage? A．介意 B．误把……当作 C．想念 D．处理 22．Which problem is NOT mentioned in the text? A．Water pollution. B．Air pollution. C．Noise pollution. D．Sandstorms. 23．What can we do to protect the Earth according to the passage? A．Use more plastic bags. B．Save water and plant trees. C．Drive cars every day. D．Throw rubbish into rivers. 24．What is the best title for this passage? A．Protect Our Sick Earth B．Beautiful Sea Animals C．The History of Saihanba D．How to Save Water 四、完形填空 The Earth is a beautiful planet with forests, rivers and oceans. It is our home, and it gives us 25 we need to live. However, human beings hurt the planet in many ways. Many people cut down trees for money. Forests become smaller, and some animals lose their living 26 . Water pollution is getting worse. People throw rubbish into water, and factories make the water 27 . As a result, more water animals are dying every year. Air pollution is also 28 . Harmful gases make the sky grey and bring bad weather. Now, more and more people start to realize the 29 of protecting nature. Volunteers organize different kinds of cleaning activities. On sunny weekends, they go to the beach to 30 rubbish. Students learn to save energy at school. They turn off lights when classrooms are 31 . Saving the Earth is not only a task for scientists, 32 for every common person. We do not need to do big difficult things. Even 33 smallest action can help our planet. Never forget: we have only one Earth. Let’s work together and make a big 34 to our home. 25．A．nothing B．everything C．something D．anything 26．A．places B．pets C．food D．energy 27．A．clean B．fresh C．dirty D．cold 28．A．simple B．serious C．peaceful D．boring 29．A．importance B．difficulty C．generation D．chemical 30．A．blow away B．pick up C．cut down D．give up 31．A．full B．busy C．empty D．noisy 32．A．but B．so C．or D．and 33．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 34．A．mistake B．difference C．problem D．noise 五、阅读理解 阅读短文,从A-E五个选项中选出最佳选项填入空白处,有一项为多余选项。 Nature gives us endless gifts. Clean water, fresh air and green forests are all important for human life. 35 Forests are the lungs of the Earth. They take in harmful gas and produce oxygen. 36 Many small animals live safely in trees. Also, trees can stop sandstorms and heavy floods. Water is another valuable resource. All living things need water to survive. 37 Once the water is polluted, it will take hundreds of years to become clean again. Protecting nature is protecting ourselves. We must change our bad habits. Stop using too much plastic and save energy every day. 38 A better future is waiting for us. A．It is also home to thousands of animals. B．We should learn to protect our natural resources. C．People can live without air for a short time. D．However, fresh water on Earth is very limited. E．Try our best to make the Earth clean and beautiful. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 The Earth（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 核心词汇&短语 环境类：pollution, plastic, protect, desert, generation 短语：there be, cut down, blow away, hundreds of 2. 语音 长短元音 /ʌ/ /ɑː/ /ɔː/ /uː/；辅音 /k/ /g/ 3. 语法核心：There be 句型 1. there is+单数/不可数；there are+复数 2. 就近原则；否定、一般疑问 4. 语用&写作 1. 口语：地球各类污染问题讨论 2. 写作：保护地球倡议书（现状-问题-措施） 5. 拓展 塞罕坝治沙；风与空气（地球科学） 复习重难点 重点：1. There be 就近原则判断 2. 环保类话题句型背诵 3. 阅读段落主旨句定位 难点：1. there be与have/has 用法区分 2. 客观描述环境问题的书面表达 3. 结合塞罕坝材料完成阅读理解简答 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 一．as...as...的用法 用法分析：as...as....表示“与……一样”，用于两者的同级比较。否定形式not as/so...as，中间应接形容词/副词的原级，不能用比较级。 我认为英语与数学一样重要。I think English is as important as math. 他不如他父亲高。He is not as/so tall as his father. 汤姆和蒂姆一样高。Tom is as tall as Tim. 考点拓展 （1）as well as可视为as...as...结构与well的搭配，意为“与……一样好”。 （2）as well as还表示“不但……而且，既是……也是，而且，还；和”。当as well as连接两个成分做主语时，谓语的单复数形式通常要与前面主语保持一致。 Tom as well as his parents is going to London.汤姆和他的父母要去伦敦。 中考链接 Alice does her homework as ___A___ as Peter. A. carefully B. more careful C. careful 二．More and more 的用法 get/become+比较级+and+比较级，意为“变得越来越……”，and连接两个相同的形容词比较级，当形容词是多音节或部分双音节词时，结构变为“get/ become more and more+形容词原级”。 It's getting colder and colder when winter comes. 当冬天来临时，天气变得越来越冷。 Our hometown is getting more and more beautiful我们的家乡正变得越来越美丽。 三．protect的用法 用法分析 protect为及物动词，意为“保护；防护”，后接名词或代词做宾语。强调使不受到伤害或损害，常与介词from或 against连用。 Protect...against/from...意为“保护……免于……”。 你应该学会保护自己。You should learn to protect yourself. 他戴上太阳镜以保护眼睛免受日光的强烈照射。 He put on the sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 考点拓展 protection做不可数名词，意为“保护防卫” 四．长、宽、高等的表达方式 用法分析 “数字+meter(s) deep”是一种表达深度的方法。 这个洞大约5米深。The hole is about5 meters deep. 注意 在英语中，表示长、宽、高等时，主要有两种表达方式：基数词+单位词+形容词（long, wide, high, deep等）；基数词+单位词+in+名词（length, width, height, depth等）。单位词有 meter, foot, inch, kilogram等。 两米高 two meters high/two meters in height 中考链接 —Have you heard about Zhangjiajie Glass Footbridge? —Of course, it's built over a A canyon in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park. A. 300-meter-deep B. 300-meters-deep C. 300 meter deep D. 300-meters deep 五． pay attention to的用法 用法分析 pay attention to意为“注意；关注”，其中to为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式。 在课堂上，我们必须集中精力听老师讲课。We must pay attention to listening to the teacher in class. 固定搭配 attention keep one’s attention保持某人的注意力 pay attention to注意，关注 catch one’s attention引起某人的注意 get one’s attention得到某人的注意 attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意 要点拓展 常见的to做介词，后接动名词的词组 look forward to盼望 prefer...to...比起……更喜欢…… be/get/become used to习惯于 thanks to幸亏，由于 put one’s mind to全神贯注于 devote oneself to...献身于…… 【新题速递】根据汉语意思完成句子 戴安娜总是在旅行前关注天气。 Diana always pays attention to/cares about the weather before traveling. 六． end up的用法 用法分析 end up意为“终止；结束”，表示最后的结果，尤指意料之外的结局，其后可接动名词，表示“最终还是做了某事”。 那个人最后在一场车祸中丧命。The man ended up dead in a car accident. 固定搭配 （1） end up with... 以……结束 end up in… 以某种结局结束 end up doing sth. 以做某事结束 end up+adj. 以……结束 The party ends up with a poem.聚会以一首诗结束。 If you don’t listen to me, you will end up in failure.如果你不听我的话，你会以失败告终。 We always end up speaking Chinese every time we are told to practice spoken English.每次我们被要求练习英语口语时，总是以讲汉语而结束。 If he goes on driving like this, he will end up dead.如果他继续像这样开车，总有一天会把命丢掉。 （2） end构成的短语 at the end of在……末端/尽头 by the end of到……末为止 in the end最终 【新题速递】-If you do that, you will ___B___ with an egg on your face. -But I won’t regret it. A. take up B. end up C. keep up D. catch up 七． find out 的用法 用法分析 find out指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相，即“查明，弄清楚”。 请弄清楚火车什么时候开。Please find out when the train leaves. 要点拓展 look for表示“寻找”，强调“找”的动作；find强调“找，发现”的结果。 What are you looking for？你在找什么？ I can’t find my watch.我找不到我的手表了。 【新题速递】Tina comes to China in order to experience Chinese culture and ___C___ which university is the best for her to attend. A. put out B. stay out C. find out D. run out 八． each 的用法 用法分析 each表示一定数目中的“每一个”，做主语时谓语用单数；做同位语时谓语用复数。 我们每人都有一本英语书。Each of us has an English book. =We each have an English book.（each做同位语） 要点辨析 each，every each 用于两者或两者以上，个别意义较重，表示各个不同，强调个人或个别。 可接of短语，every则不可；each还可做定语、状语，修饰单数名词。 every 表示数目不确定的许多人或物中间的“每一个”，表示“全体”意义，用于三者或三者以上。 every还可用于数词前，each则不能，如every five minutes（每5分钟）。 Each of his children goes to different schools.他的每个孩子都在不同的学校里读书。 Every child must finish their homework on time.每个孩子必须按时完成作业。 【新题速递】Each of us ___A___ a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future. A. has B. have C. will have D. had 九．cover的用法 用法分析 cover做动词，意为“覆盖；遮掩”；做名词，意为“封面；盖子”。 山上覆盖着雪。The hills were covered with snow. 他这本书的封皮和你那本书的封皮一样。This book of his has the same cover as yours. 固定搭配 cover...with...用……把……覆盖；be covered with/by...被……所覆盖。 About three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面约四分之三被水覆盖着。 【新题速递】根据句意及首字母提示补全单词 Most of the earth’s surface is covered by water. 十.hundred的用法 用法分析 hundred百，数词，前面可以加具体的数字，表示“……百”。 我仅有三百元钱。I have only three hundred yuan. 考点拓展 hundreds of表示“数百的，成百上千的”。 Hundreds of students are having a meeting in the hall.数百名学生正在礼堂里开会。 中考特殊考点（1）hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万），这几个词前面有具体的数词（one,two...）时，不能在它们的后面加s和of。 （2）“hundreds of /thousands of/millions of+名词”，表示“数百的/数千的/数百万的……”。这几个带of的短语前不能加具体数字，但可以加some,several,hundreds of等修饰。 five hundred people五百人 hundreds of trees 成百上千棵树 three thousand students三千名学生thousands of tourists成千上万名游客 中考链接 In our hometown,___C___villagers leave for big cities to look for jobs. A.two hundreds of B.hundred of C.hundreds of D.two hundreds 单元语法：There be 句型 一、基本用法 1.There be句型主要用来表达“某地或某时有某人或某物”，其基本句型为“ There be+某物/某人+某地某时”，其中 there没有实际意义；be是谓语动词；“某人或某物”做句子的主语；“某地或某时”做句子的状语，一般是介词短语。 There is a football under the chair.椅子下面有个足球。 2.There be句型中的be动词在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或可数名词单数时用is，是复数时用are。 There is a flower in the bottle.瓶子里有一朵花。 There are some books in the backpack.背包里有些书。 3.There be句型的否定结构在is/are后面加not，一般疑问句把is或are放在there之前，肯定回答“Yes, there is/are.”，否定回答“No,there isn't/aren't.”。如果肯定句中有some，否定句和疑问句一般要改成any。 There aren't any children on the playground.操场上没有一些孩子。 —Is there a bank near here？在这附近有银行吗？ —Yes,there is.是的，有。/No,there isn't.不，没有。 There are some children in the picture.照片里有一些孩子。 There aren't any children in the picture.照片里没有一些孩子。 二、特殊用法 1.若句子中有几个并列的主语时，be动词要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。（就近原则） There is a boy,a girl and two women in the house.房子里有一个男孩、一个女孩和两个妇女。 There are ten students and a teacher in the office.办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。 2.“There be+名词或代词+动词-ing形式”意思是“有某人或某物正在做……”。 There are some teachers playing basketball on the playground.有些老师正在操场上打篮球。 3.There be句型的一般将来时的肯定结构为“There will be+名词+其他成分.”或“There is going to be+名词+其他成分.”，意为“将要有……或“将举行……”。（注意：不论be后的名词是单数还是复数，be不能写成is/are） There will be a meeting tomorrow morning.明天上午有个会议。 三、难点突破 There be句型与 have/has都可以意为“有”，但它们的含义不同。There be句型表示的是“存在关系”，而 have/has表示的却是“所有关系”，have/has的主语一般是人，有时也可以是物。 There is a car in front of the school gate.学校门前有辆小汽车。（强调车在门前） I have a car.我有一辆小汽车。（强调车归我所有） 注意（1）如果这两个表示“有”的句型中含有some，改为否定句或疑问句时some要改为any。 There is some water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。 → There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。 （2）表示“构成”关系时，have/has与 There be结构常常表示相同的意思，可以进行同义句转换。 A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。 一.单项填空 1.Let's save pandas！There___C___ only about 2,000 pandas living in the forests now. A.am B.is C.are 2.There___D___a folk music concert in Xinjiang Opera Theater next month. A.is going to have B.will have C.is D.is going to be 3.Look！There___A___ a photo of our English teacher in today's newspaper！ A.is B.are C.have D.has 4.—Is there any outdoor learning in your school？ —___A___.We learn outdoors once or twice every month. A.Yes,there is B.No,there isn't C.Yes,it is D.No,it isn't 5.—___C___there anything new in today's Qianzhong Morning Daily？ —No.But there______ some inspiring stories worth reading. A.Is；is B.Are；are C.Is；are D.Are；is 6.There___B___ an NBA match on TV this weekend. A.will play B.is going to be C.will have D.is going to have 7.There___B___ an amusement park near my home. I often see children play there. A.am B.is C.are D.be 8.There___D___ some students on the playground. A.is B.have C.has D.have 9.—What's in the picture？ —There___A___ a teacher and some student playing games on the playground. A.is B.are C.has D.have 10.—There are some boys___B___ basketball over there. —Let's go and join them. A.are playing B.playing C.to play 二.句型转换 11.There are some pictures on the wall.（改为否定句） There___are___ ___not___ ___any___ pictures on the wall. 12.There is some water in the bottle.（改为一般疑问句） ___Is___ ___there___ ___any___water in the bottle？ 13.Are there any chairs near the window？（做肯定回答） ___Yes___,___there___ ___are___. 14.There are two bikes under the tree.（对画线部分提问） ___How___ ___many___ ___bikes___are there under the tree？ 15.There is a little orange juice in the bottle.（对画线部分提问） ___How___ ___much___orange juice there in the bottle？ （时间：30分钟） 沪教版七年级英语上册Unit4 The Earth 单元测试卷 一、选词填空 从方框中选择适当的词或短语，并用其正确形式填空，每词仅用一次。 pollute, protect, generation, energy, survive, chemical, cut down, sandstorm, ocean, provide 1．The Earth us with clean water and fresh air every day. 2．Bad air and water make it hard for animals to in the wild. 3．Farmers should not use too many harmful on their farms. 4．If people keep trees, more deserts will appear. 5．In northern China, strong winds often bring terrible in spring. 6．We must take action our only home—the Earth. 7．Burning gas and oil creates useful for human beings. 8．Many kinds of fish live in the deep . 9．Never throw rubbish into rivers, or we will the clean water. 10．My grandma is the first of workers in this forest station. 二、单词拼写 11．There ________ (be) little clean groundwater for people to use now. 12．People burn oil and gas, so there are more ________ (harm) gases in the air. 13．Stop ________ (hunt) wild animals, or they will disappear soon. 14．We should use reusable bags instead of ________ (plastic) bags. 15．Wild animals are much ________ (few) than before. 16．So far, workers __________ (plant) thousands of trees in Saihanba. 17．The strong wind ________ (blow) away many young trees last winter. 18．It is difficult for poor animals __________ (survive) in cold weather. 19．Many ________ (farm) realize the importance of protecting nature. 20．Everyone should make a plan __________ (stop) water pollution. 三、阅读理解 Our planet is getting sick. Human activities bring many environmental problems. Water pollution is one of the most serious problems. Every year, tons of plastic rubbish flows into rivers, lakes and oceans. Sea animals often mistake plastic for food and lose their lives. Some factories pour dirty water into waterways, making the water dark and smelly. Air pollution is another big trouble. Cars and factories produce harmful smoke. The dirty air makes people cough and brings bad weather such as heavy smog. Sandstorms also trouble northern cities in spring. Luckily, it is never too late to save the Earth. Scientists give simple advice: save water, use less plastic and plant more trees. Ordinary people can also do easy small things. For example, take reusable bags when shopping, turn off lights when leaving rooms and never throw rubbish everywhere. Small actions from everyone can greatly change our planet. 21．What does the underlined word “mistake” mean in the passage? A．介意 B．误把……当作 C．想念 D．处理 22．Which problem is NOT mentioned in the text? A．Water pollution. B．Air pollution. C．Noise pollution. D．Sandstorms. 23．What can we do to protect the Earth according to the passage? A．Use more plastic bags. B．Save water and plant trees. C．Drive cars every day. D．Throw rubbish into rivers. 24．What is the best title for this passage? A．Protect Our Sick Earth B．Beautiful Sea Animals C．The History of Saihanba D．How to Save Water 四、完形填空 The Earth is a beautiful planet with forests, rivers and oceans. It is our home, and it gives us 25 we need to live. However, human beings hurt the planet in many ways. Many people cut down trees for money. Forests become smaller, and some animals lose their living 26 . Water pollution is getting worse. People throw rubbish into water, and factories make the water 27 . As a result, more water animals are dying every year. Air pollution is also 28 . Harmful gases make the sky grey and bring bad weather. Now, more and more people start to realize the 29 of protecting nature. Volunteers organize different kinds of cleaning activities. On sunny weekends, they go to the beach to 30 rubbish. Students learn to save energy at school. They turn off lights when classrooms are 31 . Saving the Earth is not only a task for scientists, 32 for every common person. We do not need to do big difficult things. Even 33 smallest action can help our planet. Never forget: we have only one Earth. Let’s work together and make a big 34 to our home. 25．A．nothing B．everything C．something D．anything 26．A．places B．pets C．food D．energy 27．A．clean B．fresh C．dirty D．cold 28．A．simple B．serious C．peaceful D．boring 29．A．importance B．difficulty C．generation D．chemical 30．A．blow away B．pick up C．cut down D．give up 31．A．full B．busy C．empty D．noisy 32．A．but B．so C．or D．and 33．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 34．A．mistake B．difference C．problem D．noise 五、阅读理解 阅读短文,从A-E五个选项中选出最佳选项填入空白处,有一项为多余选项。 Nature gives us endless gifts. Clean water, fresh air and green forests are all important for human life. 35 Forests are the lungs of the Earth. They take in harmful gas and produce oxygen. 36 Many small animals live safely in trees. Also, trees can stop sandstorms and heavy floods. Water is another valuable resource. All living things need water to survive. 37 Once the water is polluted, it will take hundreds of years to become clean again. Protecting nature is protecting ourselves. We must change our bad habits. Stop using too much plastic and save energy every day. 38 A better future is waiting for us. A．It is also home to thousands of animals. B．We should learn to protect our natural resources. C．People can live without air for a short time. D．However, fresh water on Earth is very limited. E．Try our best to make the Earth clean and beautiful. 参考答案： 1．provides 2．survive 3．chemicals 4．cutting down 5．sandstorms 6．to protect 7．energy 8．ocean 9．pollute 10．generation 【详解】1．句意：地球每天为我们提供干净的水和新鲜空气。此处需要一个动词作谓语，表示“提供”这一动作。因为固定搭配provide sb. with sth.意为“为某人提供某物”，且主语The Earth为第三人称单数，所以使用provides。 2．句意：受污染的空气和水使动物难以在野外生存。此处需要一个动词原形作宾语补足语，表示“生存”这一结果。因为句型make it hard for sb. to do sth.中，to后应接动词原形，且污染的环境会增加动物存活的难度，所以使用survive。 3．句意：农民不应该在农场里使用太多有害的化学品。此处需要一个名词作宾语，表示使用的有害物质。因为too many修饰可数名词复数，且harmful修饰化学物品，所以使用chemicals。 4．句意：如果人们继续砍伐树木，将出现更多沙漠。此处需要一个动名词，表示“持续砍伐”这一行为。因为固定搭配keep doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，而砍树会导致沙漠化，所以使用cutting down。 5．句意：在中国北方，春天强风经常带来可怕的沙尘暴。此处需要一个名词作宾语，表示强风带来的结果。结合地理常识，中国北方春季的强风常引发沙尘暴天气，所以使用sandstorms。 6．句意：我们必须采取行动来保护我们唯一的家园——地球。此处需要一个不定式短语，表示采取行动的目的。因为take action to do sth.是固定搭配，保护地球是目的，所以使用to protect。 7．句意：燃烧天然气和石油为人类创造有用的能源。此处需要一个名词作宾语，表示燃烧燃料产生的有用物质。因为燃烧燃料产生的是能源，所以使用energy。 8．句意：许多种鱼生活在深海中。此处需要一个名词作介词宾语，表示鱼类生活的环境。因为鱼类主要生活在水体中，且deep常与海洋搭配，所以使用ocean。 9．句意：永远不要向河里扔垃圾，否则我们会污染干净的水。此处需要一个动词原形作谓语，表示扔垃圾导致的后果。因为向水中扔垃圾会污染水源，will后接动词原形，所以使用pollute。 10．句意：我的奶奶是这个森林站的第一代工人。此处需要一个名词作表语，表示“一辈人”。因为前文有the first修饰，指第一批拓荒者，所以使用generation。 11．is 【详解】句意：现在可供人们使用的干净地下水很少。groundwater“地下水”是不可数名词；时间状语”now”表明时态为一般现在时，be动词用is。 12．harmful 【详解】句意：人们燃烧石油和天然气，所以空气中有更多有害气体。空格修饰名词gases，需要形容词；名词harm的形容词形式是harmful，意为“有害的”。 13．hunting 【详解】句意：停止猎杀野生动物，否则它们很快就会消失。固定搭配stop doing sth. 表示“停止正在做的事”，此处表达停止捕猎这种行为，hunt变动名词hunting。 14．plastic 【详解】句意：我们应当使用环保袋而不是塑料袋。句中固定短语instead of后接名词或动名词，此处表示塑料袋，对应单词plastic bags，plastic作为形容词修饰名词。故填plastic。 15．fewer 【详解】句意：野生动物比以前少得多。few意为“少的”，是形容词。根据“than”可知，应用比较级形式fewer。故填fewer。 16．have planted 【详解】句意：到目前为止，工人们已经在塞罕坝种植了成千上万棵树。 So far（到目前为止）是现在完成时标志性时间状语，结构为have/has + 过去分词；主语workers是复数，助动词用have，plant的过去分词为planted。 17．blew 【详解】句意：去年冬天大风刮走了许多小树。时间状语last winter（去年冬天）为一般过去时标志，动词blow需使用过去式blew。 18．to survive 【详解】句意：可怜的动物很难在寒冷的天气里生存。固定句型 It is + 形容词 + for sb./sth. to do sth.（对……来说做某事是……的），此处用不定式to survive作真正主语。 19．farmers 【详解】句意：许多农民意识到保护自然的重要性。Many（许多）后接可数名词复数；farm表示农场，对应的职业名词farmer（农民），复数形式为farmers。 20．to stop 【详解】句意：每个人都应该制定一个计划来制止水污染。此处用动词不定式to stop作目的状语，表示“制定计划”的目的是“阻止水污染”。 21．B 22．C 23．B 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述地球遭受水污染、空气污染等环境问题，同时介绍了各类环保举措，呼吁大家用微小行动拯救受损的地球。 【详解】21．根据第一段画线词所在句子“Sea animals often mistake plastic for food”及上下文语境可知，动物们分不清塑料和食物，会误食塑料。短语“mistake…for…”意为“把……误当作……”。 22．根据第一段“Water pollution is one of the most serious problems”可知提到了A；根据第二段“Air pollution is another big trouble”可知提到了B；根据第二段“Sandstorms also trouble northern cities”可知提到了D。全文未提及Noise pollution（噪音污染）。 23．根据第三段“Scientists give simple advice: save water, use less plastic and plant more trees.”（科学家给出了简单的建议：节约用水，少用塑料，多种树。）可知，B选项“节约用水和植树”符合文意。 24．文章第一段首句指出“Our planet is getting sick”（我们的星球正在生病），随后列举了水污染、空气污染等问题，并在最后一段提出了保护地球的建议。全文旨在呼吁人们行动起来保护生病的地球。A选项“保护我们生病的地球”最能概括全文主旨。 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．A 33．C 34．B 【导语】本文主要讲述地球是人类家园，但面临污染破坏。人们意识到保护自然的重要性，并通过实际行动共同守护地球。 【详解】25．句意：它是我们的家园，给了我们生存所需的一切。 根据“Earth... gives us... we need to live'，可知地球提供生存所需的所有资源。everything表示“一切”，符合语境。nothing否定意义不符；something范围太小；anything常用于否定或疑问句。 26．句意：森林变小，一些动物失去了它们的生存之地。 根据“cut down trees... Forests become smaller”，可知树木砍伐导致动物失去栖息地。living places意为“生存之地”，符合逻辑。pets与野生动物不符；food和energy此处强调栖息地丧失。 27．句意：人们把垃圾扔进水里，工厂使水变脏。 根据“Water pollution is getting worse... throw rubbish”，可知污染导致水变脏。dirty符合污染语境。clean和fresh与污染相反；cold与污染无直接逻辑关系。 28．句意：空气污染也很严重。 根据“Harmful gases make the sky grey and bring bad weather”，可知空气污染后果严重。serious表示“严重的”，符合语境。simple、peaceful、boring均无法描述污染的危害性。 29．句意：现在，越来越多的人开始意识到保护自然的重要性。 根据“Volunteers organize... cleaning activities”，可知人们行动是因为意识到了重要性。importance表示“重要性”，符合语境。difficulty与积极行动不符；generation和chemical语意不通。 30．句意：在阳光明媚的周末，他们去海滩捡垃圾。 根据“cleaning activities... rubbish”，可知清洁活动是捡垃圾。pick up意为“捡起”，符合语境。blow away、cut down、give up均不符合清洁垃圾的动作。 31．句意：当教室空无一人时，他们关灯。 根据“save energy... turn off lights”，可知没人时才关灯省电。empty 表示“空的”，符合逻辑。full、busy、noisy时通常需要开灯。 32．句意：拯救地球不仅是科学家的任务，也是每个普通人的任务。 根据“not only...for every common person”，可知考查固定搭配not only... but (also)...。but在此处连接并列成分，表示递进。so、or、and不与not only搭配构成此结构。 33．句意：即使是最微小的行动也能帮助我们的星球。 根据“smallest”，可知形容词最高级前需加定冠词the。the用于最高级前表示特指。a/an用于泛指；零冠词均不符合最高级规则。故选 C。 34．句意：让我们一起努力，为我们的家园带来大的改变/影响。 根据“make a big... to our home”，可知考查固定短语make a difference。make a difference意为“起作用/产生影响”，符合语境。mistake、problem、noise均为负面或不符合搭配。 35．B 36．A 37．D 38．E 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍森林、淡水等自然资源对人类的重要性，呼吁人们改掉坏习惯、保护自然环境。 【详解】35．根据文中语句“Clean water, fresh air and green forests are all important for human life.”可知，前文介绍大自然馈赠的各类自然资源，此处引出要保护自然资源的观点。选项B“We should learn to protect our natural resources.”与此相符，该句承接前文自然资源的重要性，开启下文对森林、水资源的介绍。 36．根据文中语句“They take in harmful gas and produce oxygen.”可知，前文讲述森林净化空气的作用，此处补充森林是动物家园。选项A“It is also home to thousands of animals.” 与此相符，该句中It指代森林，衔接后文小动物在树上栖息的内容。 37．根据文中语句“All living things need water to survive.”可知，前文说明所有生物都离不开水，此处转折说明淡水资源稀缺。选项D“However, fresh water on Earth is very limited.”与此相符，该句用however表转折，衔接后文水污染后极难恢复干净的内容。 38．根据文中语句“We must change our bad habits. Stop using too much plastic and save energy every day.”可知，前文列举保护自然的具体做法，此处升华呼吁共同守护地球。选项E“Try our best to make the Earth clean and beautiful.”与此相符，该句承接日常环保举措，引出后文美好未来。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $