Unit 2 Great ideas 句子的种类（核心语法精练）英语新教材沪教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 该专项聚焦句子种类语法，通过“定义-规则-类型-标志词-错误”五维对比构建方法体系，知识逻辑从概念辨析到题型应用，覆盖中考高频考点，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|4类句子对比表|否定句助动词添加、疑问句语序规则、祈使句主语省略、感叹句what/how辨析|从核心定义到构成规则，结合标志词与错误示例形成完整概念链| |考点夯基|4题型共40题|标志词定位法、错误纠正对比法、句型转换步骤|对应陈述句/疑问句/祈使句/感叹句，从基础填空到综合转换，梯度训练| |综合提升|语法选择+短文填空各10题|语篇语法逻辑分析、上下文语境应用|从单句到语篇，融合语法规则与语境理解，培养语言综合运用能力|

Unit 2 Great ideas 核心语法精练 （句子的种类） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用恰当的单词填空 3 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 6 四、句型转换 8 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 12 陈述句和疑问句 语法维度 陈述句 疑问句 核心定义 用来陈述事实、表达看法的句子，句末用，包括肯定句和否定句两种形式。 用来提出问题、表达疑问的句子，句末用，需要对方作出回答。 核心构成规则 1. 基本结构： 2. 肯定式：直接陈述事实 3. 否定式：be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词后加 not ✅ 示例：She likes reading books. / He is not a student. 1. 一般疑问句： 2. 特殊疑问句： 3. 选择疑问句：一般疑问句 + or + 备选内容 4. 反意疑问句：陈述句 + 简短问句 ✅ 示例：Are you ready? / What do you want? 常见类型 1. 肯定陈述句：I go to school every day. 2. 否定陈述句：I don't like coffee. 3. be 动词句型：They are good friends. 4. 实义动词句型：He plays football well. 1. 一般疑问句：Do you like English? 2. 特殊疑问句：Where are you from? 3. 选择疑问句：Is he a teacher or a doctor? 4. 反意疑问句：You are tired, aren't you? 标志词 肯定标志：always, usually, often, every day 否定标志： 核心句型：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 / 表语 疑问标志词： 一般疑问引导词：be, do, does, did, can, will 核心句型：疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 常见错误 1. ❌ 否定句缺少助动词 ❌ He not like apples. ✅ He doesn't like apples. 2. ❌ 主谓不一致 ❌ She go to work by bus. ✅ She goes to work by bus. 1. ❌ 特殊疑问句用陈述语序 ❌ What you are doing? ✅ What are you doing? 2. ❌ 反意疑问句前后肯否不一致 ❌ He is happy, is he? ✅ He is happy, isn't he? 祈使句和感叹句 语法维度 祈使句 感叹句 核心定义 用来表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等语气的句子，主语you 通常省略，句末用句号或感叹号。 用来表达强烈喜、怒、哀、乐等情绪的句子，句末用感叹号，通常由 what 或 how 引导。 核心构成规则 1. 肯定式：动词原形 + 其他成分（省略主语 you） 2. 否定式：Don't + 动词原形 / Never + 动词原形 3. 委婉式：Please + 动词原形 ✅ 示例：Open the door. / Don't be late. 1. What 引导：What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语 2. How 引导：How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语 3. 主谓部分常可省略 ✅ 示例：What a beautiful day! / How fast he runs! 常见类型 1. 命令型：Stand up! / Be quiet! 2. 请求型：Please pass me the pen. 3. 劝告型：Be careful when you cross the road. 4. 禁止型：No smoking! / Don't touch! 1. What 修饰名词：What an interesting book it is! 2. How 修饰形容词：How clever the boy is! 3. How 修饰副词：How beautifully she sings! 4. 省略型：How nice! / What a pity! 标志词 开头标志：动词原形、Don't、Please、Never、No + 名词 / 动名词 委婉表达：Would you please...? / You'd better... 核心句型：(Don't) + 动词原形 + 其他 引导标志：What, How 句末标志：感叹号 核心句型：What + 名词短语 / How + 形 / 副 + 主谓 常见错误 1. ❌ 祈使句加多余主语 you ❌ You open the window. ✅ Open the window. 2. ❌ 否定式用 doesn't ❌ Doesn't eat in class. ✅ Don't eat in class. 1. ❌ what/how 混淆使用 ❌ How a beautiful girl she is! ✅ What a beautiful girl she is! 2. ❌ 形容词后缺名词却用 what ❌ What tall the tree is! ✅ How tall the tree is! 一、用恰当的单词填空。 1. ________ touching the stories about ordinary heroes in this new movie are! 2. ________ run across the busy road when many cars are passing by you quickly. 3. My elder brother ________ (not) care about his scores after every monthly exam. 4. ________ will you choose as your partner for the group English project next week? 5. ________ warm and meaningful activity we held for the elderly in the community! 6. ________ polite to every stranger you meet during your volunteer activity this weekend. 7. ________ you finish reading all these history books before the start of next Monday? 8. ________ make full use of your free time to improve your spoken English every day. 9. Few students ________ know how to solve this difficult physics problem correctly now. 10. ________ useful advice can we get from our teachers for our future high school life? 二、单项选择。 1. ______ wonderful the traditional paper-cut works created by old craftsmen are! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 2. ______ talk loudly in the library while other readers are focusing on their books. A. Don’t B. Not C. No D. Doesn’t 3. My cousin ______ enjoy reading science fiction stories in his spare free time. A. don’t B. isn’t C. doesn’t D. aren’t 4. ______ will you invite to take part in our school’s English speech contest? A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Which 5. ______ interesting outdoor activity we organized for Grade Eight students last Friday! A. What an B. How C. What D. How an 6. ______ brave and calm when you meet unexpected trouble in your daily life. A. Being B. Be C. To be D. Are 7. ______ your parents travel to the mountain village with you during this summer vacation? A. Does B. Are C. Will D. Is 8. Few teenagers ______ pay much attention to the safety rules when riding electric bikes. A. do B. does C. are D. is 9. ______ waste food at school dining hall no matter how little you dislike the dishes. A. Not B. Don’t C. No D. Doesn’t 10. ______ helpful suggestions can we get from teachers to prepare for the coming exams? A. How B. Who C. What D. Where 三、完成句子。 1. 这些山区孩子拥有多么纯粹美好的童年啊！ ________ ________ pure and wonderful childhood the kids in mountain areas have! 2. 独自走夜路时千万不要随意和陌生路人搭话。 ________ ________ casually with strangers when you walk alone at night. 3. 我的同桌从来不会主动分担班级里繁琐的劳动任务。 My deskmate ________ ________ the initiative to share heavy class work. 4. 你打算邀请哪位外教来主持本次校园读书分享会？ ________ ________ foreign teacher will you invite to host this school reading sharing meeting? 5. 面对难题时保持耐心，仔细梳理每一步解题思路。 ________ ________ and sort out every step of your thinking when facing hard problems. 6. 下周周末你会和好朋友一起参观城市历史博物馆吗？ ________ ________ visit the city history museum with your best friends next weekend? 7. 他为乡村教育付出的努力多么打动在场每一位听众啊！ ________ ________ the efforts he made for rural education are to every listener here! 8. 几乎没有学生会主动记录日常学习里容易出错的知识点。 Few students ________ ________ notes of the easy mistakes in daily study actively. 9. 无论多匆忙，都不要忘记主动向帮助你的人表达感谢。 ________ ________ to thank people who offer you help no matter how busy you are. 10. 我们能从这场讲座中学到哪些保护野生动物的实用方法？ ________ practical ways ________ we learn from this speech to protect wild animals? 四、句型转换。 1. The volunteer group does lots of meaningful work for elderly people.（改为否定陈述句） The volunteer group ________ ________ lots of meaningful work for elderly people. 2. It is such a warm and touching school activity.（改为How引导的感叹句） ________ ________ the warm and touching school activity is! 3. You must keep quiet inside the city public library.（改为否定祈使句） ________ ________ quiet inside the city public library. 4. We will visit the local science museum with our head teacher this Sunday.（改为一般疑问句） ________ ________ visit the local science museum with your head teacher this Sunday? 5. How valuable the traditional handcrafts from villages are!（改为What引导的感叹句） ________ valuable traditional handcrafts they are from villages! 6. All classmates take part in the after-school reading club every Wednesday.（对划线时间every Wednesday提问） ________ ________ all classmates take part in the after-school reading club? 7. You should be careful with your personal belongings during the trip.（改为肯定祈使句） ________ ________ with your personal belongings during the trip. 8. Few students pay attention to environmental protection in daily life.（改为同义肯定陈述句） Almost ________ students pay attention to environmental protection in daily life. 9. The foreign guests love the peaceful countryside scenery very much.（改为感叹句） ________ peaceful countryside scenery the foreign guests love! 10. You can share your opinions with teachers after class.（改为委婉祈使句） ________ your opinions with teachers after class, please. 一、语法选择 阅读下面一篇短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Did you know Xu Xiake? Xu Xiake was 1 Chinese travel writer and geographer of the Ming Dynasty (1368－1644). He was famous 2 a book called Travel Notes of Xu Xiake. It described some of his experiences. Today, people still 3 him for his achievement and bravery. When he 4 a child, Xu Xiake was interested in reading books about different places. He dreamed about travelling around. His mother understood him and she encouraged 5 to travel. Xu Xiake had some long journeys. Not every journey was enjoyable. He had to face many difficulties along the way. One day, some robbers (强盗) took away all his belongings. He didn’t have any money. A local scholar (学者) promised 6 him. To thank the scholar for helping him, he 7 some of his experiences with the scholar. He went to a lot of 8 such as the rivers in Yunnan and the mountains in Guangxi and got some useful information. Once, he visited Mount Huangshan. People then thought Tiandu Peak was higher than Lianhua Peak. To find out the truth, Xu climbed both peaks. He discovered that Lianhua Peak gave a wider view (视野), so it must be 9 . He was right! He spent more than 30 years 10 all over China. He wrote down some useful information about the places where he travelled. You can find the information in Travel Notes of Xu Xiake. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．as B．for C．about D．in 3．A．remember B．remembered C．remind D．reminded 4．A．is B．was C．are D．were 5．A．he B．his C．him D．himself 6．A．guiding B．to guide C．supporting D．to support 7．A．shared B．will share C．shares D．has shared 8．A．country B．countries C．place D．places 9．A．high B．higher C．low D．lower 10．A．travel B．travels C．to travel D．travelling 二、语法填空 根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺；给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词 Many years ago, there were many states (国家) in China. The State of Qi used to be very strong, but it became less powerful. Yan Zi was a wise man who gave 1 (suggest) to the king, so the king of Qi sent him to ask Chu to cooperate. The king of Chu knew Yan Zi was very short. He tried to make Yan Zi 2 (feel) shy about his height. When Yan Zi arrived, the guard told him to enter through the small gate. Yan Zi didn’t get mad 3 him. “Only a state of dogs will greet visitors with a gate for dogs. I’m visiting the State of Chu. This gate isn’t for me,” Yan Zi said. So the guard had to take him through the main gate. The king of Chu was unhappy at what Yan Zi did. “Why did Qi send YOU? Don’t they have anyone better?” the king tried another way. “If Qi meets a great king, it 4 (send) the best ambassador (使臣). I’m the 5 (bad). That’s why I’m here,” Yan Zi replied calmly (镇定地). At this time, a thief 6 (bring) by the guards to the king. The thief was from Qi. “Ha! Yan Zi, is Qi a state of thieves?” asked the king 7 (impolite). Yan Zi replied, “The orange trees south of Huai River produce big and delicious fruit, 8 the orange trees north of Huai River produce small and sour fruit. The environment makes the fruit grow differently. In Qi, people are good and honest, but here, they steal. What made 9 (they) qualities change here?” Finally, the king looked at Yan Zi and laughed, “I was wrong about you and your state!” The story of Yan Zi shows that we should make 10 effort to win others’ respect with our own courage and wisdom. 1.____________ 2.____________ 3.____________ 4.____________ 5._____________ 6.____________ 7.____________ 8.____________ 9.____________ 10.____________ 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Great ideas（句子的种类） 参考答案 一、用恰当的单词填空 1. How　　2. Don’t　　3. doesn’t　　4. Who　　5. What a 6. Be　　7. Will　　8. Do　　9. do　　10. What 二、单项选择 1. B　　2. A　　3. C　　4. B　　5. A 6. B　　7. C　　8. A　　9. B　　10. C 三、完成句子 1. What a　　2. Don’t talk　　3. doesn’t take　　4. Which　　5. Be patient 6. Will you　　7. How moving　　8. do take　　9. Don’t forget　　10. What; can 四、句型转换 1. doesn’t do　　2. How warm　　3. Don’t keep　　4. Will you　　5. What 6. When do　　7. Be careful　　8. all　　9. What　　10. Share 一、语法选择 1. A　　2. B　　3. A　　4. B　　5. C 6. D　　7. A　　8. D　　9. B　　10. D 二、语法填空 1. suggestions　　2. feel　　3. at　　4. will send　　5. worst 6. was brought　　7. impolitely　　8. while　　9. their　　10. an 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Great ideas 核心语法精练 （句子的种类） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用恰当的单词填空 3 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 6 四、句型转换 8 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 12 陈述句和疑问句 语法维度 陈述句 疑问句 核心定义 用来陈述事实、表达看法的句子，句末用句号，包括肯定句和否定句两种形式。 用来提出问题、表达疑问的句子，句末用问号，需要对方作出回答。 核心构成规则 1. 基本结构：主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分 2. 肯定式：直接陈述事实 3. 否定式：be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词后加 not ✅ 示例：She likes reading books. / He is not a student. 1. 一般疑问句：be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 + 其他 2. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序 3. 选择疑问句：一般疑问句 + or + 备选内容 4. 反意疑问句：陈述句 + 简短问句 ✅ 示例：Are you ready? / What do you want? 常见类型 1. 肯定陈述句：I go to school every day. 2. 否定陈述句：I don't like coffee. 3. be 动词句型：They are good friends. 4. 实义动词句型：He plays football well. 1. 一般疑问句：Do you like English? 2. 特殊疑问句：Where are you from? 3. 选择疑问句：Is he a teacher or a doctor? 4. 反意疑问句：You are tired, aren't you? 标志词 肯定标志：always, usually, often, every day 否定标志：not, never, hardly, seldom, no 核心句型：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 / 表语 疑问标志词：what, who, whose, which, when, where, why, how 一般疑问引导词：be, do, does, did, can, will 核心句型：疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 常见错误 1. ❌ 否定句缺少助动词 ❌ He not like apples. ✅ He doesn't like apples. 2. ❌ 主谓不一致 ❌ She go to work by bus. ✅ She goes to work by bus. 1. ❌ 特殊疑问句用陈述语序 ❌ What you are doing? ✅ What are you doing? 2. ❌ 反意疑问句前后肯否不一致 ❌ He is happy, is he? ✅ He is happy, isn't he? 祈使句和感叹句 语法维度 祈使句 感叹句 核心定义 用来表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等语气的句子，主语you 通常省略，句末用句号或感叹号。 用来表达强烈喜、怒、哀、乐等情绪的句子，句末用感叹号，通常由 what 或 how 引导。 核心构成规则 1. 肯定式：动词原形 + 其他成分（省略主语 you） 2. 否定式：Don't + 动词原形 / Never + 动词原形 3. 委婉式：Please + 动词原形 ✅ 示例：Open the door. / Don't be late. 1. What 引导：What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语 2. How 引导：How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语 3. 主谓部分常可省略 ✅ 示例：What a beautiful day! / How fast he runs! 常见类型 1. 命令型：Stand up! / Be quiet! 2. 请求型：Please pass me the pen. 3. 劝告型：Be careful when you cross the road. 4. 禁止型：No smoking! / Don't touch! 1. What 修饰名词：What an interesting book it is! 2. How 修饰形容词：How clever the boy is! 3. How 修饰副词：How beautifully she sings! 4. 省略型：How nice! / What a pity! 标志词 开头标志：动词原形、Don't、Please、Never、No + 名词 / 动名词 委婉表达：Would you please...? / You'd better... 核心句型：(Don't) + 动词原形 + 其他 引导标志：What, How 句末标志：感叹号 核心句型：What + 名词短语 / How + 形 / 副 + 主谓 常见错误 1. ❌ 祈使句加多余主语 you ❌ You open the window. ✅ Open the window. 2. ❌ 否定式用 doesn't ❌ Doesn't eat in class. ✅ Don't eat in class. 1. ❌ what/how 混淆使用 ❌ How a beautiful girl she is! ✅ What a beautiful girl she is! 2. ❌ 形容词后缺名词却用 what ❌ What tall the tree is! ✅ How tall the tree is! 一、用恰当的单词填空。 1. ________ touching the stories about ordinary heroes in this new movie are! 【答案】How 【解析】句意：这部新电影里平凡英雄的故事多么感人啊！本句为感叹句，空后是形容词touching，用How引导，结构：How + 形容词 + 主谓。 2. ________ run across the busy road when many cars are passing by you quickly. 【答案】Don’t 【解析】句意：车流湍急时，不要横穿这条繁忙的马路。本句是否定祈使句，固定结构Don’t + 动词原形，用来提醒危险行为。 3. My elder brother ________ (not) care about his scores after every monthly exam. 【答案】doesn’t 【解析】句意：我哥哥每次月考过后都不在意自己的分数。本句为一般现在时否定陈述句，主语my elder brother是三单，助动词用doesn’t。 4. ________ will you choose as your partner for the group English project next week? 【答案】Who 【解析】句意：下周小组英语课题，你会选谁做你的搭档？本句是特殊疑问句，疑问词who指代人，在句中作choose的宾语。 5. ________ warm and meaningful activity we held for the elderly in the community! 【答案】What a 【解析】句意：我们在社区为老人举办了一场多么温暖有意义的活动！本句为感叹句，后接“形容词+单数可数名词”，warm辅音音素开头，用What a引导。 6. ________ polite to every stranger you meet during your volunteer activity this weekend. 【答案】Be 【解析】句意：本周志愿活动中，对待遇见的每位陌生人都要有礼貌。本句是肯定祈使句，be动词原形开头，用于给出行为劝告。 7. ________ you finish reading all these history books before the start of next Monday? 【答案】Will 【解析】句意：下周一开学前，你能读完所有这些历史书籍吗？本句为一般将来时一般疑问句，句首用助动词Will构成疑问语序。 8. ________ make full use of your free time to improve your spoken English every day. 【答案】Do 【解析】句意：一定要充分利用空余时间，每天练习提升英语口语。本句是加强语气的肯定祈使句，Do放在句首强化劝说语气。 9. Few students ________ know how to solve this difficult physics problem correctly now. 【答案】do 【解析】句意：现在几乎没有学生能正确解出这道物理难题。本句为含否定词few的陈述句，主语students为复数，助动词用do。 10. ________ useful advice can we get from our teachers for our future high school life? 【答案】What 【解析】句意：我们能从老师那里得到哪些关于高中生活的实用建议？本句为特殊疑问句，what修饰不可数名词advice，作get的宾语。 二、单项选择。 1. ______ wonderful the traditional paper-cut works created by old craftsmen are! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 【答案】B 【解析】句意：老匠人制作的传统剪纸作品多么精美啊！本句为感叹句，空后紧跟形容词wonderful，需用How引导；What后必须接名词短语，故选B。 2. ______ talk loudly in the library while other readers are focusing on their books. A. Don’t B. Not C. No D. Doesn’t 【答案】A 【解析】句意：其他读者专心看书时，不要在图书馆大声交谈。本句为否定祈使句，标准结构为Don’t + 动词原形，故选A。 3. My cousin ______ enjoy reading science fiction stories in his spare free time. A. don’t B. isn’t C. doesn’t D. aren’t 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我的表哥闲暇时并不喜欢读科幻小说。主语my cousin是第三人称单数，谓语为实义动词enjoy，否定需加助动词doesn’t，故选C。 4. ______ will you invite to take part in our school’s English speech contest? A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Which 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你会邀请谁来参加我们学校的英语演讲比赛？本句是特殊疑问句，空处作invite的宾语，指代人，用疑问词Who，故选B。 5. ______ interesting outdoor activity we organized for Grade Eight students last Friday! A. What an B. How C. What D. How an 【答案】A 【解析】句意：上周五我们为八年级学生组织了一场多么有趣的户外活动！空后是“形容词+单数可数名词”，interesting元音音素开头，用What an引导感叹句，故选A。 6. ______ brave and calm when you meet unexpected trouble in your daily life. A. Being B. Be C. To be D. Are 【答案】B 【解析】句意：日常生活中遇到突发麻烦时，要勇敢冷静。本句为劝告类肯定祈使句，句首直接用be动词原形，故选B。 7. ______ your parents travel to the mountain village with you during this summer vacation? A. Does B. Are C. Will D. Is 【答案】C 【解析】句意：今年暑假你的父母会和你一起去山村游玩吗？句中travel是动词原形，结合假期语境为将来时，一般疑问句句首用Will，故选C。 8. Few teenagers ______ pay much attention to the safety rules when riding electric bikes. A. do B. does C. are D. is 【答案】A 【解析】句意：很少有青少年骑电动车时会重视安全规则。few表否定含义，主语teenagers是复数，实义动词pay前加助动词do，故选A。 9. ______ waste food at school dining hall no matter how little you dislike the dishes. A. Not B. Don’t C. No D. Doesn’t 【答案】B 【解析】句意：无论你多不喜欢饭菜，都不要在学校食堂浪费食物。否定祈使句固定搭配Don’t + 动词原形waste，故选B。 10. ______ helpful suggestions can we get from teachers to prepare for the coming exams? A. How B. Who C. What D. Where 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们能从老师那里得到哪些备考的实用建议？空后是不可数名词suggestions，疑问词What修饰名词，构成特殊疑问句，故选C。 三、完成句子。 1. 这些山区孩子拥有多么纯粹美好的童年啊！ ________ ________ pure and wonderful childhood the kids in mountain areas have! 【答案】What a 【解析】句意：这些山区孩子拥有多么纯粹美好的童年啊！后接“形容词+单数可数名词”，用What a引导感叹句。 2. 独自走夜路时千万不要随意和陌生路人搭话。 ________ ________ casually with strangers when you walk alone at night. 【答案】Don’t talk 【解析】句意：独自走夜路时千万不要随意和陌生路人搭话。否定祈使句结构：Don’t + 动词原形。 3. 我的同桌从来不会主动分担班级里繁琐的劳动任务。 My deskmate ________ ________ the initiative to share heavy class work. 【答案】doesn’t take 【解析】句意：我的同桌从来不会主动分担班级里繁琐的劳动任务。主语三单，实义动词否定用doesn’t，后接动词原形take。 4. 你打算邀请哪位外教来主持本次校园读书分享会？ ________ ________ foreign teacher will you invite to host this school reading sharing meeting? 【答案】Which one 【解析】句意：你打算邀请哪位外教来主持本次校园读书分享会？which one 表示“哪一位”，修饰名词foreign teacher。 5. 面对难题时保持耐心，仔细梳理每一步解题思路。 ________ ________ and sort out every step of your thinking when facing hard problems. 【答案】Be patient 【解析】句意：面对难题时保持耐心，仔细梳理每一步解题思路。肯定祈使句，Be + 形容词patient。 6. 下周周末你会和好朋友一起参观城市历史博物馆吗？ ________ ________ visit the city history museum with your best friends next weekend? 【答案】Will you 【解析】句意：下周周末你会和好朋友一起参观城市历史博物馆吗？一般将来时一般疑问句句首Will，后接主语you。 7. 他为乡村教育付出的努力多么打动在场每一位听众啊！ ________ ________ the efforts he made for rural education are to every listener here! 【答案】How moving 【解析】句意：他为乡村教育付出的努力多么打动在场每一位听众啊！How引导感叹句，后接形容词moving。 8. 几乎没有学生会主动记录日常学习里容易出错的知识点。 Few students ________ ________ notes of the easy mistakes in daily study actively. 【答案】do take 【解析】句意：几乎没有学生会主动记录日常学习里容易出错的知识点。主语复数，助动词do + 动词原形take。 9. 无论多匆忙，都不要忘记主动向帮助你的人表达感谢。 ________ ________ to thank people who offer you help no matter how busy you are. 【答案】Don’t forget 【解析】句意：无论多匆忙，都不要忘记主动向帮助你的人表达感谢。否定祈使句Don’t + 动词原形forget。 10. 我们能从这场讲座中学到哪些保护野生动物的实用方法？ ________ practical ways ________ we learn from this speech to protect wild animals? 【答案】What; can 【解析】句意：我们能从这场讲座中学到哪些保护野生动物的实用方法？What修饰名词ways，一般疑问部分用情态动词can。 四、句型转换。 1. The volunteer group does lots of meaningful work for elderly people.（改为否定陈述句） The volunteer group ________ ________ lots of meaningful work for elderly people. 【答案】doesn’t do 【解析】原句是一般现在时肯定陈述句，主语group为三单；变否定需加助动词doesn’t，后面动词还原为原形do，句意保持不变。 2. It is such a warm and touching school activity.（改为How引导的感叹句） ________ ________ the warm and touching school activity is! 【答案】How warm 【解析】原句陈述句改写感叹句，how后接形容词warm，遵循How + 形容词 + 主谓结构，替换what引导的名词型感叹句。 3. You must keep quiet inside the city public library.（改为否定祈使句） ________ ________ quiet inside the city public library. 【答案】Don’t keep 【解析】原句用must表硬性要求，可转换为否定祈使句；否定祈使句固定结构Don’t + 动词原形，用于提醒禁止行为。 4. We will visit the local science museum with our head teacher this Sunday.（改为一般疑问句） ________ ________ visit the local science museum with your head teacher this Sunday? 【答案】Will you 【解析】原句一般将来时陈述句，变一般疑问句将情态助动词will提前；第一人称we对应改为第二人称you。 5. How valuable the traditional handcrafts from villages are!（改为What引导的感叹句） ________ valuable traditional handcrafts they are from villages! 【答案】What 【解析】how型感叹句互换what型，中心词handcrafts是复数可数名词，what直接修饰名词复数短语，无需a/an。 6. All classmates take part in the after-school reading club every Wednesday.（对划线时间every Wednesday提问） ________ ________ all classmates take part in the after-school reading club? 【答案】When do 【解析】划线部分为时间状语，疑问词用when；主语classmates是复数，一般现在时添加助动词do构成疑问语序。 7. You should be careful with your personal belongings during the trip.（改为肯定祈使句） ________ ________ with your personal belongings during the trip. 【答案】Be careful 【解析】原陈述句表劝告，简化为祈使句；Be动词原形搭配形容词careful放句首，省略主语you，直接给出提醒。 8. Few students pay attention to environmental protection in daily life.（改为同义肯定陈述句） Almost ________ students pay attention to environmental protection in daily life. 【答案】all 【解析】few表否定含义“几乎没有”，同义替换为almost all（几乎全部），句子转换为肯定陈述句。 9. The foreign guests love the peaceful countryside scenery very much.（改为感叹句） ________ peaceful countryside scenery the foreign guests love! 【答案】What 【解析】scenery为不可数名词，what修饰“形容词+不可数名词”，构成What引导的感叹句。 10. You can share your opinions with teachers after class.（改为委婉祈使句） ________ your opinions with teachers after class, please. 【答案】Share 【解析】原陈述句表建议，转换为委婉祈使句，句首使用动词原形Share，末尾加please使语气更柔和。 一、语法选择 （26-27九年级上·全国·单元测试）阅读下面一篇短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Did you know Xu Xiake? Xu Xiake was 1 Chinese travel writer and geographer of the Ming Dynasty (1368－1644). He was famous 2 a book called Travel Notes of Xu Xiake. It described some of his experiences. Today, people still 3 him for his achievement and bravery. When he 4 a child, Xu Xiake was interested in reading books about different places. He dreamed about travelling around. His mother understood him and she encouraged 5 to travel. Xu Xiake had some long journeys. Not every journey was enjoyable. He had to face many difficulties along the way. One day, some robbers (强盗) took away all his belongings. He didn’t have any money. A local scholar (学者) promised 6 him. To thank the scholar for helping him, he 7 some of his experiences with the scholar. He went to a lot of 8 such as the rivers in Yunnan and the mountains in Guangxi and got some useful information. Once, he visited Mount Huangshan. People then thought Tiandu Peak was higher than Lianhua Peak. To find out the truth, Xu climbed both peaks. He discovered that Lianhua Peak gave a wider view (视野), so it must be 9 . He was right! He spent more than 30 years 10 all over China. He wrote down some useful information about the places where he travelled. You can find the information in Travel Notes of Xu Xiake. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．as B．for C．about D．in 3．A．remember B．remembered C．remind D．reminded 4．A．is B．was C．are D．were 5．A．he B．his C．him D．himself 6．A．guiding B．to guide C．supporting D．to support 7．A．shared B．will share C．shares D．has shared 8．A．country B．countries C．place D．places 9．A．high B．higher C．low D．lower 10．A．travel B．travels C．to travel D．travelling 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记类语法选择，介绍明代地理旅行家徐霞客的生平、游历经历与著作。 【详解】1．句意：徐霞客是一位明代（1368-1644）中国旅行作家与地理学家。 根据空格后单数可数名词短语Chinese travel writer，且Chinese发音以辅音音素开头，可知此处需填入不定冠词表泛指一位，应选用a。an用于元音音素开头单词前，the表特指，零冠词不能修饰单数可数名词，均不符合语法规则。 2．句意：他因一本名为《徐霞客游记》的书籍而闻名。 固定搭配be famous for表示“因……而出名”，后文a book是他出名的缘由，应选用for。be famous as“作为……身份出名”，about、in无此固定搭配，不合短语用法。 3．句意：时至今日，人们依旧因他的成就与勇气铭记他。 根据时间状语“Today still”可知，句子为一般现在时，主语people为复数，谓语动词使用原形，应选用remember。remembered是过去式/过去分词，remind表示“提醒”语义不符，reminded为过去式，均不匹配。 4．句意：当他还是个孩子时，徐霞客就对阅读各地游记书籍充满兴趣。 根据主句时态“was”可知，全文主体为一般过去时，主语he搭配be动词过去式was。is、are为现在时态，were搭配复数主语，均时态/主谓不一致。 5．句意：他的母亲理解他，并且鼓励他去旅行。 根据固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.，动词后需用人称代词宾格作宾语，应选用him。he是主格，his是形容词性物主代词，himself反身代词，均不能作encouraged的宾语。 6．句意：一位当地学者承诺资助他。 固定搭配promise to do sth.表示“承诺做某事”，空格需动词不定式，应选用to support。guiding、supporting是动名词，to guide“指引”与学者资助旅人语境无关。 7．句意：为感谢这位学者的帮助，他和学者分享了自己的部分游历经历。 全文叙事为一般过去时，句子描述过去发生的动作，谓语使用动词过去式，应选用shared。will share是一般将来时，shares一般现在时，has shared现在完成时，时态均不匹配故事叙事。 8．句意：他去过很多地方，比如云南的江河、广西的群山，收获了许多有用的见闻。 a lot of后接可数名词复数，后文列举多处地域地点，应选用places。country、place为单数，countries“国家”，文中均为国内山川，语义不符。 9．句意：他发现莲花峰视野更开阔，所以它一定更高。他是对的！ 根据前文对比两座山峰视野a wider view，存在两者比较逻辑，需形容词比较级，应选用higher。high是原级，low、lower表示“低/更低”，和视野更好的逻辑相反。 10．句意：他花费三十余年走遍中国各地。 根据固定搭配spend+时间+(in) doing sth.，介词后接动名词，应选用travelling。travel动词原形，travels三单形式，to travel不定式，均不符合spend的固定句式。 二、语法填空 （26-27九年级上·全国·单元测试）根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺；给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词 Many years ago, there were many states (国家) in China. The State of Qi used to be very strong, but it became less powerful. Yan Zi was a wise man who gave 1 (suggest) to the king, so the king of Qi sent him to ask Chu to cooperate. The king of Chu knew Yan Zi was very short. He tried to make Yan Zi 2 (feel) shy about his height. When Yan Zi arrived, the guard told him to enter through the small gate. Yan Zi didn’t get mad 3 him. “Only a state of dogs will greet visitors with a gate for dogs. I’m visiting the State of Chu. This gate isn’t for me,” Yan Zi said. So the guard had to take him through the main gate. The king of Chu was unhappy at what Yan Zi did. “Why did Qi send YOU? Don’t they have anyone better?” the king tried another way. “If Qi meets a great king, it 4 (send) the best ambassador (使臣). I’m the 5 (bad). That’s why I’m here,” Yan Zi replied calmly (镇定地). At this time, a thief 6 (bring) by the guards to the king. The thief was from Qi. “Ha! Yan Zi, is Qi a state of thieves?” asked the king 7 (impolite). Yan Zi replied, “The orange trees south of Huai River produce big and delicious fruit, 8 the orange trees north of Huai River produce small and sour fruit. The environment makes the fruit grow differently. In Qi, people are good and honest, but here, they steal. What made 9 (they) qualities change here?” Finally, the king looked at Yan Zi and laughed, “I was wrong about you and your state!” The story of Yan Zi shows that we should make 10 effort to win others’ respect with our own courage and wisdom. 1.____________ 2.____________ 3.____________ 4.____________ 5._____________ 6.____________ 7.____________ 8.____________ 9.____________ 10.____________ 【答案】 1．suggestions 2．feel 3．at 4．will send 5．worst 6．was brought 7．impolitely 8．while 9．their 10．an 【导语】本文讲述晏子出使楚国，面对楚王三次刻意刁难，凭借智慧巧妙回击，最终赢得楚王尊重的故事，告诉我们要依靠自身勇气与智慧努力赢得他人尊重。 【详解】1．句意：晏子是一位给君王提建议的智者，于是齐王派他出使楚国，请求楚国与齐国合作。give后接名词作宾语，suggest为动词，使用复数名词形式。 2．句意：他想让晏子因身高感到难堪。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，为固定搭配，make后搭配动词原形。 3．句意：晏子并没有对他发火。get mad at sb.“生某人的气”是固定短语，搭配介词at。 4．句意：如果齐国遇到贤明的君主，就会派遣最好的使臣。if引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现规则，主句采用一般将来时。 5．句意：我是最差的使臣。前文出现the best，前后形成对应，bad需使用最高级。 6．句意：这时，一名小偷被侍卫带到楚王面前。by引出动作执行者表示被动，全文时态为一般过去时，使用一般过去时被动语态，主语为“a thief”，用was brought。 7．句意：楚王无礼地问道：“哈！晏子，齐国是出盗贼的国家吗？” 修饰动词asked需要使用副词，形容词impolite需转换为副词。 8．句意：淮河以南的橘树结出又大又甜的果子，然而淮河以北的橘树只结又小又酸涩的果子。前后两句语义存在转折对比关系，while可用于对比两件事物。 9．句意：是什么让他们的品性到了这里就改变了呢？修饰名词qualities需用形容词性物主代词，人称代词they需转换为形容词性物主代词。 10．句意：晏子的故事告诉我们，我们应当全力以赴，依靠自身的勇气与智慧赢得他人的尊重。“make an effort”为固定短语，搭配不定冠词。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $