Unit 3 A Green Earth, a Better Home（复习讲义）英语新教材仁爱科普版九年级上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义围绕“环保”主题构建知识体系，整合污染类型、低碳生活、治沙护绿等内容，通过表格辨析（如either…or…等连词用法表）、图解助记（如the number of与a number of对比图）、思维导图（re-前缀单词分类）等工具呈现词汇、语法、语用脉络，突出现在完成时、re-前缀构词等重难点的内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“即时小练+分层题型”设计，如知识点后紧跟单选（如“Not only his teammates but also he ______ to high working standards”）、语法部分设完形填空和阅读理解，培养语言运用与逻辑思维能力。方法指导如延续性动词转换技巧表，帮助学生掌握规律，基础生可夯实基础，优秀生能拓展提升，为教师精准教学和学生自主复习提供有力支持。

Unit 3 A Green Earth, a Better Home（复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕 “A Green Earth, a Better Home” 环保主题，复习各类污染、低碳 3R 生活、治沙护绿相关内容。 2、掌握污染、环保行动类词汇，熟记 re - 前缀单词、reduce/reuse/recycle 核心短语。 3、会用带 for/since 的现在完成时描述长期环境变化；区分因果逻辑、归纳环保共性做法。 4、能围绕污染成因、危害、低碳做法开展对话，写环保倡议书，树立环保意识。 复习重难点 重点： 带 for/since 的现在完成时用法；re - 前缀构词；污染与环保行动描述句型、因果过渡句。 难点： 短暂性动词与延续动词转换；for 与 since 用法区分；写作梳理 “污染原因 — 危害 — 解决措施” 逻辑。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：As the city has made great efforts in fighting against air pollution for these years,people can see much clearer sky now. ①make efforts in doing sth努力做某事；倾力做某事 拓展： 1.make efforts to do sth（最常用）努力去做某事 例句：We make great efforts to reduce waste.我们努力减少垃圾。 2.spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事（高频满分短语） 例句：We spare no effort in protecting the sky.我们不遗余力守护蓝天。 ②过去式 / 过去分词：fought 现在分词：fighting （一）v. 动词 打架；抗争；治理；奋斗 高频固定搭配（考试重点） 1. fight against sth对抗、抵制、治理（坏事：污染、疾病、贫困） 原句：fight against air pollution 治理空气污染 例句：We fight against waste. 我们抵制浪费。 2. fight with sb ① 和某人打架 ② 和某人并肩作战 例：fight with classmates 和同学打架 fight with friends against difficulties 和朋友一起对抗困难 3. fight for sth 为…… 而奋斗、争取 fight for clean air 为洁净空气而努力 fight for our dreams 为梦想奋斗 4. fight to do sth 奋力做某事 They fight to protect rivers. 他们奋力保护河流。 （二）n. 名词 打斗；斗争；抗争 1. have a fight with sb 和某人打架 2. a fight against pollution 一场治污攻坚战 【即时小练】 1．Many Chinese scientists ________ great efforts to develop space technology in the past few years. A．make B．made C．will make D．have made 2．China ________ great efforts to increase the trade with the Middle East countries in the last two years. A．make B．made C．has made D．was made 3．Like Ne Zha, we should fight ________ all the difficulties to realize our dreams. A．above B．against C．after D．across 4．He fights ______ school bullying and grows into a strong man. A．for B．against C．with 知识点2：Noise pollution not only causes many health problems in humans hearing, but also harms animals, especially whales and dolphins in the ocean. 噪音污染不仅会导致人类听力的多种健康问题，还会伤害动物，尤其是海洋中的鲸鱼和海豚。 ①【妙辨异同】either… or…/neither… nor…/not only… but (also)…/ both… and… 辨析 意义 谓语动词(连接主语时) either… or… 或者……或者……； 要么……要么…… 就近一致 neither… nor… 既不……也不…… not only… but (also)… 不但……而且…… both… and… ……和……都…… 用复数 ②【用法详解】especially副词，意为“尤其；特别；格外”。当陈述某一事实，并列举一个具有代表性的例子做进一步的强调时，常用especially，其后可接名词、介词短语等。 Eg.Aunt Alice loves animals, especially dogs. 艾丽斯阿姨喜爱动物，尤其爱狗。 I love Rome, especially in the spring. 我喜欢罗马，尤其是春天的罗马。 【拓展延伸】especially还可用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，强调程度。 Eg.I especially want to see that film. 我特别想看那部电影。 We are especially busy today. 我们今天特别忙。 【即时小练】 1．Not only his teammates but also he ________ to high working standards all the time. A．keep B．keeps C．kept D．keeping 2．Not only his classmates but also he ________ interested in protecting the environment. A．is B．are C．was D．were 知识点3：More people are taking actions to reduce it and bring back the natural sky. 越来越多的人正在采取行动来减少它，并恢复自然的天空。 ①take actions to do sth采取行动去做某事 同义：take measures to do sth ②bring back + 名词 :恢复；使…… 回归；带回 bring back the natural sky 恢复自然天空 拓展：bring back memories 唤起回忆 例句:More people are taking actions to protect the earth.越来越多人采取行动保护地球。 We are taking actions to bring back clean water.我们正在采取行动重现洁净水源。 【即时小练】 1.The government ________ to reduce pollution these years. A. take action B. takes action C. take actions D. has taken actions 知识点4：There used to be few trees and I was always hungry.那里过去树木很少，而且我总是挨饿。 “used to +动词原形”表示“过去常常……”，只用于过去时态，没有人称和数的变化。其疑问句和否定句常借助did。 Eg.Mr. Wu used to walk after supper. 吴先生过去常常在晚饭后散步。 Did you use to swim in the lake near the village? 你过去常常在村子附近的湖里游泳吗？ 【易混辨析】重点：be used to doing, be used to do与used to do be used to doing sth. 意为“ 习惯于做某事 ”，其中to是介词，后跟动词 ing 形式 be used to do sth. 意为“ 被用来做某事 ”，其中to为不定式符号，后跟动词__原形___ used to do sth. 意为“ 过去常常做某事 ”，只用于过去时态，其中to是不定式符号，后跟动词_原形 Eg.I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。 A pen is used to write. 钢笔是用来写字的。 He used to read books for an hour every day. 他过去常常每天读一个小时的书。 【即时小练】 1．The robot arm ________ to repair the satellite outside the station last week. A．uses B．used C．was used D．is used 2．Villagers ________ convenient e-payment ten years ago. They only used cash. A．used to have B．didn’t use to have C．weren’t used to have D．use to have 知识点5：Reusing means making use of something again or in another way, such as using the water from your showers to clean the toilet and donating old clothes to charity. 再利用是指再次使用某物或以另一种方式使用它，例如用淋浴的水来冲厕所，以及把旧衣服捐给慈善机构。 ①make use of 利用 make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用 make better use of 更好地利用 例句：We should make full use of every chance.我们应该充分利用每一次机会。 ②donate v. 捐赠；捐献 固定搭配（必考） donate sth to sb / sth 把某物捐赠给…… ✅ donate money to the poor 给穷人捐款 donate to + 机构 Many people donate to this charity.很多人向这家慈善机构捐款。 派生词 donation n. [C/U] 捐赠物；捐款 make a donation 进行捐赠 例句：They donate books to rural schools every year.他们每年向乡村学校捐赠书籍。 【即时小练】 1．It’s important for students to ________ colourful school activities to have fun, make friends and learn new things. A．make progress in B．take part in C．take care of D．make use of 2．The saying “One cannot put back the clock” tells us ________. A．where should we put the clock B．what people can’t do with the clock C．that it is necessary to make good use of time D．why can’t we make the clock walk more slowly 3．It’s so kind________ you to donate money and books ________ those children in need. A．of; for B．for; to C．of; to D．for; for 4．It is generous ________ the young man ________ most of his money to charity. A．for; to donate B．of; to donate C．for; donating D．of; donating 知识点6：Noises are unpleasant sounds.噪音是令人不愉快的声音。 辨析please， pleased， pleasure与pleasant 词汇 意义及用法 please 动词，意为“使愉快，使满意”。另外，也可作感叹词，意为“请”。 pleased 形容词，意为“高兴的”，作表语，常修饰人。常用结构：be pleased with对……感到满意；be pleased to do sth.乐于做某事。 pleasure 名词，作“高兴，快乐，愉快，满意”讲时，为不可数名词；作“乐事，快事”讲时，为可数名词。It’s a pleasure./My pleasure. 不客气。（帮忙之后表示不客气） With pleasure. 很乐意。（帮忙之前表示乐意效劳） pleasant 形容词，意为“令人愉快的；友好的，和善的”，作定语或表语。 如： ①The good news pleased the whole family. 这个好消息使全家人都很高兴。 ②We’re only too pleased to help. 我们非常愿意帮忙。 ③It’s a pleasure to talk with you. 很高兴和你谈话。 ④The climate here is pleasant. 这里的气候很宜人。 【即时小练】 1．The movie was very ________, and she felt ________ with the ending. A．pleased; pleasant B．pleasant; pleased C．pleasing; pleasant D．pleasure; pleased 2．—Did you have a ________ trip to Hangzhou? —Yes, I was very ________ with it. A．pleased, pleased B．pleasant, pleasant C．pleased, pleasant D．pleasant, pleased 知识点7：He asked experts for advice and tried to learn from successful experience around the world.他向专家请教，并尝试学习世界各地成功的经验。 ①ask ②successful 变形：succeed v.→success n.成功；成就；→successful adj.成功的；有成就的→successfully adv.成功地 如：When you achieve your dream， it means that you succeed in doing what you want. ③experience experience v.→experienced adj. 有经验的；经验丰富的 【即时小练】 1．Nowadays Chinese students ________ to attend labor classes to improve their life skills and prove they are growing up. A．were asked B．will be asked C．are asked D．ask 2．My father asked me ________. A．where did I go B．where I go C．where I went D．where do I go 3．Some day she will become as ________ as her role model. A．more successful B．less successful C．successful D．the most successful 4．He is hard-working and ________. I hope he will have more ________ at his business. A．success; successful B．successful; success C．successfully; successful D．successful; successful 5．He has a lot of ________ in teaching, and he often tells us about his funny ________. A．experiences; experiences B．experience; experience C．experience; experiences D．experiences; experience 6．—What can we learn from Zhang Guimei’s________? —We should be brave and never give up when we________ difficulties in life. A．experience; experiences B．experiences; experience C．experience; experience D．experiences; experiences 知识点8：He founded a sand-control company and led people to set up blocks to protect the trees from sandstorms.他创办了一家治沙公司，并带领人们设置防护栏，以保护树木免受沙尘暴的侵害。 ①lead动词，意为“带路；领路”，其过去式是 led 。常用短语：lead sb. to/into ...“把某人带到或带进……”；lead to“（道路等）通往……；引起；导致”。 Eg.She led the boy into the large building. 她把那个男孩领进了大楼。 This path leads to the next village. 这条小路通往下个村子。 ②protect v.→protection n.保护；防护 protect的用法 protect为及物动词，意为“保护；防护”。 常见用法：protect sb./sth. （against/from sth.），意为“保护某人/某物（免受……）”。 如： ①Doing sports helps to protect us against illness. 做运动有助于保护我们免受疾病侵扰。 ②We should protect animals from being killed. 我们应该保护动物不被杀害。 【即时小练】 1．The actor won an award for his outstanding performance as the ________ (lead). 2．His leadership qualities made him a respected ________ (lead). 3．People ________ (lead) a hard life twenty years ago. 4．We should do everything we can ________ the natural habitats. A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected 5．The ________ of the country helps to ________ the wild animals from being harmed. A．protect; protection B．protection; protect C．protective; protect D．protection; protective 知识点9：This is a great way to reduce the number of new plastic bags.这是减少新塑料袋数量的一种好方法。 【易混辨析】重点：the number of与a number of 短语 用法 图解助记 the number of 表示“ ……的数量 ”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用 单数 （单数/复数）形式 a number of 表示“ 许多 ”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用 复数 （单数/复数）形式，其中number可被large、small、great等形容词修饰 Eg.The number of the students in the room is seventeen. 房间里学生的人数是17。 A number of problems need solving. 许多问题需要解决。 【即时小练】 1．The number of cars in our city ________ greatly in the past five years. A．increase B．increased C．has increased D．will increase 2．In our school library, there are ________ number of books on art. ________ number of books is still growing larger and larger. A．a; A B．the; The C．a; The D．the; A 知识点10：First of all, people have put lots of unclean things into rivers and lakes. 首先，人们把大量不干净的东西排入了河流和湖泊中。 【易混辨析】 at first 与at the beginning同义，表示＂起初(但后来……)＂，与后来发生的事相对照。 ☞ At first I wasn’t sure if I could continue it. 起初我不确定能否继续经营下去。 first of all 与first同义，表示＂首先；最重要＂，说明顺序，后面常接next，then等。 ☞ First of all, open the window. 首先，打开窗户。 【即时小练】 1．—Mom,how should we decorate our house? — _______ ,we should clean the house. A．So far B．First of all C．In the future D．All the time 2．_______, she told me she was having a surprise party for her mother. A．First all of B．All of first C．At the first D．First of all 知识点11：By turning deserts into forests, we can help slow down the climate change, bring down temperatures, and reduce sandstorms.通过把沙漠变成森林，我们可以帮助减缓气候变化、降低气温并减少沙尘暴。 by的用法 用法 意义 例句 by ＋v.－ing形式 通过……方式（途径） He makes a living by teaching. 他通过教书谋生。 by＋时间点 在……之前；不迟于 You must be home by 10：00 p.m. 你必须晚上十点之前到家。 by＋交通工具 乘坐 He usually goes to work by bike. 他通常骑自行车去上班。 by＋地点名词 在……旁； 靠近 She is sitting by the window. 她正坐在窗户旁边。 【拓展】by还可用于固定搭配中：by the way 顺便问一下；by mistake 错误地；by hand 手工；by oneself 靠自己；by accident 偶然，意外地 【用法详解】turn ... into ...意为“把……变成”，相当于change ... into ...。 Eg.The teacher asked us to turn/change the sentences into English. 老师让我们把这些句子译成英文。 turn的用法 作动词，意为“转向，转身”。 Turn right at the traffic lights. 在红绿灯处向右拐。 作系动词，意为“变得；达到”。 Leaves turn brown in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄。 She turned 18 last year. 她去年满18岁了。 作名词，意为“轮流”。 it’s one’s turn to do sth.“轮到……做某事”， take turns doing sth./to do sth. “轮流做某事” It’s your turn to do the dishes. 轮到你洗碗了。 We take turns cleaning the classroom. 我们轮流打扫教室。 turn on，turn off，turn down与turn up 四者均为动词短语，当其后的宾语为名词时，名词放在介词前后均可；当其后的宾语为代词时，代词必须放在turn与介词的中间。其具体用法如下： turn on “打开(自来水、煤气等)”或“开(电灯、电视等)电源” Would you mind turning on the electric fan？你介意打开电风扇吗？ turn off “关掉，切断” Tom, turn off the tap！There is water all over the floor. Tom，关上水龙头！满地都是水。 turn down “调小，关小音量” Do you mind if I turn down the music？你介意我把音乐调小声些吗？ “拒绝” There’s no reason to turn down this suggestion. 没有理由拒绝这个建议。 turn up “调大，使音量变大” There are so many people here. Let’s turn up the music. 这里有如此多的人。让我们把音乐声音调大些吧。 “突然出现” She turned up at my house late one night. 一天深夜她突然来到我家。 【即时小练】 1．I often practice pronunciation by ________. A．read aloud B．reading aloud C．read loud D．reading loud 2．The students are preparing ________ the upcoming exam ________ staying up late. A．for; by B．to; with C．about; in D．with; for 3．—Would you mind ______ the radio down? —Not at all. A．turn B．turning C．to turn D．turned 4．—It’s your turn ________ the dishes. —OK. I’ll do it right now. A．wash B．to wash C．washing 知识点12：Have you read anything interesting these days?这些天你读了什么有趣的东西吗？ anything interesting 意为“任何有趣的事”。形容词修饰something、anything等不定代词或somewhere、anywhere等不定副词时，应该放在这些不定代词或不定副词的 后面 （前面/后面）。 Eg.I want to go somewhere relaxing this summer. 今年夏天我想去个令人放松的地方。 Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸有新的东西吗? 【即时小练】 1．—Did you do ________ interesting? —No, ________ special. I just stayed at home. A．anything; nothing B．nothing; anything C．something; anything D．anything; something 2．— Is there ________ about your life in the USA? — Yes. I will tell you some when I have free time. A．something interesting B．anything interesting C．interesting something D．interesting anything 知识点13：It's about how small things can make a big difference in protecting the environment.这是关于在保护环境方面，小事情如何能带来大改变。 make a big difference：产生很大影响；作用重大；带来巨大改变 拓展变体（中考常考） make a difference 有影响，起作用（无 big，通用） make a big difference to… 对…… 影响很大（最重要搭配） make little difference 几乎没有影响 make no difference 没有作用，无关紧要 make much difference（多用于否定、疑问） 【即时小练】 1.Small good habits ________ to our daily life. A. make a big difference B. makes a big difference C. make big difference D. makes big difference 知识点14：We should then try our best to reduce pollution.那么，我们应该尽最大努力减少污染。 (1)try作动词时，其常见用法如下： 常见搭配： try on 试穿 try out 参加……选拔；试用 如： We try to make our community a better place. 我们尽力让我们的小区变得更好。 如： He always helps his mother with the housework. 他总是帮着妈妈做一些家务。 Cooking helps us (to) show our love for family members. 做饭有助于我们向家人展示我们的爱。 Help yourself to some tea, Linda. 随便喝点茶吧，Linda。 I can’t help laughing when I watch them. 当看着他们的时候，我忍不住笑起来！ She always helps me out whenever I am in trouble. 每当我有困难时，她总是帮我克服。 【即时小练】 1．—How can we make our dreams come true? —We should keep ________ and never give up when facing difficulties. A．try B．trying C．to try D．tried 2．Different methods ________, but none were ideal. A．tried B．were tried C．are trying D．try 单元语法：前缀re和现在完成时（2） 一、前缀re 一、考情总览 前缀 re- 是中考构词法、词性转换、单词拼写超级高频考点。 所有 re- 单词只有 两个核心含义，记住即可秒杀所有考题： 核心含义 具体解释 中考例句 1. 又、再 (Again) 表示重复做某个动作（最常见） I must reread the text. (我必须重读这篇文章。) 2. 回、向后 (Back) 表示回到原来的状态或位置 He returned home. (他返回了家。) Please reply to me. (请回复我。) 第二部分：中考必背高频词汇清单 含义1：重新、再次（最常考） 表示动作再做一遍、重复一次。 中考高频词 re- 派生词含义 简单例句 write (写) rewrite 重写 Please rewrite your homework. 请重写你的作业。 tell (讲述) retell 复述 Can you retell the story? 你能复述这个故事吗？ build (修建) rebuild (v. 重建) Workers will rebuild the old bridge next year.工人们明年将重建这座旧桥。 cycle (循环/骑) recycle回收利用 We can recycle paper and bottles. 我们可以回收纸张和瓶子。 cover (覆盖) recover (v. 恢复、康复) She is recovering well after her illness.她生病后恢复得很好。 call (呼叫) recall (v. 回忆、记起) I can recall my happy childhood easily.我能轻松回忆起我快乐的童年。 act (行动) react (v. 反应、回应) How do you react to this new rule?你对这条新规则有什么反应？ new (新的) renew (v. 更新、续期) We need to renew our student cards this term.这学期我们需要更新学生证。 read 读 reread 重读、再读 Reread the passage carefully. 仔细重读文章。 use 使用 reuse 重复使用、再利用 We should reuse water. 我们应该循环用水。 start 开始 restart 重新开始 Let’s restart our game. 我们重新开始游戏吧。 view 看 review 复习、回顾 We review lessons every evening. 我们每天晚上复习功课。 含义2：退回、往后、归还 表示动作往回做、归还、退回。 turn 转动 return 返回、归还 I will return the book tomorrow. 我明天归还这本书。 ply 折叠→回应 reply 回复、回答 Please reply to my message. 请回复我的消息。 三、中考 re- 构词规则（必记） 1. 词性规则 re + 动词 = 新动词 几乎所有 re- 单词都是动词，极少出形容词/名词。 2. 发音小规律（辅助记忆） 重写、重做类：/riː/（长音） rewrite, reuse, reread 退回类：/rɪ/（短音） return, reply 四、中考超级易错点（扣分重灾区） 易错1：review 不是“再次看”，固定义“复习” ❌ 再次看    ✅ 复习、回顾 易错2：return 固定搭配必考 return sp. 返回某地（不加 back！） ❌ return back （绝对错误，重复累赘） ✅ return home 回家 易错3：reuse / recycle 词义区分 reuse 再次直接使用（重复利用） recycle 回收、加工再利用（环保类考点） 五、中考必考 re- 单词总表（精简版） rewrite 重写 | reread 重读 | retell 复述 reuse 再利用 | recycle 回收 | restart 重启 review 复习 | return 返回、归还 | reply 回复 2、 现在完成时（2） 一、现在完成时表示经历的用法 表示经历的词汇 用法说明 示例 have/has been to（去过） 表示去过某地，可以与never、ever、just、once等连用 Mr.Smith has ever been to China three times. 史密斯先生曾去过中国三次。 ever（曾经） 常用于现在完成时的一般疑问句中，放在主语之后、过去分词之前 Have you ever visited the Palace Museum? 你曾参观过故宫博物院吗？ never（从没） 表示否定，用在助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。表示否定的简短回答可以用neither —I have never been to Hong Kong. —Me neither. 我也没去过。 二、have/has been to、have/has gone to与have/has been in的用法区别 比较项目 用法说明 图解助记 have/has been to 意为“ 去过某地 ”，表示去过某地，现在已经回来了，通常与表示次数等的状语连用，如twice、several times、ever或never等 have/has gone to 意为“ 去了某地 ”，表示到某地去了，强调说话时去某地的人不在场（可能在途中，也可能已到达） have/has been in 意为“在某地待了多久”，in后面接表示地点的名词，通常与一段时间连用 Eg.She has been to Europe twice. 她去过欧洲两次。（已经回来了） —Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪里？ —He has gone to England. 他去英国了。（现在不在这里） I have been in China for two years. 我已经在中国待了两年了。 【拓展延伸】若have/has been to或have/has gone to后接here、there、home等副词时，则省略介词to。 Eg.He has gone home. 他回家去了。 三、现在完成时的“未完成用法” 现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。此时常与for或since引导的时间状语（从句）连用。 表示“未完成”的句式 示例 现在完成时+ for +一段时间 We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 现在完成时+ since +表示过去的时间点 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 自从1984年史密斯先生就在这里工作。 现在完成时+ since +从句 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生就住在这儿。 【拓展延伸】 1.在现在完成时中，for与since引导的时间状语可以进行相互转换，即“for +时间段= since +时间段+ ago”。 Eg.I have kept the book for a month. = I have kept the book since a month ago. 我已经借这本书一个月了。 2.在现在完成时中，当谓语动词是延续性动词时，可以用how long提问。 Eg.He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。→ How long has he been a soldier?他参军多长时间了？ 四、延续性动词与非延续性动词 1.延续性动词表示经验、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续性动词替换并用在现在完成时中。 2.在现在完成时的句子中，若含有for或since引导的时间 状语，则句中谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法有： （1）将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”，这样才能和时间段连用： begin/start → be on（开始） marry → be married （结婚） coma back → be back（回来） come here → be here（来这里） open → be open（开业） close → be closed（关门） die → be dead （死） get/arrive/reach → be in/at（到达） finish → be over（结束） fall ill → be ill（生病） leave → be away （离开） join/become → be in/be a member of（参加；加入） （2）有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词 borrow/lend → keep （借） put on → wear/be on（穿） become → be （成为） get to know → know（认识） buy → have （买） catch a cold → have a cold（感冒） receive → have（收到） go to sleep → sleep（睡觉） Eg.【译】这家商店已经开业6小时了。 【误】The shop has opened for 6 hours. 【正】The shop has been open for 6 hours. 【注意】在完成时的否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Eg.I haven’t caught a cold for two hours. 我已经2个月没感冒了。 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1．We should raise people’s ________ (aware) of protecting wild animals. 2．The ________ (introduce) of this magazine talks about sea protection. 3．Chinese people have been ________ (celebrate) the Mid-Autumn Festival for centuries. 4．It’s my great ________ (honour) to join the environmental union. 5．You can see giraffes and eagles ________ (everywhere) in this wildlife park. 6．We need close ________ (cooperate) to finish the task. 7．Please answer the question ________ (correct). 8．Thank you for your ________ (donate) to animal charity. 9．Paper ________ (recycle) helps save lots of trees. 10．He set up an ________ (organize) to save sea animals. 二、单项选择 11．—Since 2 years ago, Uncle Bob ________ free meals to people in need. —It’s such a kind act! A．offered B．has offered C．was offering 12．—How long have you been in the Helpers’ Club? —________ 2016. A．In B．Since C．For 13．China ________ great progress in developing renewable energy since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan. A．made B．has made C．is making 14．Since last year, Fengshan Library ________ a nice reading place to the students in need. A．offered B．has offered C．was offering 15．Have you ________ seen a whale or a dolphin in the ocean? A．never B．ever C．already D．yet 16．You should sort rubbish ________ before putting it into different bins. A．correct B．correctly C．correctness D．correcting 17．We must raise people’s environmental ________ to cut down pollution. A．awareness B．instruction C．process D．honour 18．—Oh, your bike looks very nice. Is it new? —No, I ________ it since three years ago. A．bought B．have bought C．have had 19．Our headteacher likes reading very much. He ________ more than thirty books since last term. A．will read B．has read C．was reading 20．—Kelly ________ an organization for environmental protection since 2 years ago. —I think we should learn to be green people like her. A．has joined B．has come to C．has worked for 三、完形填空 从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 According to experts, over 22,000 plastic bottles are thrown away every second, and the number is still growing. 21 a small part of them get recycled, most end up in the ocean. There, they break up into small pieces. Fish and birds often think of them 22 food by mistake, which is dangerous for them. Now, Robert has 23 up with an idea that may not solve the world’s plastic problems, but will at least make progress and hopefully inspire (鼓舞) others. He plans to use the plastic bottles to build a village in the forest of Bocas Del Toro, Panama. Robert is a Canadian businessman. He has been living in the central American country for many years. He started Bocas Del Toro’s 24 project in 2012, after noticing plastic waste being 25 thrown away on the island’s beautiful beaches. During one year and a half, Robert and his volunteers collected over a million plastic bottles! In 2015, he had the idea of using the 26 to build houses, and then the Plastic Bottle Village was born. The project is on an island in the Bocas Del Toro. It’s still in its beginning. So far, they have 27 only a number of houses. But if Robert has his way (如愿以偿), there will soon be a special community, and 90 to 120 28 will live in the Plastic Bottle Village. If he can raise enough money, Robert also plans to build an education center with student dormitories (宿舍). He wants 29 to learn how to use the plastic waste. Recycling plastic bottles is 30 in cutting down the amount of plastic that ends up in our oceans each year, but the smartest thing to do is to avoid them completely. So do your part. 21．A．Where B．While C．What 22．A．as B．to C．for 23．A．run B．look C．come 24．A．saving B．recycling C．planting 25．A．carefully B．happily C．carelessly 26．A．bottles B．boxes C．bags 27．A．bought B．built C．dreamed 28．A．rooms B．houses C．families 29．A．another B．other C．others 30．A．helpful B．harmful C．awful 四、阅读理解 Plastic is everywhere. It has been found at the bottom of the ocean. It’s been found at the top of Mount Qomolangma. Now plastic has been found in another unlikely place: on the backs of hermit crabs (寄居蟹). Hermit crabs are small and have soft bodies. To protect themselves, they usually wear seashells (贝壳). They find shells left behind by dead sea snails (海螺). But according to a study, at least 386 hermit crabs are wearing rubbish now. There are 16 kinds of hermit crabs that live on land, and 10 kinds of them are wearing rubbish now. And nearly 9 out of 10 of these crabs are wearing plastic. The others are wearing glass or metal. Scientists aren’t sure why hermit crabs are now choosing rubbish instead of snail shells. But they have some ideas. It’s possible that hermit crabs can’t find enough seashells. It’s also possible that crabs choose plastic because it’s light and easy to carry. Or they just like the bright colors. Scientists agree that plastic pollution is bad for wildlife and the environment. But it isn’t clear that the crabs are in any danger. “It’s really an amazing example of the beauty of adaptation (适应),” an expert says. “What are the long-term results of these adaptations? We don’t know.” 31．What do hermit crabs usually wear to protect themselves? A．Plastic. B．Glass. C．Metal. D．Seashells. 32．How does the writer explain the study according to Paragraph 3? A．By asking a question. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving an example. D．By telling a story. 33．Which could be one of the reasons why hermit crabs wear rubbish? A．The rubbish is colorful. B．The rubbish is heavy for protection. C．The rubbish is easy to find. D．The seashells are enough for hermit crabs. 34．What can we know about hermit crabs? A．They have their own shells. B．They like wearing glass more than plastic. C．They are in great danger because of plastic pollution. D．They are very smart to adapt to the environmental changes. 35．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Protecting Hermit Crabs B．Hermit Crabs and Sea Snails C．Plastic Pollution D．Hermit Crabs in Danger 五、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 they  harm  although  rubbish  offer  into  show  have  wonder  way Schoolbags have become common and popular among students in the past 30 years. How many schoolbags have you 36 since you went to school? If your schoolbags become old, will you just treat them as 37 and throw them away? Five years ago, a research 38 that 85% of the old schoolbags ended up in dustbins. But as we know, most schoolbags are produced from different materials. If we throw them away, they will be 39 to our environment. 40 some of the old schoolbags are not what they used to be, there are still many things you can do with them. Here are some useful 41 for you. For example, it is a 42 idea that you can put your old schoolbags online for sale. Also, 43 your schoolbags to other poor kids is another good choice, as those old schoolbags may make 44 life more convenient than before. In a word, old schoolbags are still of great value if we make good use of them. Remember: rubbish can be changed 45 treasures (宝物)! 六、短文填空 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Have you ever been to the Yellow River? If you visit there, you’ll find everything has changed. In many old people’s childhood, all about this river is the color yellow. When it rained, 46 water poured out of the river and the paths were covered 47 earth. It would make them impossible to travel and farm. Because of the bad weather 48 the poor land, they couldn’t even have enough food. But things have changed 49 a green program began in the late 1990s. The program asked to return the farmland to forests. At first, lots of people couldn’t understand it. Thanks 50 the local government’s efforts, the people agreed to plant trees. Today, the area around the mountains is full of trees. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 A Green Earth, a Better Home（复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕 “A Green Earth, a Better Home” 环保主题，复习各类污染、低碳 3R 生活、治沙护绿相关内容。 2、掌握污染、环保行动类词汇，熟记 re - 前缀单词、reduce/reuse/recycle 核心短语。 3、会用带 for/since 的现在完成时描述长期环境变化；区分因果逻辑、归纳环保共性做法。 4、能围绕污染成因、危害、低碳做法开展对话，写环保倡议书，树立环保意识。 复习重难点 重点： 带 for/since 的现在完成时用法；re - 前缀构词；污染与环保行动描述句型、因果过渡句。 难点： 短暂性动词与延续动词转换；for 与 since 用法区分；写作梳理 “污染原因 — 危害 — 解决措施” 逻辑。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：As the city has made great efforts in fighting against air pollution for these years,people can see much clearer sky now. ①make efforts in doing sth努力做某事；倾力做某事 拓展： 1.make efforts to do sth（最常用）努力去做某事 例句：We make great efforts to reduce waste.我们努力减少垃圾。 2.spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事（高频满分短语） 例句：We spare no effort in protecting the sky.我们不遗余力守护蓝天。 ②过去式 / 过去分词：fought 现在分词：fighting （一）v. 动词 打架；抗争；治理；奋斗 高频固定搭配（考试重点） 1. fight against sth对抗、抵制、治理（坏事：污染、疾病、贫困） 原句：fight against air pollution 治理空气污染 例句：We fight against waste. 我们抵制浪费。 2. fight with sb ① 和某人打架 ② 和某人并肩作战 例：fight with classmates 和同学打架 fight with friends against difficulties 和朋友一起对抗困难 3. fight for sth 为…… 而奋斗、争取 fight for clean air 为洁净空气而努力 fight for our dreams 为梦想奋斗 4. fight to do sth 奋力做某事 They fight to protect rivers. 他们奋力保护河流。 （二）n. 名词 打斗；斗争；抗争 1. have a fight with sb 和某人打架 2. a fight against pollution 一场治污攻坚战 【即时小练】 1．Many Chinese scientists ________ great efforts to develop space technology in the past few years. A．make B．made C．will make D．have made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，许多中国科学家为发展空间技术付出了巨大的努力。根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或持续到现在。现在完成时的结构：have/has+过去分词，应填have made。 2．China ________ great efforts to increase the trade with the Middle East countries in the last two years. A．make B．made C．has made D．was made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的两年里，中国为增加与中东国家的贸易做出了巨大努力。考查时态。根据“in the last two years”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 3．Like Ne Zha, we should fight ________ all the difficulties to realize our dreams. A．above B．against C．after D．across 【答案】B 【详解】句意：像哪吒一样，我们应该对抗所有困难，去实现我们的梦想。above 在……上方；against 对抗；after 在……之后；across 穿过。固定搭配fight against意为“与……作斗争、对抗”，此处指对抗困难，against符合该语境逻辑，其他选项均不符合，应选against。 4．He fights ______ school bullying and grows into a strong man. A．for B．against C．with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他对抗校园欺凌，成长为一名坚强的男子汉。for为了；against反对；with和。根据“school bullying”可知是反对校园欺凌，fight against意为“对抗”，强调主动发起对抗行为，应用against。 知识点2：Noise pollution not only causes many health problems in humans hearing, but also harms animals, especially whales and dolphins in the ocean. 噪音污染不仅会导致人类听力的多种健康问题，还会伤害动物，尤其是海洋中的鲸鱼和海豚。 ①【妙辨异同】either… or…/neither… nor…/not only… but (also)…/ both… and… 辨析 意义 谓语动词(连接主语时) either… or… 或者……或者……； 要么……要么…… 就近一致 neither… nor… 既不……也不…… not only… but (also)… 不但……而且…… both… and… ……和……都…… 用复数 ②【用法详解】especially副词，意为“尤其；特别；格外”。当陈述某一事实，并列举一个具有代表性的例子做进一步的强调时，常用especially，其后可接名词、介词短语等。 Eg.Aunt Alice loves animals, especially dogs. 艾丽斯阿姨喜爱动物，尤其爱狗。 I love Rome, especially in the spring. 我喜欢罗马，尤其是春天的罗马。 【拓展延伸】especially还可用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，强调程度。 Eg.I especially want to see that film. 我特别想看那部电影。 We are especially busy today. 我们今天特别忙。 【即时小练】 1．Not only his teammates but also he ________ to high working standards all the time. A．keep B．keeps C．kept D．keeping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不仅他的队友，而且他一直坚持高工作标准。根据not only... but also...连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与最近的主语he保持一致，且时间状语all the time表明是一般现在时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式keeps。 2．Not only his classmates but also he ________ interested in protecting the environment. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅他的同学们，而且他也对保护环境感兴趣。连接主语的结构“Not only...but also...”遵循就近一致原则，谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。本题中靠近谓语的主语是he，为第三人称单数，且句子描述一般事实，应用一般现在时is。 知识点3：More people are taking actions to reduce it and bring back the natural sky. 越来越多的人正在采取行动来减少它，并恢复自然的天空。 ①take actions to do sth采取行动去做某事 同义：take measures to do sth ②bring back + 名词 :恢复；使…… 回归；带回 bring back the natural sky 恢复自然天空 拓展：bring back memories 唤起回忆 例句:More people are taking actions to protect the earth.越来越多人采取行动保护地球。 We are taking actions to bring back clean water.我们正在采取行动重现洁净水源。 【即时小练】 1.The government ________ to reduce pollution these years. A. take action B. takes action C. take actions D. has taken actions 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这些年来政府已经采取行动减少污染。时间标志词 these years 常与现在完成时连用；固定短语 take actions to do sth，主语 the government 为单数，现在完成时结构为 has + 过去分词，take 的过去分词为 taken，故选 D。 知识点4：There used to be few trees and I was always hungry.那里过去树木很少，而且我总是挨饿。 “used to +动词原形”表示“过去常常……”，只用于过去时态，没有人称和数的变化。其疑问句和否定句常借助did。 Eg.Mr. Wu used to walk after supper. 吴先生过去常常在晚饭后散步。 Did you use to swim in the lake near the village? 你过去常常在村子附近的湖里游泳吗？ 【易混辨析】重点：be used to doing, be used to do与used to do be used to doing sth. 意为“ 习惯于做某事 ”，其中to是介词，后跟动词 ing 形式 be used to do sth. 意为“ 被用来做某事 ”，其中to为不定式符号，后跟动词__原形___ used to do sth. 意为“ 过去常常做某事 ”，只用于过去时态，其中to是不定式符号，后跟动词_原形 Eg.I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。 A pen is used to write. 钢笔是用来写字的。 He used to read books for an hour every day. 他过去常常每天读一个小时的书。 【即时小练】 1．The robot arm ________ to repair the satellite outside the station last week. A．uses B．used C．was used D．is used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上周机械臂被用来修理空间站外的卫星。根据“last week”，句子为一般过去时，主语“The robot arm”是动作“use”的承受者，因此用被动语态，一般过去时被动语态的构成为“was/were + 过去分词”，应填was used。 2．Villagers ________ convenient e-payment ten years ago. They only used cash. A．used to have B．didn’t use to have C．weren’t used to have D．use to have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：村民们在十年前没有便捷的电子支付。他们只用现金。used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，其否定形式为didn’t use to do sth.“过去不曾，过去不常做某事”。根据时间状语“ten years ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。结合后句“They only used cash”可知，十年前村民们没有电子支付，表示“过去不曾”，didn’t use to符合，应填didn’t use to have。 知识点5：Reusing means making use of something again or in another way, such as using the water from your showers to clean the toilet and donating old clothes to charity. 再利用是指再次使用某物或以另一种方式使用它，例如用淋浴的水来冲厕所，以及把旧衣服捐给慈善机构。 ①make use of 利用 make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用 make better use of 更好地利用 例句：We should make full use of every chance.我们应该充分利用每一次机会。 ②donate v. 捐赠；捐献 固定搭配（必考） donate sth to sb / sth 把某物捐赠给…… ✅ donate money to the poor 给穷人捐款 donate to + 机构 Many people donate to this charity.很多人向这家慈善机构捐款。 派生词 donation n. [C/U] 捐赠物；捐款 make a donation 进行捐赠 例句：They donate books to rural schools every year.他们每年向乡村学校捐赠书籍。 【即时小练】 1．It’s important for students to ________ colourful school activities to have fun, make friends and learn new things. A．make progress in B．take part in C．take care of D．make use of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对学生来说，参加多彩的学校活动去玩得开心、交朋友和学习新事物是很重要的。 make progress in取得进展；take part in参加；take care of照顾；make use of利用。根据句意，学生需要实际参与活动才能达成玩得开心、交朋友等目的，故填take part in。 2．The saying “One cannot put back the clock” tells us ________. A．where should we put the clock B．what people can’t do with the clock C．that it is necessary to make good use of time D．why can’t we make the clock walk more slowly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“时光不能倒流”这句谚语告诉我们，必须充分利用时间。 考查宾语从句。分析句子，空格处为宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，排除选项A和D；“One cannot put back the clock”意为“时光不能倒流”，是告诉我们必须充分利用时间。故选C。 3．It’s so kind________ you to donate money and books ________ those children in need. A．of; for B．for; to C．of; to D．for; for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你捐钱和书给那些需要帮助的孩子们，真是太善良了。 第一空考查句型“It’s+adj+of/for+sb+to do sth”，当形容词表示人的性格或品质（如 kind）时，介词用of；第二空考查固定搭配donate sth to sb，意为“捐赠某物给某人”，介词用to。 4．It is generous ________ the young man ________ most of his money to charity. A．for; to donate B．of; to donate C．for; donating D．of; donating 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位年轻人把大部分钱捐给慈善机构，真是太慷慨了。固定句型“It is+形容词+of/for sb.+to do sth.”。当形容词表示人的性格、品质（如generous慷慨的）时，介词用of；该句型中真正的主语是动词不定式，故第二空用to donate。 知识点6：Noises are unpleasant sounds.噪音是令人不愉快的声音。 辨析please， pleased， pleasure与pleasant 词汇 意义及用法 please 动词，意为“使愉快，使满意”。另外，也可作感叹词，意为“请”。 pleased 形容词，意为“高兴的”，作表语，常修饰人。常用结构：be pleased with对……感到满意；be pleased to do sth.乐于做某事。 pleasure 名词，作“高兴，快乐，愉快，满意”讲时，为不可数名词；作“乐事，快事”讲时，为可数名词。It’s a pleasure./My pleasure. 不客气。（帮忙之后表示不客气） With pleasure. 很乐意。（帮忙之前表示乐意效劳） pleasant 形容词，意为“令人愉快的；友好的，和善的”，作定语或表语。 如： ①The good news pleased the whole family. 这个好消息使全家人都很高兴。 ②We’re only too pleased to help. 我们非常愿意帮忙。 ③It’s a pleasure to talk with you. 很高兴和你谈话。 ④The climate here is pleasant. 这里的气候很宜人。 【即时小练】 1．The movie was very ________, and she felt ________ with the ending. A．pleased; pleasant B．pleasant; pleased C．pleasing; pleasant D．pleasure; pleased 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部电影非常令人愉快，她对结局感到满意。 pleasant令人愉快的，形容词，常用来修饰物；pleased感到满意的，形容词，常用来修饰人；pleasing令人愉快的，形容词；pleasure快乐，名词。第一空：由was very可知，此处应用形容词作表语，主语The movie是物，此处强调电影本身令人愉快，应用pleasant，而pleasing更侧重强调“符合预期、讨人欢心”，语义较窄，不用于日常描述电影的属性；第二空：felt后应用形容词作表语，主语she是人，应用pleased。 2．—Did you have a ________ trip to Hangzhou? —Yes, I was very ________ with it. A．pleased, pleased B．pleasant, pleasant C．pleased, pleasant D．pleasant, pleased 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你去杭州的旅行愉快吗？——愉快，我对它很满意。 pleasant令人愉快的，常修饰物；pleased感到满意的，常修饰人。第一空修饰名词“trip”，指物，应用pleasant；第二空主语是I，指人，且“be pleased with”为固定搭配。 知识点7：He asked experts for advice and tried to learn from successful experience around the world.他向专家请教，并尝试学习世界各地成功的经验。 ①ask ②successful 变形：succeed v.→success n.成功；成就；→successful adj.成功的；有成就的→successfully adv.成功地 如：When you achieve your dream， it means that you succeed in doing what you want. ③experience experience v.→experienced adj. 有经验的；经验丰富的 【即时小练】 1．Nowadays Chinese students ________ to attend labor classes to improve their life skills and prove they are growing up. A．were asked B．will be asked C．are asked D．ask 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，中国学生被要求参加劳动课，以提高他们的生活技能并证明他们正在成长。根据时间状语“Nowadays”（如今）可知，应用一般现在时；且主语“Chinese students”与动词“ask”之间为被动关系（学生被要求），故用are asked。 2．My father asked me ________. A．where did I go B．where I go C．where I went D．where do I go 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我父亲问我去了哪里。宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”，排除A、D两项疑问语序；主句谓语动词asked是过去式，从句需用相应的过去时态，排除B项一般现在时。C项语序正确且时态一致。 3．Some day she will become as ________ as her role model. A．more successful B．less successful C．successful D．the most successful 【答案】C 【详解】句意：总有一天她会变得和她的榜样一样成功。“as+形容词/副词原级+as”固定结构，表示“和……一样……”。中间必须用形容词或副词的原级，不能用比较级或最高级。应填successful。 4．He is hard-working and ________. I hope he will have more ________ at his business. A．success; successful B．successful; success C．successfully; successful D．successful; successful 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他工作勤奋且成功。我希望他在事业上取得更多成功。根据“He is hard-working and...”可知，and连接并列成分，hard-working是形容词，故第一空应填形容词successful作表语；根据“have more...”可知，have是动词，more修饰名词，故第二空应填名词success作宾语。 5．He has a lot of ________ in teaching, and he often tells us about his funny ________. A．experiences; experiences B．experience; experience C．experience; experiences D．experiences; experience 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他在教学方面有很多经验，他经常给我们讲他有趣的经历。experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词，作“经历”讲时是可数名词。第一空指“教学经验”，experience是不可数名词；第二空指“有趣的经历”，用复数experiences。 6．—What can we learn from Zhang Guimei’s________? —We should be brave and never give up when we________ difficulties in life. A．experience; experiences B．experiences; experience C．experience; experience D．experiences; experiences 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们能从张桂梅的经历中学到什么？——面对生活中遇到困难时，我们要勇敢、永不放弃。第一空名词所有格后用名词，此处指人生经历（人生不止一段经历），用可数名词复数experience；第二空主语we后用动词原形experience，表示“遭遇、经历（困难）”，应填experiences; experience。 知识点8：He founded a sand-control company and led people to set up blocks to protect the trees from sandstorms.他创办了一家治沙公司，并带领人们设置防护栏，以保护树木免受沙尘暴的侵害。 ①lead动词，意为“带路；领路”，其过去式是 led 。常用短语：lead sb. to/into ...“把某人带到或带进……”；lead to“（道路等）通往……；引起；导致”。 Eg.She led the boy into the large building. 她把那个男孩领进了大楼。 This path leads to the next village. 这条小路通往下个村子。 ②protect v.→protection n.保护；防护 protect的用法 protect为及物动词，意为“保护；防护”。 常见用法：protect sb./sth. （against/from sth.），意为“保护某人/某物（免受……）”。 如： ①Doing sports helps to protect us against illness. 做运动有助于保护我们免受疾病侵扰。 ②We should protect animals from being killed. 我们应该保护动物不被杀害。 【即时小练】 1．The actor won an award for his outstanding performance as the ________ (lead). 【答案】lead 【详解】句意：这位演员凭借饰演主角的出色表演斩获奖项。定冠词the后需要接名词，lead可以直接作名词，表示“主角”，符合语境。 2．His leadership qualities made him a respected ________ (lead). 【答案】leader 【详解】句意：他的领导才能使他成为一名受人尊敬的领导者。根据“made him a respected”可知空处应填名词作宾语补足语，“respected”表示“受人尊敬的”，后接单数名词leader“领导者”，符合题意。 3．People ________ (lead) a hard life twenty years ago. 【答案】led 【详解】句意：二十年前人们过着艰苦的生活。 句中时间状语twenty years ago表示二十年前，动作发生在过去，句子使用一般过去时，lead的过去式为led。 4．We should do everything we can ________ the natural habitats. A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们应该尽我们所能来保护自然栖息地。分析句子结构可知，前半句“We should do everything we can”结构完整，空格处表示目的，动词不定式作目的状语，意为“为了”，所以填to protect。 5．The ________ of the country helps to ________ the wild animals from being harmed. A．protect; protection B．protection; protect C．protective; protect D．protection; protective 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个国家的保护有助于保护野生动物免受伤害。protect保护（动词）；protection保护（名词）；protective保护的（形容词）。第一空位于定冠词The之后，需填名词protection作主语；第二空位于helps to之后，需填动词原形protect，构成help to do sth.及protect...from...搭配。 知识点9：This is a great way to reduce the number of new plastic bags.这是减少新塑料袋数量的一种好方法。 【易混辨析】重点：the number of与a number of 短语 用法 图解助记 the number of 表示“ ……的数量 ”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用 单数 （单数/复数）形式 a number of 表示“ 许多 ”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用 复数 （单数/复数）形式，其中number可被large、small、great等形容词修饰 Eg.The number of the students in the room is seventeen. 房间里学生的人数是17。 A number of problems need solving. 许多问题需要解决。 【即时小练】 1．The number of cars in our city ________ greatly in the past five years. A．increase B．increased C．has increased D．will increase 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的五年里，我们城市的汽车数量大大增加了。 根据时间状语“in the past five years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在。主语“The number”为单数，助动词用has，has increased符合语境。 2．In our school library, there are ________ number of books on art. ________ number of books is still growing larger and larger. A．a; A B．the; The C．a; The D．the; A 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在我们学校的图书馆里，有许多关于艺术的书籍。这些书的数量仍在越来越多。a number of表示“许多”，后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数；the number of表示“……的数量”，后接复数名词，谓语动词用单数。第一空后谓语动词是are，故用a；第二空后谓语动词is，且位于句首需大写，故用The。 知识点10：First of all, people have put lots of unclean things into rivers and lakes. 首先，人们把大量不干净的东西排入了河流和湖泊中。 【易混辨析】 at first 与at the beginning同义，表示＂起初(但后来……)＂，与后来发生的事相对照。 ☞ At first I wasn’t sure if I could continue it. 起初我不确定能否继续经营下去。 first of all 与first同义，表示＂首先；最重要＂，说明顺序，后面常接next，then等。 ☞ First of all, open the window. 首先，打开窗户。 【即时小练】 1．—Mom,how should we decorate our house? — _______ ,we should clean the house. A．So far B．First of all C．In the future D．All the time 【答案】B 【详解】解析：句意：——妈妈，我们应该怎么样装扮我们的房子？——首先，我们应该打扫房子。A. So far到目前为止。B. First of all首先。C. In the future将来。D. All the time一直。根据句意，结合选项，故答案选B。 2．_______, she told me she was having a surprise party for her mother. A．First all of B．All of first C．At the first D．First of all 【答案】D 【详解】句意：首先，她告诉我她正在给她的妈妈准备一个惊喜派对。first of all是一个固定短语，首先，故应选D。其他三个选项的构成都不对。 知识点11：By turning deserts into forests, we can help slow down the climate change, bring down temperatures, and reduce sandstorms.通过把沙漠变成森林，我们可以帮助减缓气候变化、降低气温并减少沙尘暴。 by的用法 用法 意义 例句 by ＋v.－ing形式 通过……方式（途径） He makes a living by teaching. 他通过教书谋生。 by＋时间点 在……之前；不迟于 You must be home by 10：00 p.m. 你必须晚上十点之前到家。 by＋交通工具 乘坐 He usually goes to work by bike. 他通常骑自行车去上班。 by＋地点名词 在……旁； 靠近 She is sitting by the window. 她正坐在窗户旁边。 【拓展】by还可用于固定搭配中：by the way 顺便问一下；by mistake 错误地；by hand 手工；by oneself 靠自己；by accident 偶然，意外地 【用法详解】turn ... into ...意为“把……变成”，相当于change ... into ...。 Eg.The teacher asked us to turn/change the sentences into English. 老师让我们把这些句子译成英文。 turn的用法 作动词，意为“转向，转身”。 Turn right at the traffic lights. 在红绿灯处向右拐。 作系动词，意为“变得；达到”。 Leaves turn brown in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄。 She turned 18 last year. 她去年满18岁了。 作名词，意为“轮流”。 it’s one’s turn to do sth.“轮到……做某事”， take turns doing sth./to do sth. “轮流做某事” It’s your turn to do the dishes. 轮到你洗碗了。 We take turns cleaning the classroom. 我们轮流打扫教室。 turn on，turn off，turn down与turn up 四者均为动词短语，当其后的宾语为名词时，名词放在介词前后均可；当其后的宾语为代词时，代词必须放在turn与介词的中间。其具体用法如下： turn on “打开(自来水、煤气等)”或“开(电灯、电视等)电源” Would you mind turning on the electric fan？你介意打开电风扇吗？ turn off “关掉，切断” Tom, turn off the tap！There is water all over the floor. Tom，关上水龙头！满地都是水。 turn down “调小，关小音量” Do you mind if I turn down the music？你介意我把音乐调小声些吗？ “拒绝” There’s no reason to turn down this suggestion. 没有理由拒绝这个建议。 turn up “调大，使音量变大” There are so many people here. Let’s turn up the music. 这里有如此多的人。让我们把音乐声音调大些吧。 “突然出现” She turned up at my house late one night. 一天深夜她突然来到我家。 【即时小练】 1．I often practice pronunciation by ________. A．read aloud B．reading aloud C．read loud D．reading loud 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我经常通过大声朗读来练习发音。介词by表示“通过……方式”，后接动名词，排除A、C选项；“大声朗读”对应read aloud，aloud侧重“有声，能听见”，适合语言学习练发音；loud则侧重音量高低，多用于日常喊叫、交谈。排除D选项。 2．The students are preparing ________ the upcoming exam ________ staying up late. A．for; by B．to; with C．about; in D．with; for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：学生们正通过熬夜为即将到来的考试做准备。for为了；为……；by通过；to到；with和，用；about关于；in在……里。根据固定搭配prepare for sth.（为……做准备）可知，第一空应用for；根据“staying up late”表示做准备的方式，应用by，意为“通过……”。应填for; by。 3．—Would you mind ______ the radio down? —Not at all. A．turn B．turning C．to turn D．turned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你介意把收音机声音关小点吗？——一点也不。mind作动词，表示“介意”时，固定用法为mind doing sth.意为“介意做某事”，此处需要用turn的动名词形式turning。 4．—It’s your turn ________ the dishes. —OK. I’ll do it right now. A．wash B．to wash C．washing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——轮到你洗碗了。——好的，我马上就做。固定句型“It’s one’s turn to do sth.”意为“轮到某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。 知识点12：Have you read anything interesting these days?这些天你读了什么有趣的东西吗？ anything interesting 意为“任何有趣的事”。形容词修饰something、anything等不定代词或somewhere、anywhere等不定副词时，应该放在这些不定代词或不定副词的 后面 （前面/后面）。 Eg.I want to go somewhere relaxing this summer. 今年夏天我想去个令人放松的地方。 Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸有新的东西吗? 【即时小练】 1．—Did you do ________ interesting? —No, ________ special. I just stayed at home. A．anything; nothing B．nothing; anything C．something; anything D．anything; something 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你做了任何有趣的事吗？——没有，没什么特别的事。我只是待在家里了。anything任何事，常用于疑问句或否定句；nothing没有什么；something某事，常用于肯定句。第一空位于一般疑问句中，应用anything；第二空根据答语“No”可知表示否定含义，指没什么特别的事，应用nothing。 2．— Is there ________ about your life in the USA? — Yes. I will tell you some when I have free time. A．something interesting B．anything interesting C．interesting something D．interesting anything 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你在美国的生活有什么有趣的事吗？——有的，我有空的时候会告诉你一些。 something某事（多用于肯定句）；anything任何事（多用于疑问句/否定句）。形容词修饰不定代词要后置；本句是一般疑问句，用anything。 知识点13：It's about how small things can make a big difference in protecting the environment.这是关于在保护环境方面，小事情如何能带来大改变。 make a big difference：产生很大影响；作用重大；带来巨大改变 拓展变体（中考常考） make a difference 有影响，起作用（无 big，通用） make a big difference to… 对…… 影响很大（最重要搭配） make little difference 几乎没有影响 make no difference 没有作用，无关紧要 make much difference（多用于否定、疑问） 【即时小练】 1.Small good habits ________ to our daily life. A. make a big difference B. makes a big difference C. make big difference D. makes big difference 【答案】A 【详解】句意：小小的好习惯会给我们的日常生活带来很大影响。固定短语 make a big difference 表示 “产生很大影响、作用重大”，短语中不定冠词 a 不可省略，排除 C、D；主语 Small good habits 是复数，一般现在时谓语动词用原形 make，故选 A。 知识点14：We should then try our best to reduce pollution.那么，我们应该尽最大努力减少污染。 (1)try作动词时，其常见用法如下： 常见搭配： try on 试穿 try out 参加……选拔；试用 如： We try to make our community a better place. 我们尽力让我们的小区变得更好。 如： He always helps his mother with the housework. 他总是帮着妈妈做一些家务。 Cooking helps us (to) show our love for family members. 做饭有助于我们向家人展示我们的爱。 Help yourself to some tea, Linda. 随便喝点茶吧，Linda。 I can’t help laughing when I watch them. 当看着他们的时候，我忍不住笑起来！ She always helps me out whenever I am in trouble. 每当我有困难时，她总是帮我克服。 【即时小练】 1．—How can we make our dreams come true? —We should keep ________ and never give up when facing difficulties. A．try B．trying C．to try D．tried 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们怎样才能实现梦想？——面对困难时，我们应该坚持尝试，永不放弃。 try尝试，动词原形；trying尝试，动名词；to try尝试，动词不定式；tried尝试，动词过去式。固定搭配keep doing sth.意为“坚持做某事”。根据“never give up”可知此处表示坚持尝试，应用动名词形式trying。 2．Different methods ________, but none were ideal. A．tried B．were tried C．are trying D．try 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不同的方法被尝试了，但没有一个是理想的。根据后半句“but none were ideal”中的“were”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语“Different methods”与动词“try”之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态 (was/were + 过去分词)，且主语为“Different methods”，be动词应用were，try的过去分词为tried。 单元语法：前缀re和现在完成时（2） 一、前缀re 一、考情总览 前缀 re- 是中考构词法、词性转换、单词拼写超级高频考点。 所有 re- 单词只有 两个核心含义，记住即可秒杀所有考题： 核心含义 具体解释 中考例句 1. 又、再 (Again) 表示重复做某个动作（最常见） I must reread the text. (我必须重读这篇文章。) 2. 回、向后 (Back) 表示回到原来的状态或位置 He returned home. (他返回了家。) Please reply to me. (请回复我。) 第二部分：中考必背高频词汇清单 含义1：重新、再次（最常考） 表示动作再做一遍、重复一次。 中考高频词 re- 派生词含义 简单例句 write (写) rewrite 重写 Please rewrite your homework. 请重写你的作业。 tell (讲述) retell 复述 Can you retell the story? 你能复述这个故事吗？ build (修建) rebuild (v. 重建) Workers will rebuild the old bridge next year.工人们明年将重建这座旧桥。 cycle (循环/骑) recycle回收利用 We can recycle paper and bottles. 我们可以回收纸张和瓶子。 cover (覆盖) recover (v. 恢复、康复) She is recovering well after her illness.她生病后恢复得很好。 call (呼叫) recall (v. 回忆、记起) I can recall my happy childhood easily.我能轻松回忆起我快乐的童年。 act (行动) react (v. 反应、回应) How do you react to this new rule?你对这条新规则有什么反应？ new (新的) renew (v. 更新、续期) We need to renew our student cards this term.这学期我们需要更新学生证。 read 读 reread 重读、再读 Reread the passage carefully. 仔细重读文章。 use 使用 reuse 重复使用、再利用 We should reuse water. 我们应该循环用水。 start 开始 restart 重新开始 Let’s restart our game. 我们重新开始游戏吧。 view 看 review 复习、回顾 We review lessons every evening. 我们每天晚上复习功课。 含义2：退回、往后、归还 表示动作往回做、归还、退回。 turn 转动 return 返回、归还 I will return the book tomorrow. 我明天归还这本书。 ply 折叠→回应 reply 回复、回答 Please reply to my message. 请回复我的消息。 三、中考 re- 构词规则（必记） 1. 词性规则 re + 动词 = 新动词 几乎所有 re- 单词都是动词，极少出形容词/名词。 2. 发音小规律（辅助记忆） 重写、重做类：/riː/（长音） rewrite, reuse, reread 退回类：/rɪ/（短音） return, reply 四、中考超级易错点（扣分重灾区） 易错1：review 不是“再次看”，固定义“复习” ❌ 再次看    ✅ 复习、回顾 易错2：return 固定搭配必考 return sp. 返回某地（不加 back！） ❌ return back （绝对错误，重复累赘） ✅ return home 回家 易错3：reuse / recycle 词义区分 reuse 再次直接使用（重复利用） recycle 回收、加工再利用（环保类考点） 五、中考必考 re- 单词总表（精简版） rewrite 重写 | reread 重读 | retell 复述 reuse 再利用 | recycle 回收 | restart 重启 review 复习 | return 返回、归还 | reply 回复 2、 现在完成时（2） 一、现在完成时表示经历的用法 表示经历的词汇 用法说明 示例 have/has been to（去过） 表示去过某地，可以与never、ever、just、once等连用 Mr.Smith has ever been to China three times. 史密斯先生曾去过中国三次。 ever（曾经） 常用于现在完成时的一般疑问句中，放在主语之后、过去分词之前 Have you ever visited the Palace Museum? 你曾参观过故宫博物院吗？ never（从没） 表示否定，用在助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。表示否定的简短回答可以用neither —I have never been to Hong Kong. —Me neither. 我也没去过。 二、have/has been to、have/has gone to与have/has been in的用法区别 比较项目 用法说明 图解助记 have/has been to 意为“ 去过某地 ”，表示去过某地，现在已经回来了，通常与表示次数等的状语连用，如twice、several times、ever或never等 have/has gone to 意为“ 去了某地 ”，表示到某地去了，强调说话时去某地的人不在场（可能在途中，也可能已到达） have/has been in 意为“在某地待了多久”，in后面接表示地点的名词，通常与一段时间连用 Eg.She has been to Europe twice. 她去过欧洲两次。（已经回来了） —Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪里？ —He has gone to England. 他去英国了。（现在不在这里） I have been in China for two years. 我已经在中国待了两年了。 【拓展延伸】若have/has been to或have/has gone to后接here、there、home等副词时，则省略介词to。 Eg.He has gone home. 他回家去了。 三、现在完成时的“未完成用法” 现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。此时常与for或since引导的时间状语（从句）连用。 表示“未完成”的句式 示例 现在完成时+ for +一段时间 We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 现在完成时+ since +表示过去的时间点 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 自从1984年史密斯先生就在这里工作。 现在完成时+ since +从句 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生就住在这儿。 【拓展延伸】 1.在现在完成时中，for与since引导的时间状语可以进行相互转换，即“for +时间段= since +时间段+ ago”。 Eg.I have kept the book for a month. = I have kept the book since a month ago. 我已经借这本书一个月了。 2.在现在完成时中，当谓语动词是延续性动词时，可以用how long提问。 Eg.He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。→ How long has he been a soldier?他参军多长时间了？ 四、延续性动词与非延续性动词 1.延续性动词表示经验、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续性动词替换并用在现在完成时中。 2.在现在完成时的句子中，若含有for或since引导的时间 状语，则句中谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法有： （1）将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”，这样才能和时间段连用： begin/start → be on（开始） marry → be married （结婚） coma back → be back（回来） come here → be here（来这里） open → be open（开业） close → be closed（关门） die → be dead （死） get/arrive/reach → be in/at（到达） finish → be over（结束） fall ill → be ill（生病） leave → be away （离开） join/become → be in/be a member of（参加；加入） （2）有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词 borrow/lend → keep （借） put on → wear/be on（穿） become → be （成为） get to know → know（认识） buy → have （买） catch a cold → have a cold（感冒） receive → have（收到） go to sleep → sleep（睡觉） Eg.【译】这家商店已经开业6小时了。 【误】The shop has opened for 6 hours. 【正】The shop has been open for 6 hours. 【注意】在完成时的否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Eg.I haven’t caught a cold for two hours. 我已经2个月没感冒了。 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1．We should raise people’s ________ (aware) of protecting wild animals. 【答案】awareness 【详解】句意：我们应该提高人们对保护野生动物的意识。空格位于名词所有格“people’s”与介词短语“of protecting wild animals”之间，在句中作宾语，应填名词。“aware”为形容词，其名词形式为“awareness”，意为“意识”，且为不可数名词，无复数变化。故填awareness。 2．The ________ (introduce) of this magazine talks about sea protection. 【答案】introduction 【详解】句意：这本杂志的引言讲述了海洋保护。定冠词The后需要名词；动词introduce对应的名词形式introduction，意为“引言，介绍”。谓语动词talks为第三人称单数，主语用单数名词。 3．Chinese people have been ________ (celebrate) the Mid-Autumn Festival for centuries. 【答案】celebrating 【详解】句意：几个世纪以来，中国人一直在庆祝中秋节。由for centuries以及have been可知本句为现在完成进行时，结构为“have/has been+现在分词”；所给单词celebrate的现在分词形式为celebrating。 4．It’s my great ________ (honour) to join the environmental union. 【答案】honour 【详解】句意：能加入环保协会是我莫大的荣幸。形容词great后面需要名词；固定句型It’s one’s honour to do sth.，意为“做某事是某人的荣幸”。 故填honour。 5．You can see giraffes and eagles ________ (everywhere) in this wildlife park. 【答案】everywhere 【详解】句意：在这座野生动物园里，你随处都能看见长颈鹿和雕。everywhere本身为副词，含义是“到处、处处”，可直接在句中作地点状语，无需变形，因此直接填原形。 6．We need close ________ (cooperate) to finish the task. 【答案】cooperation 【详解】句意：我们需要密切合作来完成这项任务。形容词close后接名词；动词cooperate的名词形式是cooperation，意为“合作，协作”，为不可数名词。 7．Please answer the question ________ (correct). 【答案】correctly 【详解】句意：请正确回答这个问题。句中修饰动词短语answer the question，需要使用副词。correct是形容词，意为“正确的”，其副词形式为correctly，表示“正确地”。 8．Thank you for your ________ (donate) to animal charity. 【答案】donation 【详解】句意：感谢您对动物慈善机构的捐赠。句中“your”为形容词性物主代词，后面需要接名词作宾语。donate的名词形式为donation，意为“捐赠”，是不可数名词，符合句意，故填donation。 9．Paper ________ (recycle) helps save lots of trees. 【答案】recycling 【详解】句意：纸张回收有助于节约大量树木。句子缺少主语，动词recycle要变为动名词recycling作主语。 10．He set up an ________ (organize) to save sea animals. 【答案】organization 【详解】句意：他成立了一个组织来拯救海洋动物。冠词an后面需要接可数名词单数；动词organize对应的名词形式是organization，意为“组织、机构”。 二、单项选择 11．—Since 2 years ago, Uncle Bob ________ free meals to people in need. —It’s such a kind act! A．offered B．has offered C．was offering 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——自从两年前以来，鲍勃叔叔一直为有需要的人提供免费餐食。——真是善举！ 根据时间状语“Since 2 years ago”可知，动作从过去开始持续到现在，应用现在完成时。应选has offered。 12．—How long have you been in the Helpers’ Club? —________ 2016. A．In B．Since C．For 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你在帮助者俱乐部多久了？——自 2016 年以来。In在……（年份 / 月份）；Since自从……以来；For长达……。根据问句“How long have you been...”可知是现在完成时，表示从过去持续到现在。“2016”是一个过去的时间点，Since后可接时间点用于现在完成时，For后接时间段，In通常用于一般过去时。故选B。 13．China ________ great progress in developing renewable energy since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan. A．made B．has made C．is making 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从“十四五”规划开始以来，中国在开发可再生能源方面已经取得了巨大进步。根据时间状语“since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan”可知，动作从过去开始持续到现在，主句应用现在完成时。 14．Since last year, Fengshan Library ________ a nice reading place to the students in need. A．offered B．has offered C．was offering 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从去年以来，凤山图书馆已经为需要帮助的学生提供了一个很好的阅读场所。offered“提供”，是动词，作谓语，根据“Since last year”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，故选B。 15．Have you ________ seen a whale or a dolphin in the ocean? A．never B．ever C．already D．yet 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你曾经在海洋里见过鲸鱼或海豚吗？never从未；ever曾经；already已经；yet还。根据“Have you... seen...”可知是询问是否曾经见过鲸鱼或海豚，ever放实义动词之前，符合语境。 16．You should sort rubbish ________ before putting it into different bins. A．correct B．correctly C．correctness D．correcting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在把垃圾放入不同的垃圾桶之前，你应该正确地分类垃圾。 correct正确的；correctly正确地；correctness正确性；correcting改正。根据“You should sort rubbish”可知，空格处填副词修饰动词sort，应用correctly。 17．We must raise people’s environmental ________ to cut down pollution. A．awareness B．instruction C．process D．honour 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们必须提高人们的环保意识以减少污染。 awareness意识；instruction指示；process过程；honour荣誉。根据“to cut down pollution”可知，为了减少污染，需要提高人们的环保“意识”，且raise awareness意为“提高意识”。 18．—Oh, your bike looks very nice. Is it new? —No, I ________ it since three years ago. A．bought B．have bought C．have had 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——哦，你的自行车看起来很漂亮。它是新的吗？——不，自从三年前我就拥有它了。 句中时间状语since three years ago表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间，谓语动词需用现在完成时且为延续性动词。buy是非延续性动词，不能与时间段连用，需转换为延续性动词 have，C项符合语法要求。 19．Our headteacher likes reading very much. He ________ more than thirty books since last term. A．will read B．has read C．was reading 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的班主任非常喜欢阅读。自从上学期以来他已经读了三十多本书。 根据时间状语“since last term”可知，应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语He是第三人称单数，助动词用has。 20．—Kelly ________ an organization for environmental protection since 2 years ago. —I think we should learn to be green people like her. A．has joined B．has come to C．has worked for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——凯莉自从两年前就一直为一家环境保护组织工作。——我认为我们应该学着成为像她一样的环保（绿色）人士。根据时间状语“since 2 years ago”可知，句子用现在完成时。join加入和come来均为瞬间动词，不能与段时间状语连用；work for是延续性动词，符合语境，句子主语Kelly是单数，助动词用has，故填has worked for。 三、完形填空 从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 According to experts, over 22,000 plastic bottles are thrown away every second, and the number is still growing. 21 a small part of them get recycled, most end up in the ocean. There, they break up into small pieces. Fish and birds often think of them 22 food by mistake, which is dangerous for them. Now, Robert has 23 up with an idea that may not solve the world’s plastic problems, but will at least make progress and hopefully inspire (鼓舞) others. He plans to use the plastic bottles to build a village in the forest of Bocas Del Toro, Panama. Robert is a Canadian businessman. He has been living in the central American country for many years. He started Bocas Del Toro’s 24 project in 2012, after noticing plastic waste being 25 thrown away on the island’s beautiful beaches. During one year and a half, Robert and his volunteers collected over a million plastic bottles! In 2015, he had the idea of using the 26 to build houses, and then the Plastic Bottle Village was born. The project is on an island in the Bocas Del Toro. It’s still in its beginning. So far, they have 27 only a number of houses. But if Robert has his way (如愿以偿), there will soon be a special community, and 90 to 120 28 will live in the Plastic Bottle Village. If he can raise enough money, Robert also plans to build an education center with student dormitories (宿舍). He wants 29 to learn how to use the plastic waste. Recycling plastic bottles is 30 in cutting down the amount of plastic that ends up in our oceans each year, but the smartest thing to do is to avoid them completely. So do your part. 21．A．Where B．While C．What 22．A．as B．to C．for 23．A．run B．look C．come 24．A．saving B．recycling C．planting 25．A．carefully B．happily C．carelessly 26．A．bottles B．boxes C．bags 27．A．bought B．built C．dreamed 28．A．rooms B．houses C．families 29．A．another B．other C．others 30．A．helpful B．harmful C．awful 【答案】 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．C 26．A 27．B 28．C 29．C 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍塑料污染严重，加拿大商人Robert收集塑料瓶在巴拿马建造村庄，旨在减少污染并启发他人环保。 【详解】21．句意：虽然只有一小部分被回收，但大多数最终流入了海洋。 While连接本句中的两个分句，表示转折关系，意为“虽然”，符合逻辑。Where“哪里”表地点，What“什么”表事物，均不符合句意逻辑。 22．句意：鱼和鸟经常误把它们当成食物，这对它们来说很危险。 此处考查固定搭配think of…as…，意为“把……当作……”，此处用as“作为”符合语境。排除to“到”和for“为了”。 23．句意：现在，罗伯特提出了一个可能无法解决世界塑料问题的想法，但至少会取得进展，并有望激励其他人。 根据空后的“an idea”可知，此处考查固定短语“come up with”，意为“想出”。has后加动词的过去分词构成现在完成时。排除run“跑”和look“看”。 24．句意：他在2012年开始了博卡斯·德尔·托罗的回收项目，此前他注意到塑料垃圾被随意地丢弃在岛屿美丽的海滩上。 根据后文“collected over a million plastic bottles”可知，此处是关于塑料瓶的“回收”项目，recycling“回收”符合文章主题。saving“挽救”和planting“种植”与“收集塑料瓶建房子”的语境不符。 25．句意：他在2012年开始了博卡斯·德尔·托罗的回收项目，此前他注意到塑料垃圾被随意地丢弃在岛屿美丽的海滩上。 A 仔细地；B 开心地；C 随意地。根据“plastic waste being ____ thrown away”可知，垃圾是被“随意”丢弃而造成污染的。carelessly“随意地；粗心地”符合污染场景。carefully“小心地”和happily“高兴地”与垃圾污染的负面语境矛盾。 26．句意：2015 年，他有了用这些瓶子建房子的想法，塑料瓶村庄由此诞生。 根据文章提到的“Plastic Bottle Village”及前文收集塑料瓶，可知是用“瓶子”建房。bottles“瓶子”符合语境。boxes“盒子”和bags“袋子”与前文“收集塑料瓶”的语境不符。 27．句意：到目前为止，他们只建了几栋房子。 根据“houses”及项目内容可知，built“建造”和houses搭配，符合语境。bought“买”和dreamed“梦想”不符合“建造村庄的实际过程”。 28．句意：但如果Robert能如愿，很快就会有一个特别的社区，90到120个家庭将住在塑料瓶村庄里。 根据“live in the Plastic Bottle Village”可知，居住的主体是“家庭”，families“家庭”符合社区居住逻辑。rooms“房间”和houses“房子”与语境不符。 29．句意：他想让其他人学习如何利用塑料垃圾。 根据“wants...to learn”可知，此处缺宾语指代“其他人”，others“其他人”指代复数其他人，符合句意。another“另一个”指单数，other“别的；其他的”后需接名词，均不符合语法。 30．句意：回收塑料瓶有助于减少每年流入海洋的塑料量，但最明智的做法是完全避免使用塑料瓶。 根据“cutting down the amount of plastic”可知，回收对减少污染是“有帮助的”。helpful“有帮助的”符合正面评价。harmful“有害的”和awful“糟糕的”与“减少污染的益处”矛盾。 四、阅读理解 Plastic is everywhere. It has been found at the bottom of the ocean. It’s been found at the top of Mount Qomolangma. Now plastic has been found in another unlikely place: on the backs of hermit crabs (寄居蟹). Hermit crabs are small and have soft bodies. To protect themselves, they usually wear seashells (贝壳). They find shells left behind by dead sea snails (海螺). But according to a study, at least 386 hermit crabs are wearing rubbish now. There are 16 kinds of hermit crabs that live on land, and 10 kinds of them are wearing rubbish now. And nearly 9 out of 10 of these crabs are wearing plastic. The others are wearing glass or metal. Scientists aren’t sure why hermit crabs are now choosing rubbish instead of snail shells. But they have some ideas. It’s possible that hermit crabs can’t find enough seashells. It’s also possible that crabs choose plastic because it’s light and easy to carry. Or they just like the bright colors. Scientists agree that plastic pollution is bad for wildlife and the environment. But it isn’t clear that the crabs are in any danger. “It’s really an amazing example of the beauty of adaptation (适应),” an expert says. “What are the long-term results of these adaptations? We don’t know.” 31．What do hermit crabs usually wear to protect themselves? A．Plastic. B．Glass. C．Metal. D．Seashells. 32．How does the writer explain the study according to Paragraph 3? A．By asking a question. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving an example. D．By telling a story. 33．Which could be one of the reasons why hermit crabs wear rubbish? A．The rubbish is colorful. B．The rubbish is heavy for protection. C．The rubbish is easy to find. D．The seashells are enough for hermit crabs. 34．What can we know about hermit crabs? A．They have their own shells. B．They like wearing glass more than plastic. C．They are in great danger because of plastic pollution. D．They are very smart to adapt to the environmental changes. 35．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Protecting Hermit Crabs B．Hermit Crabs and Sea Snails C．Plastic Pollution D．Hermit Crabs in Danger 【答案】31．D 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍塑料污染遍布各处，不少寄居蟹不再使用海螺壳，转而利用塑料、玻璃等垃圾充当外壳，科学家探讨了产生该现象的几种原因，并指出寄居蟹适应环境变化带来的长期影响尚不明确。 【详解】31．原文第二段“To protect themselves, they usually wear seashells.”，说明寄居蟹通常依靠贝壳保护自身，对应D选项。 32．第三段出现386、16、10、9 out of 10等一系列数字，作者通过列举数据来介绍这项研究，对应B选项。 33．原文第四段“Or they just like the bright colors.”，表明寄居蟹选择垃圾的原因之一是垃圾色彩鲜艳，A选项符合原文；B、D与原文意思相反，C文中没有提及。 34．文章末尾专家提到寄居蟹的行为是适应环境变化的典型例子，说明寄居蟹十分聪慧，能够适应环境改变；A寄居蟹自身没有硬壳，B文中没有体现更喜欢玻璃，C原文尚不明确寄居蟹面临危险。 35．全文以寄居蟹使用塑料垃圾代替贝壳的事例，引出塑料污染对野生动物产生影响这一核心话题，文章围绕塑料污染展开叙述，C选项“Plastic Pollution”可以概括文章主题。 五、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 they  harm  although  rubbish  offer  into  show  have  wonder  way Schoolbags have become common and popular among students in the past 30 years. How many schoolbags have you 36 since you went to school? If your schoolbags become old, will you just treat them as 37 and throw them away? Five years ago, a research 38 that 85% of the old schoolbags ended up in dustbins. But as we know, most schoolbags are produced from different materials. If we throw them away, they will be 39 to our environment. 40 some of the old schoolbags are not what they used to be, there are still many things you can do with them. Here are some useful 41 for you. For example, it is a 42 idea that you can put your old schoolbags online for sale. Also, 43 your schoolbags to other poor kids is another good choice, as those old schoolbags may make 44 life more convenient than before. In a word, old schoolbags are still of great value if we make good use of them. Remember: rubbish can be changed 45 treasures (宝物)! 【答案】 36． had 37． rubbish 38． showed 39． harmful 40． Although 41． ways 42． wonderful 43． offering 44． their 45．into 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讨论了旧书包的处理方式及其对环境的影响，并提出了将旧书包变废为宝的建议。   【详解】36．句意：自从你上学以来，你已经拥有过多少个书包了？此处应为一个动词，与have构成现在完成时的谓语部分。上文提到书包在学生中很普遍，下文询问数量，结合“since you went to school”这一时间状语，用现在完成时have had，方框中have符合，需变为过去分词had。 37．句意：如果你的书包变旧了，你会只是把它们当作垃圾扔掉吗？此处应为一个名词，作介词as的宾语。上文提到书包变旧，下文提到扔掉，结合“throw them away”这一语境，方框中rubbish符合。 38．句意：五年前，一项研究显示，85%的旧书包最终进了垃圾箱。此处应为一个动词，在句中作谓语，描述研究显示的内容。上文提到旧书包的处理方式，下文给出具体数据，结合“Five years ago”这一过去时间状语，用一般过去时，方框中show符合，需变为过去式showed。 39．句意：如果我们扔掉它们，它们会对环境有害。此处应为一个形容词，作表语，描述对环境的影响。上文提到书包由不同材料制成，扔掉会造成影响，结合“be harmful to”这一固定搭配，方框中harm符合，需变为形容词harmful。 40．句意：虽然一些旧书包已经不再是原来的样子，但你仍然可以用它们做很多事情。此处应为一个连词，引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。上文提到旧书包对环境有害，下文提到仍然有用处，结合前后转折关系，方框中although符合，句首首字母需大写，故填Although。 41．句意：这里有一些对你有用的方法。此处应为一个名词，作主语，表示“方法”。上文提到仍然可以用旧书包做很多事情，下文举例说明，结合“some useful”修饰可数名词复数，方框中way符合，需变为复数ways。 42．句意：把旧书包放在网上出售是个好主意。此处应为一个形容词，修饰名词idea，表示“极好的”。上文提到在网上出售旧书包，结合“a...idea”这一结构，方框中wonder符合，需变为形容词wonderful。 43．句意：此外，把书包提供给其他贫困孩子是另一个好选择。此处应为一个动名词，在句中作主语，表示“提供”。上文提到出售旧书包，下文提到送给贫困孩子，结合“offering...to...”这一结构，方框中offer符合，需变为动名词offering。 44．句意：那些旧书包可能会使他们的生活比以前更方便。此处应为一个形容词性物主代词，修饰名词life，表示“他们的”。上文提到把书包给其他贫困孩子，结合“make...life”这一结构，方框中they符合，需变为形容词性物主代词their。 45． 句意：记住：垃圾可以变成宝物。此处应为一个介词，与changed构成固定搭配change into，表示“变成”。上文提到旧书包仍有价值，结合“be changed...treasures”这一语境，方框中into符合。 六、短文填空 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Have you ever been to the Yellow River? If you visit there, you’ll find everything has changed. In many old people’s childhood, all about this river is the color yellow. When it rained, 46 water poured out of the river and the paths were covered 47 earth. It would make them impossible to travel and farm. Because of the bad weather 48 the poor land, they couldn’t even have enough food. But things have changed 49 a green program began in the late 1990s. The program asked to return the farmland to forests. At first, lots of people couldn’t understand it. Thanks 50 the local government’s efforts, the people agreed to plant trees. Today, the area around the mountains is full of trees. 【答案】46．the 47．with 48．and 49．since 50．to 【导语】本文主要介绍了黄河沿岸地区过去因水土流失和环境恶劣导致生活困难，后来通过退耕还林等绿色项目，环境得到显著改善的情况。 【详解】46．句意：下雨时，河水倾泻而出，小路都被泥土覆盖住了。此处指黄河水，因此填写定冠词the表特指。 47．句意：下雨时，河水倾泻而出，小路都被泥土覆盖住了。be covered with“被……覆盖”，固定搭配。 48．句意：由于恶劣的天气加上贫瘠的土地，他们甚至没有足够的粮食。空处连接“bad weather”和“poor land”两个并列的不利条件，因此填写连词and。 49．句意：但是自从上世纪 90 年代末一项绿色工程启动之后，一切都变了。本句主句为现在完成时，从句为一般过去时，空处填写since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从”，符合句意。 50．句意：多亏了当地政府的努力，人们才同意种树。thanks to“多亏；由于”，固定搭配，侧重表达原因，引出带来好的结果。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $