Unit 1 The Changing World（复习讲义）英语新教材仁爱科普版九年级上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义围绕“A Changing World”主题，通过表格对比、语法规则拆解图等工具系统构建知识体系，梳理城乡生活对比等三类话题内容，整合六大民生维度核心词汇、现在完成时等语法要点，清晰呈现重难点分布及内在逻辑。 讲义亮点在于“即时小练+综合实践”的分层设计，如通过单选题辨析现在完成时与一般过去时，制作“身边变化”海报整合语言技能，培养语言运用和思维品质。写作指导强调辩证对比与逻辑分层，助力不同学生提升，为教师精准教学和学生自主复习提供有力支持。

Unit 1 The Changing World（复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕A Changing World（社会与家乡变迁）主题，复习城乡生活、国家发展相关内容，掌握今昔生活对比、人口发展、社区公益三类话题的见闻、差异与个人观点表达。 2、重点掌握六大民生维度核心词汇短语：communication 通讯、living conditions 居住条件、transportation 交通、education 教育、medical treatment 医疗、leisure activities 休闲活动；配套发展、改善、人口、城乡对比类主题词组与 - ment 词形转换词汇。 3、能熟练运用现在完成时描述长期变化、过去动作对当下的影响；掌握 used to 描述过去生活；区分一般过去时与现在完成时；掌握名词后缀 - ment 构词规则；学会区分客观事实（Fact）与主观观点（Opinion）两种表达逻辑。 4、能围绕 “过去生活什么样、如今发生了哪些变化、变化带来的利弊、个人感悟” 开展双人对话、小组讨论；能完成 “家乡 / 生活变迁” 书面写作，学会用概括法梳理文本主旨，提升辩证看待社会发展的思维与家国文化意识。 5、掌握单元语音连读、语调规则；能完成制作 “身边变化” 海报的综合实践输出任务，整合词汇、语法、对比句型综合表达。 复习重难点 重点：现在完成时结构与标志词；-ment 词形转换；今昔对比、观点表达句型。 难点：短暂性动词变延续性动词；现在完成时与一般过去时辨析；写作辩证对比、逻辑分层。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：How do you understand changes?你是怎样理解变化的？ 一、understand v. 理解；明白；懂得；体谅 原形：understand 过去式 / 过去分词：understood 现在分词：understanding 1. 及物动词 + 名词 / 代词（明白某事、听懂语言） 结构：understand + n./pron. I don’t understand this word. 我不懂这个单词。 2. 及物动词 + that 宾语从句（明白、了解到） that 可省略 I understand (that) you are busy. 我知道你很忙。 We understood that he wouldn’t come. 我们清楚他不会来了。 3. 及物动词 + 疑问词从句（明白…… 怎么样 / 是什么） 疑问词：what/who/how/why/when I can’t understand why he left. 我无法理解他为什么离开。 4. 不及物动词，单独使用（我懂了、明白） A: It’s hard work. 这活儿很累。 B: I understand. 我明白。 高频搭配 1. understand each other 互相理解 2. fully understand 完全理解 3. easily understand 轻易弄懂 4. make oneself understood 把自己的意思表达清楚 5. understand one’s feelings 体谅某人的心情 易混辨析：understand /know understand 侧重听懂、理解深层含义 know 侧重知道、知晓客观事实 I know the story, but I don’t understand its meaning. 我知道这个故事，但不懂它的寓意。 固定形容词：understanding 善解人意的 an understanding teacher 一位通情达理的老师 二、change （动词 & 名词，双词性高频词） （1）change作动词，意为“改变”。change one’s life意为“改变某人的人生”，change one’s mind意为“改变某人的主意/想法”。 例如： That kind of work has changed his life. 那种工作改变了他的生活。 I don’t know why he changed his mind soon. 我不知道他为什么这么快改变了主意。 (2) change是行为动词，通常用副词修饰。例如： You have changed a lot since I saw you last year. 自从我去年见到你以来，你改变了许多。 Tom changed jobs many times. 汤姆换了很多工作。 （3）change作名词，意为“变化，改变”。例如： Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 They decided on a change in lifestyle. 他们决定改变生活方式。 （4）表示“零钱、找头”，是不可数名词。例如： When you go shopping, and don’t forget your change.你购物时，不要忘记找给你的钱。 I have no (small) change about me. 我身边没带零钱。 名词固定搭配 1. for a change 换换口味；换个方式 2. climate change 气候变化 3. social change 社会变革 【即时小练】 1．Friends should learn to ________ and forgive. A．understand B．understood C．understanding D．to understand 【答案】A 【详解】句意：朋友之间应当学会理解与包容。learn to do sth.意为“学会做某事”，to后接动词原形；and并列连接forgive（动词原形），前后形式保持一致，动词原形understand符合语境。 2．Amber can help us understand ________ life on earth has always changed. A．that B．whether C．where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：琥珀可以帮助我们理解地球上的生命一直都在变化。that引导宾语从句时无实际词义，不充当句子成分，仅用来陈述事实；whether是否，表不确定的语气；where哪里，在从句中作地点状语。从句“life on earth has always changed”结构完整，不缺主语或宾语，且陈述确定的内容，故用that引导此宾语从句。 3．This small village ________ greatly in the past fifteen years. A．changed B．has changed C．changes D．was changing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小村庄在过去十五年里发生了巨大的变化。根据时间标志短语“in the past fifteen years”可知，句子要使用现在完成时态，主语this small village是单数名词，助动词用has，结合change的过去分词changed，应填has changed。 4．My hometown ________ a lot in the last ten years. A．changed B．has changed C．changes D．was changing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的家乡在过去的十年里发生了很大的变化。根据时间状语“in the last ten years”可知，这是现在完成时的标志词，表示动作从过去持续到现在或对现在造成影响。主语“My hometown”为单数，助动词用has，应填has changed。 知识点2：Public transportation used to be slow and difficult, but now it's fast and easy.过去公共交通又慢又麻烦，但现在又快又方便。 【详解】used to 意为“过去常常”，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不再发生或不存在，侧重于过去与现在的对比。 【妙辨异同】used to do sth. /be used to (doing) sth. /be used to do sth. 辨析 意义及用法 used to do sth.  意为“过去经常做某事(现在不做了)”，to 为不定式符号，后接动词原形，只用于过去时态。 be used to (doing) sth.  意为“习惯于(做)某事”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 be used to do sth.  意为“被用来做某事”，是被动语态，不定式表示目的。 【即时小练】 1．We used ________ letters to communicate, but now we chat on WeChat. A．write B．to write C．writing D．to writing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们过去写信交流，但现在我们在微信上聊天。used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，此处表示过去的习惯，应填to write。 2．My grandfather ________ live in the countryside, but he has ________ the city life now. A．used to; got used to B．got used to; used to C．used to; used to D．got used to; got used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我爷爷过去常常住在乡下，但现在他已经习惯了城市生活。used to do sth.过去常常做某事；get used to sth.习惯于某事。第一空后接动词原形live，指过去的状态，用used to；第二空根据has可知为现在完成时，指现在已习惯，用got used to。故选A。 知识点3：In the past, few children had the chance to receive education, but now all children can go to school for free.过去，很少有孩子有机会接受教育，但现在所有孩子都可以免费上学。 【详解】 【妙辨异同】accept/receive 辨析 意义及用法 图解助记 accept 意为“接受”，指主观上愿意接受，如idea, praise等。 receive 意为“收到；接收”，指客观上收到，如gift, letter等，但主观上不一定接受。常与介词from连用。 【注意】 receive还可表示“接见；接待”。 I was warmly received at his home yesterday. 昨天我在他家受到了热情的接待。 【即时小练】 1．—It is enjoyable for you ________ so many invitations to parties. —Yes. But I ________ only one because I am busy these days. A．receive; accept B．receive; accepted C．to receive; accept D．to receive; accepted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——收到这么多聚会邀请对你来说是很愉快的。——是的。但我只接受了一个，因为这些天我很忙。考查非谓语动词和动词时态。根据“It is enjoyable for you...so many invitations to parties.”可知，第一空所在句型为“It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”，表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”，所以第一空应填动词不定式to receive；根据“But I...only one because I am busy these days.”可知，第二空所在句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以时态用一般过去时，此处应填动词的过去式accepted。故选D。 2．He ________ a letter from his pen pal yesterday, but he didn’t ________ it. A．received; accept B．accepted; receive C．received; receive D．accepted; accept 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他昨天收到了笔友的来信，但他没有接受它。考查动词辨析。received收到，表客观；accepted接受，表主观。根据句意，第一空表示“收到”信件，强调客观事实；第二空表示“接受”信件，强调主观意愿。故选A。 知识点4：Leisure activities in the past were simple and people had few choices, but now, the activities have become colorful.过去的休闲活动很简单，人们的选择也很少，但现在，这些活动变得丰富多彩了。 【精讲】choose* choose vt./vi.选择;挑选 过去式: chose 1.choose sth. 选择...(具体内容) choose from ... 从...中选择(有范围) choose to do sth. 选择去做某事 choose sb. as / to be 选择某人作为... 2.choice n.选择;选择权;被选中的东西 have no choice 没有选择的余地 make a choice 做出选择 *3.can't choose but do sth = have no choice but to do sth. = can do nothing but do sth.别无选择，只好... 【即时小练】 1．We can choose ________ something delicious. All the food here is on sale. A．eats B．eat C．to eat D．eating 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们可以选择吃一些美味的东西。这里所有的食物都在打折。eats吃（第三人称单数）；eat吃（动词原形）；to eat吃（动词不定式）；eating吃（动名词/现在分词）。固定搭配choose to do sth. 意为“选择做某事”，choose后接动词不定式作宾语。故填to eat。 2．It’s not easy ________ a good career. We need to think carefully. A．choose B．to choose C．choosing D．chose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：选择一份好的职业并不容易。我们需要仔细考虑。 It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”，后接不定式to choose；choose是原形，choosing是动名词/现在分词，chose是过去式，均不符合语法要求。 知识点5：What has changed about communication nowadays?如今通信方面发生了什么变化？→We can get in touch so easily through modern communication. It has become quick and easy通过现代通信，我们可以非常轻松地联系彼此。它已经变得快捷又方便。 【详解】get in touch 短语 含义 使用场景 get in touch with sb 主动去联络、建立联系 很久没见、有事找对方 stay in touch (with sb) 保持联系 日常持续往来 keep in touch (with sb) 保持联系（和 stay 通用） 写信、微信经常沟通 lose touch (with sb) 失去联系 断联，很久不往来 例句对比： 1. Please get in touch with me if you need help.需要帮忙就联系我。 2. We still stay in touch after graduation.毕业后我们依旧保持联系。 3. I lost touch with my primary classmates.我和小学同学失去联系了。 高频拓展搭配 1. be in touch (with sb)（状态）和某人有联系 例：We are in touch every week. 我们每周都联系。 2. put sb in touch with sb牵线，介绍两人认识联系 例：My teacher put me in touch with that writer.老师帮我联系上了那位作家 【即时小练】 1．Kangkang gets in touch ________ Craig ________ the Internet to get more information about him. A．for; in B．for; on C．with; on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：康康在互联网上与Craig取得联系，以获取有关他的更多信息。考查介词辨析。for为了；in在……里面；on在……上面；with和。get in touch with sb.“和某人取得联系”，on the Internet“在互联网上”，是固定搭配。故选C。 2．—Today many people like writing emails to ________ each other. —That’s because the emails can reach others _________ and we can get a reply in a short time. A．get close to; in the end B．remind of; on their own C．keep in touch with; in a second 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——如今，许多人喜欢写电子邮件来保持联系。——这是因为电子邮件可以立刻送达其他人，我们可以在短时间内得到回复。考查短语辨析。get close to靠近；remind of使想起；keep in touch with保持联系；in the end最后；on their own他们独自；in a second立刻。根据“writing emails to ... each other”可知，此处应是用写邮件的方式保持联系，故第一空是keep in touch with；根据“the emails can reach others ...”可知，此处应是电子邮件可以立刻送达他人，故第二空用in a second。故选C。 知识点6：How about going swimming together this weekend?这个周末一起去游泳怎么样？→Sounds great.听起来很棒。 【探究】在日常交际中，向别人提出建议的句型有以下几种： (1)“Let's＋动词原形．”意为 咱们……吧； (2)“Shall we＋动词原形？”意为“我们……好吗？” (3)“What/How about＋.­ing/名词/代词宾格？”意为“……怎么样？” ； (4)“Why don't we/you＋动词原形？”或“Why not＋动词原形？”意为“为什么不……呢？” (5)“Would you like (to do)…？”意为“你愿意/想要(做)……吗；？” (6)“Would/Will you please＋动词原形？”意为“请你……好吗？” 【即时小练】 1．— How about going for a picnic this Saturday? — ________ The weather report says it will be sunny. A．Good idea! B．Never mind. C．I don’t think so. D．It’s my pleasure. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个星期六去野餐怎么样？——好主意！天气预报说将是晴天。Good idea表示赞同建议；Never mind常用于回答道歉或安慰；I don’t think so表示不同意；It’s my pleasure用于回答感谢。根据答句“The weather report says it will be sunny.”可知，天气晴朗适合野餐，说话人赞同对方的建议。故填Good idea。 2．—Why don't we make a birthday cake for Mum by ourselves? —__________That will give her a big surprise. A．Sounds great! B．Never mind. C．It's a pity. D．You're welcome. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们何不自己给妈妈做个生日蛋糕呢？——听起来太好了！那会给她一个很大的惊喜。考查情景交际。Sounds great!听起来太好了！Never mind.别介意。It's a pity.真可惜。You're welcome.不客气。根据前句“Why don't we make a birthday cake for Mum by ourselves?”可知，此处是提问建议，后面的回答应该是对这个建议做出评价，A选项符合语境，故选A。 知识点7：Great changes have taken place in China.中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。 take place 为不及物动词短语，无被动语态。 The basketball game will take place on Sunday. 篮球比赛将在周日举行。 【妙辨异同】happen/take place 辨析 意义及用法 相同点 happen 意为“发生”，强调事情发生的偶然性。 无被动语态 take place 意为“发生”，常指预期/预定的事情发生。 【即时小练】 1．Great changes ________ in our village since 2020. A．take place B．took place C．have taken place D．will take place 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自2020年以来，我们村发生了巨大的变化。根据时间状语“since 2020”可知，句子应用现在完成时“have/has done”，空处应填have taken place。 2．—________ do the Olympic Games ________? —Every four years. A．How long; happen B．How often; happen C．How often; take place D．How long; happen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——奥林匹克运动会多久举行一次？——每四年一次。考查特殊疑问句及动词辨析。How long多久；How often多久一次；happen发生；take place举办，指有计划的事情发生。根据“Every four years.”可知是询问频率，用how often提问；第二空表示运动会进行，应用take place。故选C。 知识点8：China is playing a more and more important role in international events, such as keeping world peace, protecting the environment and fighting against natural disasters.中国在国际事务中正发挥着越来越重要的作用，例如维护世界和平、保护环境以及抗击自然灾害等。 ①play a more and more important role in (发挥着越来越重要的作用) 结构拆解： play a role in = 在...中扮演角色/起作用。 more and more = 越来越...（比较级+and+比较级，表示程度递增）。 注意语法陷阱：介词 in 后面必须接名词或动名词（doing）。 例句：Technology is playing an increasingly vital role in reshaping the global economic landscape.（科技在重塑全球经济格局中正发挥着日益重要的作用。） ② fight against (抗击、与...作斗争) ③natural disasters (自然灾害) 【即时小练】 1．Each of the students ________ a role in the play. A．play B．plays C．playing D．to play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每个学生都在剧中扮演一个角色。“each of+名词复数”表示“……中的每一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，应填plays。 2．Every one of us should play ________ active role in telling China’s stories well to make ________ voice of China heard. A．an; the B．an; a C．a; the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们每个人都应该发挥积极作用，讲好中国故事，让中国的声音被听到。考查冠词辨析。a一个，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的词之前；an一个，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的词之前；the表特指。play an active role in意为“在……中发挥积极的作用”，active是以元音音素开头的词，第一个空填冠词an；第二个空特指中国的声音，应该用定冠词the。故选A。 知识点9：People can chat with each other or enjoy themselves on their smartphones. 人们可以在智能手机上互相聊天或自娱自乐。 enjoy oneself “玩得高兴，过得愉快” enjoy oneself 相当于have a good time或have fun。 We enjoyed ourselves in the park last Sunday. 上周日我们在公园里玩得很开心。 【考向】【易错点】 enjoy后可接名词、代词和动名词。enjoy后接动词时，只能用动名词形式，不能跟不定式。 He enjoys reading foreign novels. 他喜欢读外国小说。 You will enjoy it. 你会喜欢它的。 【即时小练】 1．My brother enjoys ________ stand-up comedy every weekend. A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．watches 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我哥哥每个周末都喜欢看脱口秀喜剧。固定搭配enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，enjoy后需接动名词形式，watch的动名词形式为watching。 2．We all enjoyed ________ at the theme park last weekend. A．us B．our C．ourselves D．ours 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上周末我们都在主题公园玩得很开心。us我们（宾格）； our我们的（形容词性物主代词）； ourselves我们自己（反身代词）；ours 我们的（名词性物主代词）。固定搭配enjoy oneself 意为“玩得开心”，主语是We，对应的反身代词是ourselves。故选C。 知识点10：By the way,have you seen Xiao Ya recently?顺便问一下，你最近见过小雅吗？ →No, she has gone to Guangzhou with her parents.没有，她和她的父母一起去广州了。 【妙辨异同】have been to/have gone to/have been in 辨析 意义及用法 have been to 意为“去过某地”，强调去过但已回来，常与频度副词或ever连用。 have gone to 意为“去了某地”，强调去了但还未回来。 have been in 意为“待在某地”，表示状态，常与一段时间连用。 【注意】 (1)与一段时间连用时，只能用have been in，不能用have been/gone to。 (2)当have been/gone to后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，介词to省略。 【即时小练】 1．—Where is Tom? I haven’t seen him all morning. —He ________ to the AI lab to try the new virtual sports machine. He ________ there for an hour. A．has gone; has been in B．has been; has gone C．has been; has gone to D．has gone; has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——汤姆在哪里？我整个上午都没见到他。——他去人工智能实验室试用新的虚拟运动机器了。他在那里已经一个小时了。根据“Where is Tom?可知汤姆不在现场，第一空表示“去了某地未回”，应用has gone；根据“for an hour”可知第二空需用延续性动词，has gone是瞬间动词，has been表示状态可延续，且there为副词，前面不加介词in。 2．—Where is the school’s innovation club leader? —He ________ the science museum to show his new robot. He will be back next Monday. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．went to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——学校的创新俱乐部负责人在哪里？——他去了科学博物馆展示他的新机器人。他下周一回来。has been to表示去过某地（已回）；has gone to表示去了某地（未回）；has been in表示待在某地；went to表示过去去了。根据“He will be back next Monday.”可知，他现在不在说话现场，还没回来，表示去了某地未回，应用has gone to。 知识点11：Most people considered such experiences unforgettable.大多数人认为这样的经历令人难以忘怀。 consider作动词，意为“仔细考虑；认为，觉得”。常见用法如下： 单词 词性 含义 可数性 例句 experience 名词 经验 不可数 U She has much experience. experience 名词 经历 可数 C，复数 experiences That’s a terrible experience. experience 动词 经历、体验 无单复数 We experienced difficulties. experienced 形容词 有经验的 修饰人 an experienced teacher 【即时小练】 1．—What do you ________ the new colour-themed study corners in our classroom? —I ________ them as a creative way to help students calm down before exams. A．think of; consider B．think; suppose C．consider; think D．look on; regard 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得我们教室里新的色彩主题学习角怎么样？——我把它们视为一种帮助学生在考前平静下来的创造性方法。think of认为、想起；consider考虑、认为；think认为、想；suppose假设、认为；look on看待；regard看待、认为。第一空：询问对某事物的看法，常用固定句型“What do you think of...?”，意为“你觉得……怎么样？”，B 项think缺少介词，C项consider语意不符，D项look on常与How连用或后接as，故排除B、C、D。第二空：表示“把……视为……”，consider可与as连用（consider...as...），符合语境。故选A。 2．—I can hardly see clearly these days. I’d like to have my eyes ________. —Maybe you should consider ________ the time on the computer. A．treated; to reduce B．to treat; reducing C．treated; reducing D．treating; to reduce 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我最近看东西不太清楚，想去诊治一下眼睛。 ——或许你应该考虑减少使用电脑的时间。第一空，have sth. done表示“请/让别人做某事”，eyes与treat是被动关系，用过去分词treated；第二空，consider doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“考虑做某事”，用动名词reducing。 3．He is a police officer with rich ________ and he has many strange ________. A．experience; experience B．experiences; experience C．experience; experiences D．experiences; experiences 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他是一名有着丰富经验的警察，并且他有许多奇怪的经历。experience作“经验”讲时，为不可数名词；作“经历”讲时，为可数名词。根据“rich”可知第一空表示“经验”，应用不可数名词experience；根据“many”可知第二空表示“许多经历”，应用可数名词复数experiences。 4．—Did you take part in the “Labor Practice Week” last month? —Yes. What ________ unusual experience! A．a B．an C．the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你上个月参加“劳动实践周”了吗？——是的。多么不寻常的一次经历啊！ a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前，表示泛指，不定冠词；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前，表泛指，不定冠词；the这/那，表特指，定冠词。此处是“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数!”感叹句结构，表示泛指；“unusual”发音以元音音素/ʌ/开头，应填an。 知识点12：Many people can afford to travel to many different places far away from their homes.许多人有能力去离家很远的不同地方旅行。 afford的用法： 【即时小练】 1.The charity has no choice but ________ free treatment for those who can’t ________ the cost. A．provide; afford B．to provide; afford C．providing; to afford D．to provide; to afford 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个慈善机构别无选择，只能为那些负担不起费用的人提供免费治疗。固定短语have no choice but to do sth. 意为“别无选择只能做某事”，故第一空填to provide；can’t是情态动词，后接动词原形，故第二空填afford。 知识点13：But no matter what language we speak,we care about each other just the same. 但无论我们说什么语言，我们彼此关心这一点是相同的。 care vi vt. &.关心，关注，在意 care的常用短语： 【拓展】care还可以作名词，意为“小心；照料”。其形容词形式为 careful(小心的；仔细的)和 careless(粗心的)；对应的副词形式为 carefully(小心地；仔细地)和 carelessly (粗心地)。 【即时小练】 1．After-school activities help students have more skills and learn to ________ others. A．care about B．take care C．talk about D．talk for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：课外活动帮助学生拥有更多的技能，并学会关心他人。care about关心；take care小心/保重（照顾需用 take care of）；talk about谈论；talk for为……辩护。根据“After-school activities help students have more skills and learn to…others.”可知，课外活动旨在培养学生的综合素质，学会关心他人符合逻辑，且care about后可直接接宾语others。take care后接宾语需加介词of。 知识点14：The high-speed railway shows how much china has developed since its opening-up.高铁展现了中国自改革开放以来取得了多大的发展。 since可作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如： I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。 I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。 【拓展】 since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如： She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。 She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。 【即时小练】 1．—________ nicknames (绰号) are seen as a form of showing no respect for others, next time you want to call someone by his/her nickname, weigh (权衡) it before you do. —No wonder Tom doesn’t talk with me, ________ he is always angry with me. I won’t call his nickname any more. A．Because of; for B．Because; since C．As; because of D．Since; for 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——由于绰号被视为不尊重他人的一种形式，下次你想用别人的绰号称呼他/她时，请先权衡利弊。——难怪汤姆不和我说话，因为他总是生我的气。我再也不叫他的绰号了。 because of因为，后常跟名词、代词或动名词；because、as、since引导原因状语从句，for是并列连词，引导并列分句表示原因。第一空后面是完整句子，排除A选项。第二空后面也是完整句子，排除C选项。第二空位于主句后面，且空前有逗号，用for补充原因，since表原因时通常放在句首。 单元语法：（一）后缀-ment 动词 + -ment → 名词 -ment 属于名词性后缀。它附着在动词词根后面，将动作转化为名词，通常表示以下三种含义： 动作本身或过程（如：development 发展这个过程） 动作产生的结果（如：achievement 取得的成果） 动作使用的工具或手段（如：equipment 使用的设备） 一、变化规则 规则 示例 大多数动词直接加 -ment develop → development, move → movement 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去 e 加 -ment argue → argument 以 y 结尾的动词，直接加 -ment enjoy → enjoyment 易错警示：argue → argument 常被误写成 arguement，务必注意去 e。 二、中考常考词汇汇总 动词 名词 词义 achieve achievement 成就 advertise advertisement 广告 agree agreement 同意/协议 amuse amusement 娱乐 argue argument 争论/论点 commit commitment 奉献/承诺 develop development 发展 disagree disagreement 不赞同/分歧 equip equipment 装备/器材 govern government 政府 improve improvement 改善/提高 manage management 管理/经营 move movement 运动/移动 punish punishment 惩罚 require requirement 要求/必要条件 treat treatment 治疗/对待 employ employment 雇用/工作 enjoy enjoyment 享受/乐趣 单元语法：（二）现在完成时（1） 常见考法： 对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查＂瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用＂这一知识点。 现在完成时的含义 1.过去对现在：表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态对现在仍有影响（动作发生在过去，结果影响到现在）。 2.过去到现在：从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在并有可能还会持续的动作或状态（一直延续到现在，for与since把时间带）。 现在完成时基本结构： 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 过去分词变化规则如下： 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　 live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。 study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。 stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit 现在完成时用法 1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 现在完成时连用的时间状语 现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。 1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如： We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。 从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。 2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如： I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。 3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如： How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？ The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。 （时间：30分钟） 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1．He ________ (complete) changed his ideas about modern entertainment. 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：他彻底改变了对现代娱乐的看法。空格位于动词changed之前，在句中作状语，用来修饰动词，需要使用副词。所给词complete是形容词或动词，变为副词需在词尾加-ly，即completely。 2．People in the ________ (neighbor) often share their leisure activities together. 【答案】neighborhood 【详解】句意：社区里的人们经常一起分享他们的休闲活动。定冠词the后接名词，neighbor的名词形式neighborhood表示“社区、街区”，in the neighborhood“在社区”。 3．It is ________ (probable) one of the greatest changes of this new era. 【答案】probably 【详解】句意：这或许是这个新时代最重大的变革之一。所给的词probable为形容词，意为“很可能的”。此处需要副词修饰动词is，probable对应的副词形式是probably，意为“或许，大概”。 4．We have different kinds of ________ (entertain) in the modern neighborhood. 【答案】entertainments 【详解】句意：现代化小区里有各式各样的娱乐活动。entertain为动词，表示“娱乐”；“different kinds of”后接名词复数，entertain应变为entertainments。 5．People’s life is much better ________ (nowaday). 【答案】nowadays 【详解】句意：如今人们的生活好多了。句中缺少时间状语，括号里的nowaday是形容词，需要转换为副词形式nowadays，表示“如今、现在”，用来修饰整个句子，说明时间背景。应填nowadays。 6．Can you tell me some ________ (recent) news about our city? 【答案】recent 【详解】句意：你能告诉我一些关于我们城市的最近的新闻吗？空格后是名词news，需要用形容词来修饰，recent本身就是形容词，意为“最近的”。 7．There are many kinds of ________ (leisure) activities in the park. 【答案】leisure 【详解】句意：公园里有各种各样的休闲活动。空格后面为名词activities，需要用定语对其进行修饰，leisure本身可作定语修饰名词，leisure activities意为“休闲活动”，直接填写原形即可。故填leisure。 8．We need better medical ________ (treat) in small villages. 【答案】treatment 【详解】句意：在小村庄里，我们需要更好的医疗。句中“medical”为形容词，后面需要接名词。treat的名词形式为treatment，意为“医疗、治疗”，为不可数名词，符合句意，故填treatment。 9．________ (nowaday), most people keep in touch by WeChat. 【答案】Nowadays 【详解】句意：如今，大多数人通过微信保持联系。nowaday表示“现在的”，此处应用其副词形式nowadays作时间状语，意为“如今”，句首首字母大写，因此此处应填Nowadays。 10．Finishing the project alone is a big ________ (achieve). 【答案】achievement 【详解】句意：独自完成这个项目是一项巨大的成就。空格前有不定冠词a和形容词big，二者需要修饰名词，所以要把动词achieve变为对应的名词形式achievement“成就”，故填achievement。 11．Soft music can give people ________ (comfort) when they feel tired. 【答案】comfort 【详解】句意：当人们感到疲惫时，轻柔的音乐能给予他们慰藉。give sb. sth.“给某人某物”，空处需要填名词作直接宾语。comfort“安慰，慰藉”，不可数名词，符合语法与句意，无需变形。 12．Some old customs still ________ (remain) in this modern era. 【答案】remain 【详解】句意：一些古老习俗在当今这个时代仍然留存。 主语customs是复数，一般现在时谓语动词用原形。故填remain。 13．The exciting news ________ (excite) all the students yesterday. 【答案】excited 【详解】句意：昨天这条令人振奋的消息让所有学生都很激动。句中时间标志词yesterday，表明句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词要使用过去式。excite为动词，过去式直接加-d变为excited，在句中作谓语，故填excited。 14．Everyone could hear loud ________ (laugh) from the next room. 【答案】laughter 【详解】句意：每个人都能听到隔壁房间传来响亮的笑声。根据“loud”及句意，需填不可数名词作宾语。laugh的名词形式是laughter“笑声”。 15．Her ________ (child) was spent in a quiet neighborhood far from the city. 【答案】childhood 【详解】句意：她的童年在一个远离城市的安静街区度过。child“孩子”，名词；根据“was spent in a quiet neighborhood”可知，她的“童年”在一个安静的街区度过，对应单词为childhood，不可数名词，作主语。 16．Factories are not allowed ________ (pollute) the river nearby. 【答案】to pollute 【详解】句意：工厂不被允许污染附近的河流。这里用到固定结构be allowed to do sth.，表示“被允许做某事”，动词allow后面要接动词不定式作补足语，括号内的动词pollute需要变为不定式形式to pollute。 17．Please ________ (shut) the window before you leave the room. 【答案】shut 【详解】句意：离开房间前请关上窗户。本句为祈使句的肯定形式，动词shut用原形。 18．Watching comedies brings us lots of ________ (amuse). 【答案】amusement 【详解】句意：看喜剧能给我们带来许多欢乐。amuse意为“逗笑、使开心”，是动词。 空格前“lots of（许多）”后需要接名词，因此变形为名词amusement。amusement表示抽象的 “快乐、趣味” 时是不可数名词，故填amusement。 19．We spent a ________ (please) afternoon enjoying entertainment shows. 【答案】pleasant 【详解】句意：我们看文艺节目，度过了一个惬意的下午。“please”是动词，意为“使高兴”。空格后是名词afternoon（下午），需要用形容词修饰名词，please的形容词形式是pleasant，意为“令人愉快的、惬意的”。 20．It’s my ________ (please) to share my childhood stories with you. 【答案】pleasure 【详解】句意：能和你分享我的童年往事是我的荣幸。括号内please为动词/感叹词，表示“请；使开心”，空格前my是形容词性物主代词，后面需要接名词。 please对应的名词形式是pleasure，意为“快乐、荣幸”。 二、单项选择 21．Nowadays many people take up different hobbies in their ________ time. A．leisure B．childhood C．conclusion D．comfort 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如今许多人在他们的空闲时间培养不同的爱好。leisure闲暇；childhood童年；conclusion结论；comfort舒适。根据“take up different hobbies”可知，人们通常是在空闲时间培养爱好，“leisure time”为固定搭配，意为“空闲时间”，符合语境。应选leisure。 22．Soft jazz can offer people ________ after busy work. A．leisure B．comfort C．amusement D．treatment 【答案】B 【详解】句意：柔和的爵士乐可以在繁忙的工作后给人们带来舒适。 leisure休闲；comfort舒适/安慰；amusement娱乐；treatment治疗。根据题干“after busy work”及“soft jazz”可知，轻爵士乐能带来“舒适”，应填comfort。 23．He has got some ________ news about recent international sports games. A．excite B．exciting C．excited D．excitement 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他得到了一些关于最近国际体育比赛的令人兴奋的消息。excite使兴奋；exciting令人兴奋的（描述事物的特点）；excited感到兴奋的（描述人的情绪感受；excitement兴奋。空格处修饰名词news，指物，表示事物本身具有“令人兴奋的”性质，应用exciting；故选B。 24．There are many ________ and new buildings in our school. A．dear B．modern C．full D．cute 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校里有许多现代化和新颖的建筑。 dear亲爱的；modern现代的、现代化的；full满的；cute可爱的。根据空后的并列连词“and”以及形容词“new”和复数名词“buildings”可知，空处需要填入一个可以与“new”并列的形容词来共同修饰建筑物。在四个选项中，形容词modern“现代化的”常与new并列，用来形容建筑物的整体风格或先进程度，符合语境要求，应填modern。 25．—Do you know that the sports meeting was canceled because of the bad weather? —Yes, I ________ the bad news. And I am really disappointed. A．heard B．have heard C．hear D．have been heard 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道运动会因为天气不好被取消了吗？——是的，我已经听说了这个坏消息了。我真的很失望。本句中，“听到消息”是过去发生的动作，而这个动作带来的现在结果是“我很失望”，故此处应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，可排除AC选项；此处主语是I，需用主动语态，可排除D选项。 26．So far, they ________ several meetings to discuss their plans for a field trip. A．have B．had C．are having D．have had 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到目前为止，他们已经召开了几次会议来讨论他们的实地考察计划。 根据时间状语“So far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词。主语“they”是复数，助动词用have；实义动词have的过去分词是had，因此填have had。 27．Many happy memories ________ from my childhood. A．remain B．pollute C．shut D．excite 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多快乐的回忆从我的童年留存了下来。remain仍然存在/留下；pollute污染；shut关闭；excite使兴奋。根据“Many happy memories”和“from my childhood”可知，许多快乐的回忆从童年“留下来”，应填“remain”。 28．You will ________ feel happier when you take part in outdoor activities. A．probably B．recently C．falsely D．narrowly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当你参加户外活动时，你可能会感到更快乐。 probably可能；recently最近；falsely错误地；narrowly狭窄地。根据“when you take part in outdoor activities”可知，参加户外活动通常有益身心，因此“你‘可能’会感到更快乐”。 29．The ________ of public transport brings great comfort to local people. A．treat B．improvement C．amusement D．laughter 【答案】B 【详解】句意：公共交通的改善给当地人民带来了极大的舒适。 treat款待；improvement改善；amusement娱乐；laughter笑声。根据“brings great comfort to local people”可知，公共交通的“改善”能给人们带来舒适，应填improvement。 30．We can draw a ________ that pollution influences people’s daily leisure life. A．treat B．conclusion C．improvement D．network 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们可以得出一个结论，污染影响人们的日常休闲生活。treat对待/款待；conclusion结论；improvement改善；network网络。根据“pollution influences people’s daily leisure life”可知，这是人们得出的结论，固定搭配draw a conclusion意为“得出结论”，应填conclusion。 31．Please shut ________ the machine before you talk about our entertainment plan. A．down B．off C．up D．out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请在讨论我们的娱乐计划之前关掉机器。 shut down关闭（系统/营业）；shut off关掉（机器/电源）；shut up闭嘴；shut out把……关在外面。根据“the machine”可知是要关掉机器，应用 shut off。 32．It is a great ________ to enjoy jazz with my friends after work. A．pleasure B．amusement C．laughter D．happiness 【答案】A 【详解】句意：下班后和朋友一起欣赏爵士乐是一大乐事。 pleasure愉快，乐事；amusement娱乐，消遣；laughter笑声；happiness幸福，快乐。此处使用句型It is a great pleasure to do sth.，意为“做某事是一大乐事”，符合语境。故填pleasure。 33．I am familiar ________ this neighborhood because I lived here before. A．to B．for C．with D．at 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我对这个社区很熟悉，因为我以前住在这里。 to到；for为了；with和；at在。根据“I am familiar...this neighborhood”可知，此处是指熟悉社区；be familiar with是固定搭配，意为“熟悉……”，主语通常是人；be familiar to 意为“为……所熟悉”，主语通常是物。根据主语“I”可知是人熟悉社区，应用介词with。 34．—Oh, this bridge is too ________ for two cars to pass at the same time. —Yeah. Let’s pass it separately. A．narrow B．huge C．sandy D．rough 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——哦，这座桥太窄了，两辆车不能同时通过。——是的。让我们分别通过吧。narrow窄的；huge巨大的；sandy多沙的；rough粗糙的。根据“ for two cars to pass at the same time”及答语“Let’s pass it separately.”可知，桥太窄了导致无法同时通行。 35．—Everyone is surprised at the great ________ of robots in China! —Yes, they show wonderful acts on the Spring Festival Gala (春晚). A．result B．trick C．progress D．goal 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——每个人都对中国机器人的巨大进步感到惊讶！——是的，它们在春晚上展示了精彩的表现。result结果；trick把戏；progress进步；goal目标。根据答句“they show wonderful acts on the Spring Festival Gala”可知，机器人表现出色，说明取得了“进步”，应填progress。 36．The subway in Beijing is always ________ during the rush hour, and it’s hard to find a place to stand. A．peaceful B．valuable C．crowded D．traditional 【答案】C 【详解】句意：北京地铁在高峰期总是很拥挤，很难找到一个站立的地方。 peaceful和平的；valuable有价值的；crowded拥挤的；traditional传统的。根据“it’s hard to find a place to stand”可知很难找到站立的地方，推测出地铁是拥挤的。应填crowded。 37．— Look at my new dress!    — How beautiful! ________, where did you buy it? A．On the way B．In the way C．By the way D．In this way 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——看我的新连衣裙！——真漂亮！顺便问一下，你在哪里买的？ On the way在路上；In the way挡道；By the way顺便问一下，用于转换话题；In this way用这种方法。本句是夸赞之后顺势转换话题询问购买地点，因此用By the way，符合语境。 38．—Good news! A team of scientists ________a new type of ocean creature in the deep sea. —Wow! It will help us learn more about the ocean. A．discover B．discovered C．have discovered D．will discover 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——好消息！一组科学家在深海发现了一种新型海洋生物。——哇！这将帮助我们更多地了解海洋。根据“Good news!”可知消息刚刚传来，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。应填have discovered。 39．—Great changes ________ in Fuzhou in the past few years. —Yes, everything has changed a lot. A．take place B．were taken place C．have taken place 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——在过去的几年里，福州发生了巨大的变化。——是的，一切都变了很多。 根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语Great changes是复数，助动词用have。此外，take place意为“发生”，是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，应填have taken place。 40．—Now it’s much faster to travel from Fuzhou city center to Changle Airport. —Exactly. Because the government ________ Fuzhou Metro Binhai Express. A．was building B．will build C．has built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——现在从福州市中心前往长乐机场出行快多了。 ——没错，因为政府已经建成了福州地铁滨海快线。was building过去正在建造（过去进行时）；will build将要建造（一般将来时）；has built已经建成（现在完成时）。前半句体现了当下出行变快的结果，即“地铁建造完成”这个动作对现在造成影响，要用现在完成时has built。 三、完成句子 41．他从未后悔搬到乡下过安静的生活。 He has never ______________ to the countryside for a quiet life. 【答案】regretted moving 【详解】原句中“后悔搬到”是关键词，固定搭配regret doing sth“后悔做某事”；本句为现在完成时，结构：have/has+动词过去分词，regret的过去分词是regretted，“搬到”对应动词move，其动名词形式是moving。 42．过去的生活是什么样的？ What ________ life ________ in the past? 【答案】 was like 【详解】原句中的“是什么样的”是关键词，固定句型为“What be + 主语 + like?”，句末的时间状语“in the past”提示句子应用一般过去时，主语为life，be动词用was。 43．这个周末和我们去划船怎么样? How about ________ ________ with us this weekend? 【答案】 going boating 【详解】原句关键词为“去划船”，用going boating表示；How about后接动名词（-ing形式）表建议。 44．她努力学习，跟上同学们的进度。 She studies hard to ________ ________ ________ her classmates. 【答案】 keep up with 【详解】原句中“跟上……的进度”是关键信息，对应的固定搭配是keep up with。句中的to是动词不定式表目的，其后需接动词原形。 45．这个村庄远离大城市。 The village is ________ ________ ________ the big city. 【答案】 far away from 【详解】原句中“远离”是关键信息，表达“远离……”的常用固定搭配是far away from。 46．近几年出现了很多新网店。 Many new online shops have appeared ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 in recent years 【详解】原句中“近几年”是关键词，表示“近几年”的介词短语是in recent years，该短语是现在完成时的标志性状语，匹配该句时态，recent为形容词，意为“近来的”，修饰可数名词复数years。故填in；recent；years。 47．学好一门新语言、取得进步需要时间。 It takes time to ________ ________ in learning a new language. 【答案】 make progress 【详解】原句中“取得进步”是关键信息，常用make progress。句型It takes time to do sth.意为“做某事需要时间”，不定式符号to后接动词原形。 48．我们的居住条件现在已经改善了很多。 Our _________ _________ have improved a lot now. 【答案】 living conditions 【详解】原句中“居住条件”是关键词，表示“居住条件”的词组是living conditions，后面助动词是have，说明主语必须是复数，故填living；conditions。 49．现在我们城市的孩子可以免费去图书馆看书。 Now children in our city can read in the library _________ _________. 【答案】 for free 【详解】原句中“免费”对应的英文固定短语是“for free”。该短语在句中作方式状语，通常置于句末，符合“现在我们城市的孩子可以免费去图书馆看书”的语义，且对应题目中的两个空格，故填for；free。 50．你可以通过手机和你的老师取得联系。 You can _________ _________ _________ _________ your teacher on the mobile phone. 【答案】 get in touch with 【详解】原句中“取得联系”是关键词，表示“取得联系”的短语是get in touch with。本句在情态动词can后作谓语，需接动词原形。 四、完形填空 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 People often talk about how life was better in the past, but how true is that? Let’s 51 my grandparents’ life with our life today. My grandparents’ life was 52 different from ours. Firstly, people probably had a 53 life. For example, in the past there were more trees, lakes, and fresh air, so the elder people always felt 54 and comfortable. Secondly, there was no problem of traffic (交通) because there weren’t so many 55 on the road. However, there were no modern appliances (现代电器) such as washing machines and vacuum cleaners (真空吸尘器) to make doing 56 easy, so they had to work hard to keep their house clean and prepare their food. They didn’t have the same chances that we have to enjoy themselves   57 . They couldn’t travel to all the interesting places for holidays and they usually 58 the holidays at the same local beach every year. Life was harder and 59 interesting. Now we have a huge change in our life. We 60 machines more than in the past. The machines help make our life 61 . The Internet brings people together and makes our work faster. In a short time, we can send and receive the messages or make calls to 62 with each other. Our kitchens are full of modern appliances (家用电器) to make our lives easier, from fridges to dishwashers, 63 we have more time to do the things we want. We now have the chance to travel the world easily and experience new cultures. As a result, people are living more interesting lives. What’s more, because of the new 64 , saving lives has now become very easy. I am not saying everything is perfect today, but for all the 65 above, I think I am very lucky to live in the present! 51．A．connect B．part C．compare D．create 52．A．certainly B．luckily C．hardly D．easily 53．A．noisy B．boring C．colorful D．peaceful 54．A．hard B．relaxed C．lonely D．nervous 55．A．people B．ships C．cars D．horses 56．A．housework B．homework C．business D．exercise 57．A．also B．again C．together D．either 58．A．took B．spent C．paid D．cost 59．A．least B．most C．less D．more 60．A．depend on B．take in C．look for D．give up 61．A．sadder B．slower C．worse D．easier 62．A．cheer B．communicate C．provide D．compete 63．A．because B．if C．so D．but 64．A．technology B．address C．expression D．challenge 65．A．messes B．relations C．reports D．reasons 【答案】 51．C 52．A 53．D 54．B 55．C 56．A 57．D 58．B 59．C 60．A 61．D 62．B 63．C 64．A 65．D 【导语】本文通过对比祖父母时代与现在的生活，论述了现代生活的便利与进步，并表达了对当下生活的珍惜。 【详解】51．句意：让我们把祖父母的生活与我们今天的生活进行对比。 前文提出疑问过去生活是否更好，后文将祖辈生活和如今生活对比，固定搭配“compare A with B”表示“把A和B进行对比”。connect“连接”、part“分开”、create“创造”均不能与“with”构成此搭配。 52．句意：我祖父母的生活与我们的确实有很大不同。 后文通过“Firstly...Secondly...”列举了多个不同之处，说明差异是“确实、肯定”存在的，用certainly加强语气。luckily“幸运地”、hardly“几乎不”、easily“容易地”均不符合。 53．句意：首先，老一辈人大概都过着宁静的生活。 后文举例“more trees, lakes, and fresh air”，这些自然环境让人感到“平静的、宁静的”，用peaceful。noisy“吵闹的”、boring“无聊的”、colorful“多彩的”均不符合。 54．句意：所以老人们总是感到放松和舒适。 前文提到有更多树木、湖泊和新鲜空气，这样的环境会让人感到“放松的”（relaxed）。hard“艰苦的”、lonely“孤独的”、nervous“紧张的”均与舒适的环境相悖。 55．句意：因为路上没有那么多车，所以没有交通问题。 造成交通问题的通常是“车辆”，且搭配“on the road”用cars。people“人们”、ships“船”、horses“马”均不符合。 56．句意：然而过去没有洗衣机、吸尘器这类现代电器来简化家务劳动。 前文提到“keep their house clean and prepare their food”，这些都是“家务活”。homework“家庭作业”、business“生意”、exercise“锻炼”均不符合。 57．句意：他们也没有我们如今拥有的同等娱乐机会。 前文说他们没有现代电器，后文说他们不能去旅游，这里表示“也”没有享受的机会，且用于否定句末，用either。also“也”（用于肯定句）、again“再次”、together“一起”均不符合。 58．句意：他们无法去往各地度假，每年通常都在本地同一片海滩度过假期。 表示“度过时间”用spent，搭配“spent the holidays at...”。took“花费”（主语为it）、paid“支付”、cost“花费”（主语为物）均不符合。 59．句意：生活更艰难，也更无趣。 前文提到生活更艰难（harder），此处并列表示“更不有趣”，用less修饰interesting。least“最少”（最高级）、most“最多”、more“更多”均不符合。 60．句意：我们现在比过去更依赖机器。 后文说“机器帮助让我们的生活更轻松”，说明我们更“依赖”机器。take in“吸收”、look for“寻找”、give up“放弃”均不符合。 61．句意：机器让我们的生活变得更加便捷。 前文提到现代电器让生活更轻松，此处用easier表示“更容易的”。sadder“更悲伤的”、slower“更慢的”、worse“更差的”均不符合。 62．句意：短时间内，我们就能收发消息、打电话来互相沟通。 发送消息和打电话都是“交流”（communicate）的方式。cheer“欢呼”、provide“提供”、compete“竞争”均不符合。 63．句意：所以我们有更多时间做我们想做的事。 前文说厨房充满现代电器（原因），后文说我们有更多时间（结果），前后是因果关系，用so引导结果状语从句。because“因为”（引导原因）逻辑颠倒，if“如果”和but“但是”均不表示因果。 64．句意：而且，因为新技术，挽救生命如今变得十分容易。 前文提到“saving lives”，与医疗“技术”（technology）相关。address“地址”、expression“表达”、challenge“挑战”均不符合。 65．句意：我不是说如今一切都完美，但综合以上全部理由，我认为能生活在当下十分幸运。 前文列举了现代生活的种种好处，这些都是“理由”。messes“混乱”、relations“关系”、reports“报告”均不符合。 五、阅读理解 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。 Traveling is fun, and more and more people enjoy it to relax. 66 “Every time we wanted to visit a big city like Lhasa, we had to sit in a car for 14 hours. That’s really tiring,” said Yangzom, a 30-year-old railway worker from a small town in Xizang. Things changed on July 1, 2006, when the Qinghai-Xizang Railway opened. It was the first railway in Xizang, 67 “Thanks to the trains, people in Xizang can now travel easily to see doctors, go to school and visit many places,” said Yangzom. Now, there are many other railway lines, like the Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-Speed Railway and the Lhasa-Linzhi Railway. Yangzom has worked for the railway since 2017. Lots of people including Yangzom get chances of going out to see the world. 68 Yangzom also sees many changes at work. Before, checking the railway tracks was very hard. Workers used simple tools to find problems on the tracks. 69 For example, the Lhasa-Linzhi Railway has ultrasonic detectors (超声波检测仪) and smart data systems. “These new technologies make our work easier and help keep the railways safer,” Yangzom said. Facing all these new technologies, Yangzom knows she must learn new things all the time. 70 A．Now, the railway in Xizang uses new technology. B．Traveling by plane is faster than by train. C．But for people in Xizang, traveling used to be really hard. D．And it made life much easier for Yangzom and other people in Xizang. E．Everyone must try hard to keep up with the fast development. F．Also, people from all over the world can visit Xizang and learn about its culture. 【答案】66．C 67．D 68．F 69．A 70．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了青藏铁路的开通给西藏人民的生活和工作带来的巨大变化，以及铁路技术的发展。 【详解】66．前文提到越来越多的人喜欢通过旅游来放松，后文引出西藏铁路工人央宗的描述，说明过去去拉萨要坐14个小时车非常累；C选项“But for people in Xizang, traveling used to be really hard.”表示转折，指出对西藏人来说过去出行很困难，自然引出后文的具体描述，逻辑匹配上下文。 67．前文介绍2006年青藏铁路通车，这是西藏的第一条铁路，后文央宗提到多亏了火车，西藏人现在可以轻松就医、上学和出行；D选项“And it made life much easier for Yangzom and other people in Xizang.”顺承前文，总结说明铁路的开通极大地方便了央宗和其他西藏人的生活，衔接自然通顺。 68．前文提到许多包括央宗在内的当地人有了走出去看世界的机会；F选项“Also, people from all over the world can visit Xizang and learn about its culture.”通过“Also（也）”补充说明，不仅当地人可以出去，世界各地的人也可以来西藏旅游并了解其文化，逻辑递进，符合语境。 69．前文指出以前检查铁轨很困难，工人们只能使用简单的工具，后文举例说明现在的铁路拥有超声波检测仪和智能数据系统；A选项“Now, the railway in Xizang uses new technology.”概括指出现在的西藏铁路使用了新技术，在过去简单的工具与现在的高科技设备之间起到了完美的承上启下作用。 70．前文提到面对这些新技术，央宗知道她必须不断学习新事物；E选项“Everyone must try hard to keep up with the fast development.”总结全文，指出每个人都必须努力跟上快速发展的步伐，将个人的不断学习升华到顺应时代发展的普遍观点，顺承自然收尾。 六、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成短文。 when, good, begin, hundred, lot, look, see, train, difficult, grow I was born in Heze, a city with a long history in Shandong. Today, I’m just 14 years old. However, I have 71 great changes in Heze. 72 I was young, my grandmother liked to take me out and go around the city. Though I couldn’t speak 73 , I knew it wasn’t a busy city. There were many small buildings, not tall buildings. At about four, I 74 to learn things by watching TV and reading books or magazines. One day, I saw a long and big car called “ 75 ” from TV. So I said to my grandma, “Grandma, this thing 76 so strange and it’s called ‘train’. Why haven’t I seen it here? You must be too careless to take me to see it, right?” “Oh, no! My child,” said my grandma, “that’s not my fault. In fact, there aren’t any trains here. Our city doesn’t have good transportation.” Ten years later, I’m not 4 years old any more. I have 77 into a teenager. Now, the city has really changed a 78 . And she is still growing up quickly. 79 of tall buildings stand up on the ground. The whole city is covered with green plants. The railway station makes the city smaller, and the trains are running so fast. I don’t believe it is 80 for her to become better and better in the future. 【答案】 71．seen 72．When 73．well 74．began 75．train 76．looks 77．grown 78．lot 79．Hundreds 80．difficult 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者生长在山东菏泽，见证了这座城市的巨大变化，表达了作者对家乡发展的感慨与对家乡未来的美好期许。 【详解】71．句意：然而，我见证了菏泽的巨大变化。根据“great changes in Heze”及所给单词，see“看见、见证”符合语境；结合have可知本句是现在完成时，需用see的过去分词形式seen。 72．句意：当我小的时候，我的奶奶喜欢带我出去逛这座城市。根据“I was young”及后文的动作描述，结合所给单词，此处需填连词表“当……时候”，when符合语境，句首单词的首字母要大写。 73．句意：虽然我说话还说不好，但是我知道这不是一座繁华的城市。根据“couldn’t speak”及所给单词，good的副词形式well修饰动词speak，表“说得好”，符合语境。 74．句意：大约四岁时，我开始通过看电视、看书或杂志来学习东西。叙述四岁时的事情，应用过去式。根据“to learn things by watching TV”及所给词可知，此处填begin的过去式began，意为“开始”。 75．句意：有一天，我从电视上看到一辆又长又大的叫“火车”的车。根据后文的“it’s called ‘train’”及所给单词，此处train“火车”符合语境。 76．句意：所以我对奶奶说：“奶奶，这个东西看起来很奇怪，它叫‘火车’”。根据“so strange”及所给单词，look“看起来”符合语境；这里是直接引语，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，句子主语this thing是第三人称单数，动词用第三人称单数形式looks。 77．句意：我已经长成了一个青少年。根据“into a teenager”及所给单词，grow“成长”符合语境，grow into意为“长成”；结合have可知本句是现在完成时，需用grow的过去分词形式grown。 78．句意：现在，这座城市真的发生了很大的变化。根据所给单词及固定搭配，a lot意为“非常、很多”，修饰动词changed，符合语境。 79．句意：成百上千的高楼拔地而起。根据“of tall buildings”及所给单词，此处考查短语hundreds of，意为“成百上千的”，句首单词的首字母大写。 80．句意：我相信对她来说，未来会变得越来越好并不困难。固定句型It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，此处指“家乡变得越来越好并非难事”，difficult“困难的”符合语境。 七、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个恰当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 Tom: Hi, Lucy! Your neighborhood looks totally different! 81 ? Lucy: Yes, I have lived here for a couple of months. Tom: 82 in your neighborhood now? Lucy: They built a new entertainment center and a railway station nearby. Tom: Sounds wonderful! 83 your free time here? Lucy: I listen to jazz music or meet friends online on the social network. Tom: What about people’s activities long ago? Lucy: In the past, people had few entertainment choices. 84 ? Tom: My neighborhood hasn’t changed much. I hope we can have more fun places soon. Lucy: 85 . I believe your dream will come true one day. 【答案】 81.Have you moved to this neighborhood recently 82.What big changes can you find 83.What entertainment activities do you usually take part in 84.What about your neighborhood 85.I hope so 【导语】本文是Tom与Lucy围绕社区变化展开的对话，两人交流了社区新变化、日常休闲活动、过去的娱乐方式以及对社区未来的期待。 【详解】81．下文Lucy回答“Yes, I have lived here for a couple of months.”，提示此处询问对方是否近期搬到这个社区，填写“Have you moved to this neighborhood recently?”，符合语境和语法要求。 82．后文Lucy介绍社区新建了娱乐中心和火车站，提示此处询问对方能发现社区有哪些大变化，填写“What big changes can you find”，符合语境和语法要求。 83．下文Lucy讲述空闲时听爵士乐、线上交友，提示此处询问对方空闲时会参加什么娱乐活动，填写“What entertainment activities do you usually take part in”，符合语境和语法要求。 84．上文Lucy说完过去人们娱乐选择很少，下文Tom介绍自己的社区变化不大，提示此处询问Tom所在社区的情况，填写“What about your neighborhood”，符合语境和语法要求。 85．上文Tom希望社区以后能有更多好玩的地方，后文Lucy相信他的愿望会实现，提示此处用来赞同，填写“I hope so”，符合语境和语法要求。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 The Changing World（复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕A Changing World（社会与家乡变迁）主题，复习城乡生活、国家发展相关内容，掌握今昔生活对比、人口发展、社区公益三类话题的见闻、差异与个人观点表达。 2、重点掌握六大民生维度核心词汇短语：communication 通讯、living conditions 居住条件、transportation 交通、education 教育、medical treatment 医疗、leisure activities 休闲活动；配套发展、改善、人口、城乡对比类主题词组与 - ment 词形转换词汇。 3、能熟练运用现在完成时描述长期变化、过去动作对当下的影响；掌握 used to 描述过去生活；区分一般过去时与现在完成时；掌握名词后缀 - ment 构词规则；学会区分客观事实（Fact）与主观观点（Opinion）两种表达逻辑。 4、能围绕 “过去生活什么样、如今发生了哪些变化、变化带来的利弊、个人感悟” 开展双人对话、小组讨论；能完成 “家乡 / 生活变迁” 书面写作，学会用概括法梳理文本主旨，提升辩证看待社会发展的思维与家国文化意识。 5、掌握单元语音连读、语调规则；能完成制作 “身边变化” 海报的综合实践输出任务，整合词汇、语法、对比句型综合表达。 复习重难点 重点：现在完成时结构与标志词；-ment 词形转换；今昔对比、观点表达句型。 难点：短暂性动词变延续性动词；现在完成时与一般过去时辨析；写作辩证对比、逻辑分层。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：How do you understand changes?你是怎样理解变化的？ 一、understand v. 理解；明白；懂得；体谅 原形：understand 过去式 / 过去分词：_____________ 现在分词：_____________ 1. 及物动词 + 名词 / 代词（明白某事、听懂语言） 结构：understand + n./pron. I don’t understand this word. 我不懂这个单词。 2. 及物动词 + that 宾语从句（明白、了解到） that 可省略 I understand (that) you are busy. 我知道你很忙。 We understood that he wouldn’t come. 我们清楚他不会来了。 3. 及物动词 + 疑问词从句（明白…… 怎么样 / 是什么） 疑问词：what/who/how/why/when I can’t understand why he left. 我无法理解他为什么离开。 4. 不及物动词，单独使用（我懂了、明白） A: It’s hard work. 这活儿很累。 B: I understand. 我明白。 高频搭配 1. ______________________ 互相理解 2. ______________________ 完全理解 3.______________________ 轻易弄懂 4. ______________________ 把自己的意思表达清楚 5. _____________________体谅某人的心情 易混辨析：understand /know understand 侧重听懂、理解深层含义 know 侧重知道、知晓客观事实 I know the story, but I don’t understand its meaning. 我知道这个故事，但不懂它的寓意。 固定形容词：understanding 善解人意的 an understanding teacher 一位通情达理的老师 二、change （动词 & 名词，双词性高频词） （1）change作动词，意为“改变”。_____________________意为“改变某人的人生”，_____________________意为“改变某人的主意/想法”。 例如： That kind of work has changed his life. 那种工作改变了他的生活。 I don’t know why he changed his mind soon. 我不知道他为什么这么快改变了主意。 (2) change是行为动词，通常用副词修饰。例如： You have changed a lot since I saw you last year. 自从我去年见到你以来，你改变了许多。 Tom changed jobs many times. 汤姆换了很多工作。 （3）change作名词，意为“变化，改变”。例如： Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 They decided on a change in lifestyle. 他们决定改变生活方式。 （4）表示“零钱、找头”，是不可数名词。例如： When you go shopping, and don’t forget your change.你购物时，不要忘记找给你的钱。 I have no (small) change about me. 我身边没带零钱。 名词固定搭配 1. for a change 换换口味；换个方式 2. climate change 气候变化 3. social change 社会变革 【即时小练】 1．Friends should learn to ________ and forgive. A．understand B．understood C．understanding D．to understand 2．Amber can help us understand ________ life on earth has always changed. A．that B．whether C．where 3．This small village ________ greatly in the past fifteen years. A．changed B．has changed C．changes D．was changing 4．My hometown ________ a lot in the last ten years. A．changed B．has changed C．changes D．was changing 知识点2：Public transportation used to be slow and difficult, but now it's fast and easy.过去公共交通又慢又麻烦，但现在又快又方便。 【详解】used to 意为“过去常常”，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不再发生或不存在，侧重于过去与现在的对比。 【妙辨异同】used to do sth. /be used to (doing) sth. /be used to do sth. 辨析 意义及用法 used to do sth.  意为“过去经常做某事(现在不做了)”，to 为不定式符号，后接动词原形，只用于过去时态。 be used to (doing) sth.  意为“习惯于(做)某事”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 be used to do sth.  意为“被用来做某事”，是被动语态，不定式表示目的。 【即时小练】 1．We used ________ letters to communicate, but now we chat on WeChat. A．write B．to write C．writing D．to writing 2．My grandfather ________ live in the countryside, but he has ________ the city life now. A．used to; got used to B．got used to; used to C．used to; used to D．got used to; got used to 知识点3：In the past, few children had the chance to receive education, but now all children can go to school for free.过去，很少有孩子有机会接受教育，但现在所有孩子都可以免费上学。 【详解】 【妙辨异同】accept/receive 辨析 意义及用法 图解助记 accept 意为“接受”，指主观上愿意接受，如idea, praise等。 receive 意为“收到；接收”，指客观上收到，如gift, letter等，但主观上不一定接受。常与介词from连用。 【注意】 receive还可表示“接见；接待”。 I was warmly received at his home yesterday. 昨天我在他家受到了热情的接待。 【即时小练】 1．—It is enjoyable for you ________ so many invitations to parties. —Yes. But I ________ only one because I am busy these days. A．receive; accept B．receive; accepted C．to receive; accept D．to receive; accepted 2．He ________ a letter from his pen pal yesterday, but he didn’t ________ it. A．received; accept B．accepted; receive C．received; receive D．accepted; accept 知识点4：Leisure activities in the past were simple and people had few choices, but now, the activities have become colorful.过去的休闲活动很简单，人们的选择也很少，但现在，这些活动变得丰富多彩了。 【精讲】choose* choose vt./vi.选择;挑选 过去式: ____________________ 1.choose sth. 选择...(具体内容) ____________________从...中选择(有范围) _____________________选择去做某事 choose sb. as / to be 选择某人作为... 2.choice n.选择;选择权;被选中的东西 have no choice 没有选择的余地 make a choice 做出选择 *3.can't choose but do sth = have no choice but to do sth. = can do nothing but do sth.别无选择，只好... 【即时小练】 1．We can choose ________ something delicious. All the food here is on sale. A．eats B．eat C．to eat D．eating 2．It’s not easy ________ a good career. We need to think carefully. A．choose B．to choose C．choosing D．chose 知识点5：What has changed about communication nowadays?如今通信方面发生了什么变化？→We can get in touch so easily through modern communication. It has become quick and easy通过现代通信，我们可以非常轻松地联系彼此。它已经变得快捷又方便。 【详解】get in touch 短语 含义 使用场景 get in touch with sb 主动去联络、建立联系 很久没见、有事找对方 stay in touch (with sb) 保持联系 日常持续往来 keep in touch (with sb) 保持联系（和 stay 通用） 写信、微信经常沟通 lose touch (with sb) 失去联系 断联，很久不往来 例句对比： 1. Please get in touch with me if you need help.需要帮忙就联系我。 2. We still stay in touch after graduation.毕业后我们依旧保持联系。 3. I lost touch with my primary classmates.我和小学同学失去联系了。 高频拓展搭配 1. be in touch (with sb)（状态）和某人有联系 例：We are in touch every week. 我们每周都联系。 2. put sb in touch with sb牵线，介绍两人认识联系 例：My teacher put me in touch with that writer.老师帮我联系上了那位作家 【即时小练】 1．Kangkang gets in touch ________ Craig ________ the Internet to get more information about him. A．for; in B．for; on C．with; on 2．—Today many people like writing emails to ________ each other. —That’s because the emails can reach others _________ and we can get a reply in a short time. A．get close to; in the end B．remind of; on their own C．keep in touch with; in a second 知识点6：How about going swimming together this weekend?这个周末一起去游泳怎么样？→Sounds great.听起来很棒。 【探究】在日常交际中，向别人提出建议的句型有以下几种： (1)“Let's＋动词原形．”意为 咱们……吧； (2)“Shall we＋动词原形？”意为“我们……好吗？” (3)“What/How about＋.­ing/名词/代词宾格？”意为“……怎么样？” ； (4)“Why don't we/you＋动词原形？”或“Why not＋动词原形？”意为“为什么不……呢？” (5)“Would you like (to do)…？”意为“你愿意/想要(做)……吗；？” (6)“Would/Will you please＋动词原形？”意为“请你……好吗？” 【即时小练】 1．— How about going for a picnic this Saturday? — ________ The weather report says it will be sunny. A．Good idea! B．Never mind. C．I don’t think so. D．It’s my pleasure. 2．—Why don't we make a birthday cake for Mum by ourselves? —__________That will give her a big surprise. A．Sounds great! B．Never mind. C．It's a pity. D．You're welcome. 知识点7：Great changes have taken place in China.中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。 take place 为不及物动词短语，无被动语态。 The basketball game will take place on Sunday. 篮球比赛将在周日举行。 【妙辨异同】happen/take place 辨析 意义及用法 相同点 happen 意为“发生”，强调事情发生的偶然性。 无被动语态 take place 意为“发生”，常指预期/预定的事情发生。 【即时小练】 1．Great changes ________ in our village since 2020. A．take place B．took place C．have taken place D．will take place 2．—________ do the Olympic Games ________? —Every four years. A．How long; happen B．How often; happen C．How often; take place D．How long; happen 知识点8：China is playing a more and more important role in international events, such as keeping world peace, protecting the environment and fighting against natural disasters.中国在国际事务中正发挥着越来越重要的作用，例如维护世界和平、保护环境以及抗击自然灾害等。 ①play a more and more important role in (发挥着越来越重要的作用) 结构拆解： play a role in = 在...中扮演角色/起作用。 more and more = 越来越...（比较级+and+比较级，表示程度递增）。 注意语法陷阱：介词 in 后面必须接名词或动名词（doing）。 例句：Technology is playing an increasingly vital role in reshaping the global economic landscape.（科技在重塑全球经济格局中正发挥着日益重要的作用。） ② fight against (抗击、与...作斗争) ③natural disasters (自然灾害) 【即时小练】 1．Each of the students ________ a role in the play. A．play B．plays C．playing D．to play 2．Every one of us should play ________ active role in telling China’s stories well to make ________ voice of China heard. A．an; the B．an; a C．a; the 知识点9：People can chat with each other or enjoy themselves on their smartphones. 人们可以在智能手机上互相聊天或自娱自乐。 enjoy oneself “玩得高兴，过得愉快” enjoy oneself 相当于have a good time或have fun。 We enjoyed ourselves in the park last Sunday. 上周日我们在公园里玩得很开心。 【考向】【易错点】 enjoy后可接名词、代词和动名词。enjoy后接动词时，只能用动名词形式，不能跟不定式。 He enjoys reading foreign novels. 他喜欢读外国小说。 You will enjoy it. 你会喜欢它的。 【即时小练】 1．My brother enjoys ________ stand-up comedy every weekend. A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．watches 2．We all enjoyed ________ at the theme park last weekend. A．us B．our C．ourselves D．ours 知识点10：By the way,have you seen Xiao Ya recently?顺便问一下，你最近见过小雅吗？ →No, she has gone to Guangzhou with her parents.没有，她和她的父母一起去广州了。 【妙辨异同】have been to/have gone to/have been in 辨析 意义及用法 have been to 意为“去过某地”，强调去过但已回来，常与频度副词或ever连用。 have gone to 意为“去了某地”，强调去了但还未回来。 have been in 意为“待在某地”，表示状态，常与一段时间连用。 【注意】 (1)与一段时间连用时，只能用have been in，不能用have been/gone to。 (2)当have been/gone to后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，介词to省略。 【即时小练】 1．—Where is Tom? I haven’t seen him all morning. —He ________ to the AI lab to try the new virtual sports machine. He ________ there for an hour. A．has gone; has been in B．has been; has gone C．has been; has gone to D．has gone; has been 2．—Where is the school’s innovation club leader? —He ________ the science museum to show his new robot. He will be back next Monday. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．went to 知识点11：Most people considered such experiences unforgettable.大多数人认为这样的经历令人难以忘怀。 consider作动词，意为“仔细考虑；认为，觉得”。常见用法如下： 单词 词性 含义 可数性 例句 experience 名词 经验 不可数 U She has much experience. experience 名词 经历 可数 C，复数 experiences That’s a terrible experience. experience 动词 经历、体验 无单复数 We experienced difficulties. experienced 形容词 有经验的 修饰人 an experienced teacher 【即时小练】 1．—What do you ________ the new colour-themed study corners in our classroom? —I ________ them as a creative way to help students calm down before exams. A．think of; consider B．think; suppose C．consider; think D．look on; regard 2．—I can hardly see clearly these days. I’d like to have my eyes ________. —Maybe you should consider ________ the time on the computer. A．treated; to reduce B．to treat; reducing C．treated; reducing D．treating; to reduce 3．He is a police officer with rich ________ and he has many strange ________. A．experience; experience B．experiences; experience C．experience; experiences D．experiences; experiences 4．—Did you take part in the “Labor Practice Week” last month? —Yes. What ________ unusual experience! A．a B．an C．the 知识点12：Many people can afford to travel to many different places far away from their homes.许多人有能力去离家很远的不同地方旅行。 afford的用法： 【即时小练】 1.The charity has no choice but ________ free treatment for those who can’t ________ the cost. A．provide; afford B．to provide; afford C．providing; to afford D．to provide; to afford 知识点13：But no matter what language we speak,we care about each other just the same. 但无论我们说什么语言，我们彼此关心这一点是相同的。 care vi vt. &.关心，关注，在意 care的常用短语： 【拓展】care还可以作名词，意为“小心；照料”。其形容词形式为 careful(小心的；仔细的)和 careless(粗心的)；对应的副词形式为 carefully(小心地；仔细地)和 carelessly (粗心地)。 【即时小练】 1．After-school activities help students have more skills and learn to ________ others. A．care about B．take care C．talk about D．talk for 知识点14：The high-speed railway shows how much china has developed since its opening-up.高铁展现了中国自改革开放以来取得了多大的发展。 since可作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如： I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。 I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。 【拓展】 since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如： She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。 She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。 【即时小练】 1．—________ nicknames (绰号) are seen as a form of showing no respect for others, next time you want to call someone by his/her nickname, weigh (权衡) it before you do. —No wonder Tom doesn’t talk with me, ________ he is always angry with me. I won’t call his nickname any more. A．Because of; for B．Because; since C．As; because of D．Since; for 单元语法：（一）后缀-ment 动词 + -ment → 名词 -ment 属于名词性后缀。它附着在动词词根后面，将动作转化为名词，通常表示以下三种含义： 动作本身或过程（如：development 发展这个过程） 动作产生的结果（如：achievement 取得的成果） 动作使用的工具或手段（如：equipment 使用的设备） 一、变化规则 规则 示例 大多数动词直接加 -ment develop → development, move → movement 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去 e 加 -ment argue → argument 以 y 结尾的动词，直接加 -ment enjoy → enjoyment 易错警示：argue → argument 常被误写成 arguement，务必注意去 e。 二、中考常考词汇汇总 动词 名词 词义 achieve achievement 成就 advertise advertisement 广告 agree agreement 同意/协议 amuse amusement 娱乐 argue argument 争论/论点 commit commitment 奉献/承诺 develop development 发展 disagree disagreement 不赞同/分歧 equip equipment 装备/器材 govern government 政府 improve improvement 改善/提高 manage management 管理/经营 move movement 运动/移动 punish punishment 惩罚 require requirement 要求/必要条件 treat treatment 治疗/对待 employ employment 雇用/工作 enjoy enjoyment 享受/乐趣 单元语法：（二）现在完成时（1） 常见考法： 对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查＂瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用＂这一知识点。 现在完成时的含义 1.过去对现在：表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态对现在仍有影响（动作发生在过去，结果影响到现在）。 2.过去到现在：从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在并有可能还会持续的动作或状态（一直延续到现在，for与since把时间带）。 现在完成时基本结构： 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 过去分词变化规则如下： 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　 live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。 study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。 stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit 现在完成时用法 1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 现在完成时连用的时间状语 现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。 1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如： We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。 从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。 2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如： I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。 3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如： How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？ The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。 （时间：30分钟） 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1．He ________ (complete) changed his ideas about modern entertainment. 2．People in the ________ (neighbor) often share their leisure activities together. 3．It is ________ (probable) one of the greatest changes of this new era. 4．We have different kinds of ________ (entertain) in the modern neighborhood. 5．People’s life is much better ________ (nowaday). 6．Can you tell me some ________ (recent) news about our city? 7．There are many kinds of ________ (leisure) activities in the park. 8．We need better medical ________ (treat) in small villages. 9．________ (nowaday), most people keep in touch by WeChat. 10．Finishing the project alone is a big ________ (achieve). 11．Soft music can give people ________ (comfort) when they feel tired. 12．Some old customs still ________ (remain) in this modern era. 13．The exciting news ________ (excite) all the students yesterday. 14．Everyone could hear loud ________ (laugh) from the next room. 15．Her ________ (child) was spent in a quiet neighborhood far from the city. 16．Factories are not allowed ________ (pollute) the river nearby. 17．Please ________ (shut) the window before you leave the room. 18．Watching comedies brings us lots of ________ (amuse). 19．We spent a ________ (please) afternoon enjoying entertainment shows. 20．It’s my ________ (please) to share my childhood stories with you. 二、单项选择 21．Nowadays many people take up different hobbies in their ________ time. A．leisure B．childhood C．conclusion D．comfort 22．Soft jazz can offer people ________ after busy work. A．leisure B．comfort C．amusement D．treatment 23．He has got some ________ news about recent international sports games. A．excite B．exciting C．excited D．excitement 24．There are many ________ and new buildings in our school. A．dear B．modern C．full D．cute 25．—Do you know that the sports meeting was canceled because of the bad weather? —Yes, I ________ the bad news. And I am really disappointed. A．heard B．have heard C．hear D．have been heard 26．So far, they ________ several meetings to discuss their plans for a field trip. A．have B．had C．are having D．have had 27．Many happy memories ________ from my childhood. A．remain B．pollute C．shut D．excite 28．You will ________ feel happier when you take part in outdoor activities. A．probably B．recently C．falsely D．narrowly 29．The ________ of public transport brings great comfort to local people. A．treat B．improvement C．amusement D．laughter 30．We can draw a ________ that pollution influences people’s daily leisure life. A．treat B．conclusion C．improvement D．network 31．Please shut ________ the machine before you talk about our entertainment plan. A．down B．off C．up D．out 32．It is a great ________ to enjoy jazz with my friends after work. A．pleasure B．amusement C．laughter D．happiness 33．I am familiar ________ this neighborhood because I lived here before. A．to B．for C．with D．at 34．—Oh, this bridge is too ________ for two cars to pass at the same time. —Yeah. Let’s pass it separately. A．narrow B．huge C．sandy D．rough 35．—Everyone is surprised at the great ________ of robots in China! —Yes, they show wonderful acts on the Spring Festival Gala (春晚). A．result B．trick C．progress D．goal 36．The subway in Beijing is always ________ during the rush hour, and it’s hard to find a place to stand. A．peaceful B．valuable C．crowded D．traditional 37．— Look at my new dress!    — How beautiful! ________, where did you buy it? A．On the way B．In the way C．By the way D．In this way 38．—Good news! A team of scientists ________a new type of ocean creature in the deep sea. —Wow! It will help us learn more about the ocean. A．discover B．discovered C．have discovered D．will discover 39．—Great changes ________ in Fuzhou in the past few years. —Yes, everything has changed a lot. A．take place B．were taken place C．have taken place 40．—Now it’s much faster to travel from Fuzhou city center to Changle Airport. —Exactly. Because the government ________ Fuzhou Metro Binhai Express. A．was building B．will build C．has built 三、完成句子 41．他从未后悔搬到乡下过安静的生活。 He has never ______________ to the countryside for a quiet life. 42．过去的生活是什么样的？ What ________ life ________ in the past? 43．这个周末和我们去划船怎么样? How about ________ ________ with us this weekend? 44．她努力学习，跟上同学们的进度。 She studies hard to ________ ________ ________ her classmates. 45．这个村庄远离大城市。 The village is ________ ________ ________ the big city. 46．近几年出现了很多新网店。 Many new online shops have appeared ________ ________ ________. 47．学好一门新语言、取得进步需要时间。 It takes time to ________ ________ in learning a new language. 48．我们的居住条件现在已经改善了很多。 Our _________ _________ have improved a lot now. 49．现在我们城市的孩子可以免费去图书馆看书。 Now children in our city can read in the library _________ _________. 50．你可以通过手机和你的老师取得联系。 You can _________ _________ _________ _________ your teacher on the mobile phone. 四、完形填空 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 People often talk about how life was better in the past, but how true is that? Let’s 51 my grandparents’ life with our life today. My grandparents’ life was 52 different from ours. Firstly, people probably had a 53 life. For example, in the past there were more trees, lakes, and fresh air, so the elder people always felt 54 and comfortable. Secondly, there was no problem of traffic (交通) because there weren’t so many 55 on the road. However, there were no modern appliances (现代电器) such as washing machines and vacuum cleaners (真空吸尘器) to make doing 56 easy, so they had to work hard to keep their house clean and prepare their food. They didn’t have the same chances that we have to enjoy themselves   57 . They couldn’t travel to all the interesting places for holidays and they usually 58 the holidays at the same local beach every year. Life was harder and 59 interesting. Now we have a huge change in our life. We 60 machines more than in the past. The machines help make our life 61 . The Internet brings people together and makes our work faster. In a short time, we can send and receive the messages or make calls to 62 with each other. Our kitchens are full of modern appliances (家用电器) to make our lives easier, from fridges to dishwashers, 63 we have more time to do the things we want. We now have the chance to travel the world easily and experience new cultures. As a result, people are living more interesting lives. What’s more, because of the new 64 , saving lives has now become very easy. I am not saying everything is perfect today, but for all the 65 above, I think I am very lucky to live in the present! 51．A．connect B．part C．compare D．create 52．A．certainly B．luckily C．hardly D．easily 53．A．noisy B．boring C．colorful D．peaceful 54．A．hard B．relaxed C．lonely D．nervous 55．A．people B．ships C．cars D．horses 56．A．housework B．homework C．business D．exercise 57．A．also B．again C．together D．either 58．A．took B．spent C．paid D．cost 59．A．least B．most C．less D．more 60．A．depend on B．take in C．look for D．give up 61．A．sadder B．slower C．worse D．easier 62．A．cheer B．communicate C．provide D．compete 63．A．because B．if C．so D．but 64．A．technology B．address C．expression D．challenge 65．A．messes B．relations C．reports D．reasons 五、阅读理解 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。 Traveling is fun, and more and more people enjoy it to relax. 66 “Every time we wanted to visit a big city like Lhasa, we had to sit in a car for 14 hours. That’s really tiring,” said Yangzom, a 30-year-old railway worker from a small town in Xizang. Things changed on July 1, 2006, when the Qinghai-Xizang Railway opened. It was the first railway in Xizang, 67 “Thanks to the trains, people in Xizang can now travel easily to see doctors, go to school and visit many places,” said Yangzom. Now, there are many other railway lines, like the Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-Speed Railway and the Lhasa-Linzhi Railway. Yangzom has worked for the railway since 2017. Lots of people including Yangzom get chances of going out to see the world. 68 Yangzom also sees many changes at work. Before, checking the railway tracks was very hard. Workers used simple tools to find problems on the tracks. 69 For example, the Lhasa-Linzhi Railway has ultrasonic detectors (超声波检测仪) and smart data systems. “These new technologies make our work easier and help keep the railways safer,” Yangzom said. Facing all these new technologies, Yangzom knows she must learn new things all the time. 70 A．Now, the railway in Xizang uses new technology. B．Traveling by plane is faster than by train. C．But for people in Xizang, traveling used to be really hard. D．And it made life much easier for Yangzom and other people in Xizang. E．Everyone must try hard to keep up with the fast development. F．Also, people from all over the world can visit Xizang and learn about its culture. 六、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成短文。 when, good, begin, hundred, lot, look, see, train, difficult, grow I was born in Heze, a city with a long history in Shandong. Today, I’m just 14 years old. However, I have 71 great changes in Heze. 72 I was young, my grandmother liked to take me out and go around the city. Though I couldn’t speak 73 , I knew it wasn’t a busy city. There were many small buildings, not tall buildings. At about four, I 74 to learn things by watching TV and reading books or magazines. One day, I saw a long and big car called “ 75 ” from TV. So I said to my grandma, “Grandma, this thing 76 so strange and it’s called ‘train’. Why haven’t I seen it here? You must be too careless to take me to see it, right?” “Oh, no! My child,” said my grandma, “that’s not my fault. In fact, there aren’t any trains here. Our city doesn’t have good transportation.” Ten years later, I’m not 4 years old any more. I have 77 into a teenager. Now, the city has really changed a 78 . And she is still growing up quickly. 79 of tall buildings stand up on the ground. The whole city is covered with green plants. The railway station makes the city smaller, and the trains are running so fast. I don’t believe it is 80 for her to become better and better in the future. 七、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个恰当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 Tom: Hi, Lucy! Your neighborhood looks totally different! 81 ? Lucy: Yes, I have lived here for a couple of months. Tom: 82 in your neighborhood now? Lucy: They built a new entertainment center and a railway station nearby. Tom: Sounds wonderful! 83 your free time here? Lucy: I listen to jazz music or meet friends online on the social network. Tom: What about people’s activities long ago? Lucy: In the past, people had few entertainment choices. 84 ? Tom: My neighborhood hasn’t changed much. I hope we can have more fun places soon. Lucy: 85 . I believe your dream will come true one day. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $