内容正文:
2019人教版高中英语必修一 Unit 1 词汇拓展清单
一、重点词汇深度拓展
1. teenage /ˈtiːneɪdʒ/ adj. 十几岁的(指13至19岁);青少年的
派生词:teenager (n.)(13至19岁之间的)青少年
常见搭配:teenage life 青少年生活 / teenage years 青少年时期
辨析:teenager 指13-19岁年龄段的人;adolescent 更正式,指青春期(约12-18岁);youth 范围更广,可指青年时期或年轻人整体。teenager 是最日常、最口语化的表达。
2. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ n. 志愿者
派生词:voluntary (adj.) 自愿的;志愿的 / voluntarily (adv.) 自愿地
核心短语:volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事
volunteer for sth 自愿参加某事
be a volunteer for... 做……的志愿者
写作例句:I volunteered to help organize the school sports meeting.
3. debate /dɪˈbeɪt/ n. 辩论;争论 vt. & vi. 辩论;争论
核心短语:debate on/about 就……进行辩论
under debate 在辩论中;尚未决定
debate with sb 与某人辩论
debate whether/why... 辩论是否/为什么……
熟词生义:作动词可表示“仔细考虑;盘算”(I debated whether to accept his offer. 我仔细考虑是否接受他的提议。)
写作例句:The topic of whether students should use mobile phones on campus is under debate.
4. prefer /prɪˈfɜː(r)/ vt. 较喜欢
派生词:preference (n.) 偏爱;偏好 / preferable (adj.) 更可取的
核心短语:prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B(I prefer tea to coffee.)
prefer doing A to doing B 宁愿做A不愿做B(He prefers reading to watching TV.)
prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B(She prefers to walk rather than take
the bus.)
prefer sb to do sth 宁愿某人做某事(I prefer you to stay.)
would prefer to do 宁愿做某事(委婉表达,I would prefer to go alone.)
易错点:prefer 的过去式/过去分词为 preferred(双写 r + ed),现在分词为 preferring(双写 r + ing)。
5. content /ˈkɒntent/ n. 内容;[pl.] 目录;(书、讲话、节目等的)主题
派生词:contented (adj.) 满足的;满意的(作定语)(注意:content 本身也可作形容词)
核心短语:table of contents 目录
be content with 对……满意(She is content with her life.)
熟词生义:content 作形容词时读作 /kənˈtent/,表示“满足的;满意的”(= satisfied),常与 with 连用。
辨析:content(具体内容,常用复数);context(上下文/语境);contrast(对比/反差)
6. movement /ˈmuːvmənt/ n. 动作;运动;活动
派生词:move (v.) 移动;感动 / moving (adj.) 动人的 / moved (adj.) 感动的
核心短语:body movement 肢体动作 / a movement for/against 支持/反对……的运动
辨析:movement(政治/艺术/社会运动或身体动作);campaign(有组织的宣传活动)
7. greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ n. 温室;暖房
构成:green(绿色)+ house(房子)
常见搭配:greenhouse effect 温室效应(Unit 4重点词汇) / greenhouse gas 温室气体
8. suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ adj. 合适的;适用的
派生词:suit (v.) 适合;(n.) 套装 / suitably (adv.) 合适地
核心短语:be suitable for 对……适合的(This book is suitable for beginners.)
辨析:suitable(合宜的,符合条件);fit(健康的/适合的,强调胜任);proper(正当的;得体的)
9. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. 挑战;艰巨任务 vt. 怀疑;向……挑战
派生词:challenging (adj.) 有挑战性的 / challenged (adj.) 有困难的;残疾的(委婉说法)
核心短语:face a challenge 面对挑战
take on a challenge 接受挑战
challenge sb to sth 向某人挑战(He challenged me to a game of chess.)
熟词生义:作动词可表示“质疑;怀疑”(She challenged the traditional way of thinking. 她质疑了传统的思维方式。)
写作金句:Life is full of challenges. The key is to face them bravely.
10. title /ˈtaɪtl/ n. (书、诗歌等的)名称;标题;头衔
常见搭配:book title 书名 / job title 职位名称 / title holder 冠军保持者
熟词生义:可表示“(体育比赛的)冠军称号”(She won the world title three times.)
11. freshman /ˈfreʃmən/ n.(especially NAmE)(大学或高中)一年级新生
构成:fresh(新鲜的)+ man(人)
常见搭配:freshman year 大一/高一
拓展:sophomore(二年级)、junior(三年级)、senior(四年级/高三)
12. confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/ adj. 难以理解的;不清楚的
派生词家族:confuse (v.) 使糊涂;使迷惑
confused (adj.) 糊涂的;迷惑的(修饰人)
confusing (adj.) 难以理解的(修饰物)
confusion (n.) 困惑;混淆
核心短语:confuse A with B 把A和B混淆(I always confuse her with her sister.)
in confusion 困惑地(He stared at me in confusion.)
易错点:修饰人用 -ed(I feel confused.),修饰物用 -ing(The instructions are confusing.)。
13. fluent /ˈfluːənt/ adj. (尤指外语)流利的;熟练的
派生词:fluently (adv.) 流利地 / fluency (n.) 流利;流畅
核心短语:be fluent in 在……方面流利(She is fluent in English and French.)
写作例句:After years of practice, he became fluent in Chinese.
14. graduate /ˈɡrædʒuət/ vi. & vt. 毕业;获得学位 n. 毕业生
派生词:graduation (n.) 毕业;毕业典礼
核心短语:graduate from 从……毕业(She graduated from Peking University.)
graduate in 毕业于……专业(He graduated in law.)
辨析:graduate from 接学校;graduate in 接专业。
15. recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ vt. 建议;推荐;介绍
派生词:recommendation (n.) 推荐;建议
核心短语:recommend doing sth 建议做某事(I recommend visiting the museum.)
recommend sb to do 建议某人做某事(He recommended me to take a break.)
recommend that + 从句(should + 动词原形) 建议……(I recommend that you(should)
see a doctor.)
recommend sb sth / recommend sth to sb 向某人推荐某物(Can you recommend a good
book to me?)
易错点:recommend sb to do 中的不定式为宾语补足语,在正式写作中更推荐用 recommend that sb (should) do 的虚拟语气结构。
写作句型:I strongly recommend that you(should)sign up for the English club.
16. advanced /ədˈvænst/ adj. 高级的;高等的;先进的
派生词:advance (n./v.) 前进;发展 / advancement (n.) 进步;提升
核心短语:advanced technology 先进技术 / advanced level 高级水平 / in advance 提前
17. extra-curricular /ˌekstrəkəˈrɪkjələ(r)/ adj. 课外的;课程以外的
构成:extra(额外的)+ curricular(课程的)
常见搭配:extra-curricular activities 课外活动
18. quit /kwɪt/ vi. & vt. (quit, quit) 停止;放弃(工作职位、学校等)
核心短语:quit doing sth 停止做某事(He quit smoking.)
quit one’s job 辞职
quit school 退学
辨析:quit(非正式,常作美式英语,后接动名词);give up(放弃,后接动名词);stop(停止,可接 to do/doing);drop out of(辍学/退出)
19. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 负责任的;有责任的
派生词:responsibility (n.) 责任;义务 / responsibly (adv.) 负责任地
核心短语:be responsible for 对……负责(Parents are responsible for their children’s education.)
take responsibility for 为……承担责任(We should take responsibility for our actions.)
20. solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 解决办法;答案
派生词:solve (v.) 解决 / solvable (adj.) 可解决的
核心短语:solution to + 问题(注意介词用 to,不用 of!)(We need to find a solution to this problem.)
21. schedule /ˈʃedjuːl/ (美式 /ˈskedʒuːl/)n. 工作计划;日程安排
核心短语:on schedule 按时(= on time)
ahead of schedule 提前
behind schedule 延迟
a tight schedule 日程紧张
熟词生义:可做动词,表示“安排、预定”(We have scheduled a meeting for Monday.)
写作例句:The sports meeting is scheduled for next Friday. All students are required to attend.
The opening ceremony is scheduled to take place in the school hall.
22. editor /ˈedɪtə(r)/ n. 主编;编辑;编者
派生词:edit (v.) 编辑 / edition (n.) 版本 / editorial (adj.) 编辑的;(n.) 社论
核心短语:chief editor 主编 / editor in chief 总编辑
23. adventure /ədˈventʃə(r)/ n. 冒险;奇遇
派生词:adventurous (adj.) 爱冒险的 / adventurer (n.) 冒险家
核心短语:a sense of adventure 冒险精神 / adventure story 冒险故事
24. youth /juːθ/ n. 青年时期;青春
派生词:youthful (adj.) 年轻的;充满活力的
核心短语:in one's youth 在某人年轻时 / the youth of today 当今的年轻人
易错点:作“年轻人”整体时,谓语动词可单数可复数;作“青春”时不可数。
25. survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n. 生存;幸存;幸存事物
派生词:survive (v.) 幸存 / survivor (n.) 幸存者 / surviving (adj.) 幸存的
核心短语:survival skills 生存技能 / the survival of the fittest 适者生存
26. expert /ˈekspɜːt/ n. 专家;行家 adj. 熟练的;内行的;专家的
核心短语:an expert in/on 在……方面的专家(She is an expert in psychology.)
be expert at (doing) sth 擅长(做)某事(He is expert at playing chess.)
辨析:expert(专家/行家,侧重专业知识);specialist(专科医生/专家,侧重医学领域);professional(专业人士/职业选手)
27. behaviour /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ n. 行为;举止
派生词:behave (v.) 表现;举止
well-behaved (adj.) 行为端正的
badly-behaved (adj.) 行为不端的
核心短语:good/bad behaviour 良好/不良行为 / behaviour towards 对……的态度/行为
写作例句:Teachers should guide students to develop good behaviour.
28. generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ n. 一代(人)
核心短语:generation gap 代沟
the younger/older generation 年轻/老一辈
from generation to generation 一代一代地
写作例句:There is a generation gap between parents and teenagers.
29. attract /əˈtrækt/ vt. 吸引;引起……的注意(或兴趣)
派生词:attraction (n.) 吸引力;景点 / attractive (adj.) 有吸引力的
核心短语:attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
be attracted to 喜欢……;被……吸引
tourist attraction 旅游景点
写作例句:Chinese culture attracts millions of foreign tourists every year.
30. focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ vi. & vt. 集中(精力、注意力等) n. 中心;重点;焦点
派生词:focused (adj.) 集中的;专注的
核心短语:focus on 集中;特别关注(Please focus on your work.)
the focus of attention 关注的焦点
bring into focus 使清晰;使突出
31. addicted /əˈdɪktɪd/ adj. 有瘾的;上瘾的;入迷的
派生词:addict (n.) 对……入迷的人;吸毒成瘾的人 / addiction (n.) 上瘾;入迷 /
addictive (adj.) 令人上瘾的
核心短语:be addicted to 对……很入迷(He is addicted to playing computer games.)
32. adult /ˈædʌlt/ n. 成年人 adj. 成年的;成熟的
派生词:adulthood (n.) 成年期
辨析:adult(成年/成熟,指已达法定年龄);grown-up(口语,更非正式,也指成年人);mature(成熟,侧重心理/生理发育完全)
二、高频短语速查表
短语
释义
例句
prefer...to...
喜欢……多于……
I prefer tea to coffee.
clean up
打扫(或清除)干净
Please clean up your room.
suitable for
对……适合的
This book is suitable for beginners.
sign up for
报名(参加课程)
I signed up for the basketball club.
be responsible for
对……负责
You are responsible for your own decisions.
focus on
集中;特别关注
You should focus on your studies.
addicted to
对……很入迷
He is addicted to playing games.
apply for
申请
I want to apply for the job.
volunteer to do
自愿做某事
She volunteered to help.
graduate from
从……毕业
He graduated from a top university.
on schedule
按时
The project was finished on schedule.
三、熟词生义速记卡
单词
常见义
生义
content
内容;目录
满足的(形容词,读/kənˈtent/)
challenge
挑战
质疑;向……挑战(动词)
debate
辩论
仔细考虑;盘算
advance
前进;发展
提前(in advance)
schedule
日程安排
列入计划;安排(动词)
focus
中心;焦点
集中;聚焦(动词)
plate
盘子
板块(tectonic plate 地壳板块)
四、重要后缀(形容词-t / -te 结尾 → 变 t /te为 cy)
形容词
名词
含义
accurate(准确的)
accuracy
准确(性)
private(私人的;私有的)
privacy
隐私(私密状态)
intimate(亲密的;密切的)
intimacy
亲密(关系)
adequate(足够的;充分的)
adequacy
足够(状态)
delicate(精美的;脆弱的)
delicacy
精致 / 微妙
fluent(流利的;流畅的)
fluency
流畅;流利
frequent(频繁的;经常的)
frequency
频繁;频率
urgent(紧急的;迫切的)
urgency
紧急(状态)
efficient(效率高的;有效率的)
efficiency
效率
sufficient (足够的;充分的)
sufficiency
充足(状态)
五、应用文写作:用单元词汇给出切实可行的建议
假设你是李华,你的初中好友张明刚升入高中,对选修课选择感到困惑,写信向你求助。请你给他回一封建议信,内容包括:1.表示理解他的困惑;2.给出选课建议(如:兴趣优先、考虑未来规划、咨询学长学姐等);3.表达鼓励和祝福。
建议信万能模板
(一)建议信结构(三段式)
段落
核心任务
常见要点
Para 1 开头
表明写信目的+表达理解/安慰
对来信的感谢、对问题的理解、共情表达
Para 2 主体
提出具体建议(2-3条)
每条建议独立成句,用连接词串联
Para 3 结尾
表达鼓励 + 期待回复
给予信心、表达祝愿、期待回信
(二)万能句式库
【开头段】表达理解与写信目的
I’m sorry to hear that you’re having trouble with...
I understand that you’re confused about...
I’m writing to give you some advice on how to...
I’d like to share my suggestions with you.
Don’t worry — it’s normal for every freshman.
You asked for my advice on... and I’ll try to offer some practical suggestions.
【主体段】提出建议(每条建议单独成段,用 First / Second / Third 或 First / Besides / Finally 连接)
建议一:First, I suggest that you (should) do...
First, I’d like to recommend that you (should) do...
First and foremost, you’d better do...
建议二:Second, it is a good idea to do...
Besides, you are supposed to do...
What’s more, you might as well do...
建议三:Finally, I strongly advise you to do...
Last but not least, you should do...
【结尾段】表达鼓励与期待
I’m confident that you can overcome these challenges.
I hope my advice will be helpful to you.
I’m always here if you need any further help.
Looking forward to your good news!
Wish you all the best!
(三)建议信常用连接词
功能
连接词
引出第一条建议
First / First of all / To begin with / First and foremost
引出第二条建议
Second / Besides / What’s more / In addition / Additionally
引出第三条建议
Third / Finally / Last but not least / More importantly
总结建议
In conclusion / All in all / In a word
范文
Dear Zhang Ming,
I’m sorry to hear that you’re confused about choosing your optional courses. Don’t worry — it’s perfectly normal for every freshman to feel this way. I’d like to share some suggestions with you.
First, you should focus on your interests. If you prefer science to art, go for physics and chemistry; if you are curious about literature, choose Chinese or history. Interest is the best teacher. Second, think about your future plans. If you want to apply for a science-related major in college, you’d better choose advanced maths and physics. Also, you can consult your senior schoolmates — they usually have valuable experience to share. Third, don’t forget to keep a balanced schedule. Make sure you leave enough time for extra-curricular activities, which help you relax and make new friends.
I recommend that you sign up for one or two courses that you truly enjoy. Remember, the solution to this problem is not to find the “perfect” choice, but to make the most of what you choose. I believe you will make it! Just stay confident and keep a positive attitude.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
六、读后续写:用本单元词汇写“高中第一天”
第一步:紧张与焦虑(用 anxious, awkward, frightened, confused, challenge)
On the first day of senior high school, I felt extremely anxious and confused. The new campus was huge and I didn’t know anyone. I felt a little awkward and frightened when I realised I had lost my way in the six-story building. Everything seemed like a challenge to me — finding the classroom, understanding the schedule, even just fitting in. I kept asking myself: “What if I can’t concentrate on my studies? What if I can’t make any friends?”
第二步:尝试与探索(用 explore, concentrate on, make an impression, focus on, sign up for)
I took a deep breath and decided to explore the campus step by step. Instead of trying to memorize the whole building at once, I focused on finding my own classroom first. I also tried to make a good impression by greeting everyone with a smile and offering my help to those who looked as confused as I was. I told myself that I would sign up for a club that suited my interests and organise my time with a proper schedule.
第三步:偶遇与交流(用 exchange, partner, outgoing, volunteer, recommend)
Just then, I met an outgoing classmate who volunteered to show me around. He recommended that I join the school’s English club, which he said was a great place to exchange ideas with others. We exchanged phone numbers and became partners in class. He also introduced me to several other friendly students, who were all curious about different cultures and eager to make new friends. Their warmth made a good impression on me and helped me feel less anxious.
第四步:期待与展望(用 look forward to, improve, confidence, goal, senior)
At last, I realised that senior high school was not as scary as I thought. I was truly looking forward to the new life ahead and felt my confidence growing. I set a clear goal for myself — to improve my English and explore more opportunities in the coming years. I knew that with determination and a positive attitude, I could make it. As my new friend said, “Every freshman feels the same at first — but soon you’ll find your own way.”
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