内容正文:
2019人教版高中英语必修一 Unit 3 词汇拓展清单
一.词汇深度拓展
1. fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ n. 健康;健壮;适合
派生词:fit (adj.) 健康的;适合的 → (v.) 适合;安装
核心短语:keep/stay fit 保持健康
be fit for 适合……;胜任……
be fit to do 适合做……
fit in with...与......相适应; 与某人/物相协调;融入
熟词生义:fit 作名词时,可表示“(疾病)发作”(a fit of coughing 一阵咳嗽)或“突发”(in a fit of anger 一怒之下)。
写作句型:Regular exercise is of great benefit to fitness. (定期锻炼对健康有很大好处。)
2. soccer /ˈsɒkə(r)/ n. 足球;足球运动
辨析:英式英语常用 football,美式英语常用 soccer。
常见搭配:play soccer 踢足球// soccer field 足球场// soccer player 足球运动员
3. stadium /ˈsteɪdiəm/ n. 体育场;运动场
常见搭配:an indoor stadium 室内体育馆// an Olympic stadium 奥林匹克体育场
4. boxing /ˈbɒksɪŋ/ n. 拳击(运动)
派生词:box (v.) 拳击;打拳 → (n.) 盒子;箱子// boxer (n.) 拳击手
常见搭配:boxing match 拳击比赛// heavyweight boxing 重量级拳击
5. badminton /ˈbædmɪntən/ n. 羽毛球运动
常见搭配:play badminton 打羽毛球/ badminton court 羽毛球场
6. marathon /ˈmærəθən/ n. 马拉松赛跑
引申义(熟词生义):指漫长的、耗时的活动(如:a marathon meeting 马拉松式的会议)
常见搭配:run a marathon 跑马拉松// marathon runner 马拉松选手
7. event /ɪˈvent/ n. 比赛项目;大事;公开活动
派生词:eventful (adj.) 多事的;充满大事的// uneventful adj.平安无事的;平凡的;缺乏刺激的
熟词生义:在物理/数学中可表示“结果”,在日常中常指“活动”(current events 时事)
高频短语:in the event that 如果……(= if)
in any event 无论如何(= whatever happens)
in the event of 万一……(= if ... happens)
8. come along 跟随;到达;进步;赶快
多重义项(熟词生义):跟随(Come along with me.)
到达(A bus came along.)
进步(How is your project coming along?)
赶快(Come along! We’re late.)
同义短语:come on, hurry up, make progress
9. ski /skiː/ adj. 滑雪的; vi. 滑雪
派生词:skiing (n.) 滑雪运动// skier (n.) 滑雪者
常见搭配:ski resort 滑雪胜地// ski slope 滑雪坡道// go skiing 去滑雪
10. host /həʊst/ vt. 主办;主持; n. 主人;东道主;节目主持人
派生词:hostess (n.) 女主人;女主持人
常见搭配:host the Olympic Games 主办奥运会// host a TV show 主持电视节目
熟词生义:生物中可指“寄主”(宿主)
11. track /træk/ n. 跑道;足迹;铁路轨道; vt. & vi. 追踪;跟踪
派生词:tracker (n.) 追踪者// tracking (n.) 追踪;跟踪
高频短语:keep track of 跟踪;了解……的动态
lose track of 失去联系;不了解……的动态
track down 追查到;搜寻到
track and field 田径(固定搭配)
12. gym /dʒɪm/ n. 健身房;体育馆
全称:gymnasium (n.) 体育馆
常见搭配:go to the gym 去健身房// gym teacher/class 体育老师/课
13. gymnastics /dʒɪˈmæstɪks/ n. 体操(训练)
注意:该词常以复数形式出现,但作主语时谓语动词常用单数(Gymnastics is a popular sport.)
派生词:gymnast (n.) 体操运动员
14. work out 锻炼;计算出;解决
多重义项(高考重点):锻炼(I work out every day.)
计算出(Work out the total cost.)
解决(We worked out the problem.)
进展顺利(Things worked out well. —— 熟词生义)
派生名词:workout (n.) 锻炼;健身训练
15. sweat /swet/ vt. 使出汗;出汗弄湿; vi. 出汗;流汗; n. 汗水;出汗
派生词:sweaty (adj.) 出汗的;湿透的
sweater (n.) 毛衣(原指“使人出汗的衣服”)
高频短语:sweat over 为……而拼命工作/担忧// no sweat (口语) 不费力;没问题(熟词生义)
例句:I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.
16. make it 获得成功;准时到达
多重义项(高频考点):成功(He finally made it as an actor.)
准时到达(The train leaves at 8:00. Can we make it?)
约定时间(Let's make it 3 o'clock. 我们就定在三点吧。)
反义:fail / miss it
写作句型:With determination, I believe I can make it.(有志者事竟成)
17. legend /ˈledʒənd/ n. 传奇故事(或人物);传说
派生词:legendary (adj.) 传奇的;著名的(a legendary athlete 传奇运动员)
常见搭配:living legend 当代传奇(仍健在的传奇人物)// basketball legend 篮球传奇
近义:myth(神话;虚构的故事)—— legend 通常有历史原型,myth 偏向虚构
18. athlete /ˈæθliːt/ n. 运动员;运动健儿
派生词:athletic (adj.) 运动的;健壮的(athletic ability 运动能力)
athletics (n.) 田径运动(英式英语)
常见搭配:professional athlete 职业运动员 // Olympic athlete 奥运选手
19. master /ˈmɑːstə(r)/ n. 高手;主人;vt. 精通;掌握
派生词:masterful (adj.) 熟练的;有掌控力的
mastery (n.) 精通;掌握(mastery of skills 对技能的精通)
常见搭配:master a foreign language 精通一门外语// master the basics 掌握基础知识
熟词生义:作名词还可表示“硕士学位”(Master's degree);作动词表示“控制”(master one's emotions 控制情绪)
20. set an example 树立榜样
同义:lead by example(以身作则)
常见搭配:set a good/bad example 树立好/坏榜样// follow one's example 效仿某人
写作句型:As a captain, he set an example for the whole team with his hard work.
21. honour /ˈhɔːnə(r)/ n. 荣誉;尊敬;荣幸
派生词:honourable (adj.) 光荣的;高尚的
常见搭配:in honour of 为了纪念……(= in memory of)
It's an honour to do sth 做某事很荣幸
have the honour of ... 有幸……
写作例句:The stadium was named in honour of the legendary athlete.
22. glory /ˈɡlɔːri/ n. 荣誉;光荣;赞美
派生词:glorious (adj.) 光荣的;辉煌的(a glorious victory)
常见搭配:win glory for 为……赢得荣誉// return with glory 载誉而归
辨析:honour 侧重“被尊敬”的内在品质;glory 侧重“辉煌成就”的外在光彩
23. medal /ˈmedl/ n. 奖章;勋章
常见搭配:win a gold/silver/bronze medal 获金/银/铜牌// Olympic medalist 奥运会奖牌得主
易混词:model(模型;模特)—— 拼写相差一个字母,听力注意分辨
24. championship /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/ n. 锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号
派生词:champion (n.) 冠军;优胜者
常见搭配:win the championship 赢得冠军// World Championship 世界锦标赛
熟词生义:champion 作名词还可以表示“拥护者;斗士”(a champion of women's rights(女性权益的拥护者));作动词表示“捍卫;拥护;支持;为……而斗争;声援”(阅读高频)。
例句:She championed the cause of equal education for girls.(她捍卫了女孩平等受教育的事业。)
The organization champions environmental protection.(该组织声援环境保护。)
25. determination /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 决心;决定
派生词:determine (v.) 决定;确定
determined (adj.) 坚决的(be determined to do sth 决心做某事)
常见搭配:with determination 坚定地 // show great determination 表现出极大的决心
写作金句:Determination is the key to success.(决心是成功的关键。)
26. apart /əˈpɑːt/ adv. 分离;分开;成碎片
高频短语:apart from 除……之外(既可表示“除了……还”,也可表示“除了……没有”)
tell apart 区分(I can't tell the twins apart.)
fall apart 破裂;破碎;崩溃(本单元重点)
take apart 拆开
写作例句:Apart from talent, hard work also matters.
After the failure, his confidence fell apart.
27. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ vt. 使受伤;损害
派生词:injured (adj.) 受伤的(the injured 伤员,复数概念)
injury (n.) 伤害;损伤(serious injury 重伤)
辨析(阅读完形高频):injure:意外受伤(身体)
wound:战争中受刀/枪伤
hurt:情感受伤或轻微身体疼痛
harm:抽象伤害(harm one's reputation)
28. captain /ˈkæptɪn/ n.(运动队)队长;船长;机长
常见搭配:team captain 队长// captain of the ship 船长
熟词生义:动词可表示“率领;担任队长”(captain the team 担任队长)
29. lose heart 丧失信心;泄气
易混:lose one's heart to sb 爱上某人
近义:lose confidence / get discouraged
反义:keep up one's spirits / stay confident
30. graceful /ˈɡreɪsfəl/ adj. 优美的;优雅的
派生词:grace (n.) 优雅;恩典// gracefully (adv.) 优雅地
常见搭配:graceful movement 优雅的动作// graceful manner 优雅的举止
近义:elegant(高雅的)
31. strength /streŋθ/ n. 力量;体力
派生词:strengthen (v.) 加强(strengthen the relationship 加强关系)// strong (adj.) 强壮的
常见搭配:physical strength 体力// inner strength 内心力量
strengths and weaknesses 优缺点(写作常用)
辨析:power 权力/能力;force 武力/力;energy 精力/能量
32. failure /ˈfeɪlɪə(r)/ n. 失败;失败的人(或事物)
派生词:fail (v.) 失败;未能
常见搭配:fear of failure 对失败的恐惧// a complete failure 彻底的失败
熟词生义:可表示“故障”(heart failure 心力衰竭)
写作金句:Failure is not the opposite of success; it's part of success.
33. give up 放弃;投降
注意:后接 doing(give up smoking 戒烟),不可接 to do
近义:quit / abandon
反义:keep on / persist in / stick to
34. compete /kəmˈpiːt/ vi. 竞争;对抗
派生词:competition (n.) 竞争;比赛
competitive (adj.) 竞争的;有竞争力的
competitor (n.) 竞争者;参赛者
核心介词搭配:compete in + 比赛项目(compete in the marathon)
compete for + 奖项/目标(compete for the gold medal)
compete with/against + 对手(compete with other teams)
35. make sense 有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚
常用句型:It makes sense (for sb) to do sth (对某人来说)做某事是明智的
Does that make sense? 那讲得通吗?
派生:make no sense 毫无意义
辨析:make sense of 理解
36. pretend /prɪˈtend/ vi. & vt. 假装;装扮
核心搭配:pretend to do 假装做某事
pretend to be doing 假装正在做
pretend to have done 假装已经做了
例句:He pretended to be sleeping when his mother came in.
She pretended to have read the book.
37. million /ˈmɪljən/ num. 一百万
注意:前有具体数字时,不加 s(two million people)
表示“数百万”时,用 millions of
拓展:billion(十亿),trillion(万亿)
38. cheat /tʃiːt/ vi. 作弊;舞弊;vt. 欺骗;蒙骗;n. 欺骗手段;骗子
常见搭配:cheat on a test 考试作弊
cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物(cheat him out of his money)
近义:deceive(欺骗,更正式)
39. audience /ˈɔːdɪəns/ n. 观众;听众
集体名词用法(高考常考):视为整体时,谓语用单数(The audience is large.)
视为个体成员时,谓语用复数(The audience are cheering.)
常见搭配:live audience 现场观众/target audience 目标受众
40. positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的
派生词:positively (adv.) 积极地
反义:negative(消极的;负面的)
常见搭配:positive attitude 积极态度// positive effect 积极作用// be positive about 对……乐观
写作金句:Stay positive, and you will see the bright side of life.
41. slim /slɪm/ adj. 苗条的;单薄的
派生词:slimness (n.) 苗条
动词用法:也可作动词,表示“减肥”(slim down 变苗条)
近义:slender(修长的,更正式)
反义:fat / overweight
42. diet /ˈdaɪət/ n. 规定饮食;日常饮食;vi. 节食
常见搭配:a balanced diet 均衡饮食 // go on a diet 节食减肥// be on a diet 在节食中
写作例句:A balanced diet and regular exercise are both important for fitness.
43. make a difference 有作用或影响
常用句型:make a big/great difference to ... 对……有很大影响
It makes no difference. 这没关系/没影响。
写作金句:Every small effort can make a difference to the world.
44. rather /ˈrɑːðə(r)/ adv. 相当;有点儿
核心搭配(高考完形高频):rather than 而不是(连接并列成分)
would rather do than do 宁愿做……而不愿做……
or rather 更确切地说
例句:I prefer to jog rather than run in the gym.
I would rather stay at home than go out.
45. push-up /ˈpʊʃʌp/ n. 俯卧撑
英式说法:press-up
常见搭配:do push-ups 做俯卧撑
46. cut ... out 停止做(或使用、食用);剪下
多重义项:剪下(cut out a picture 剪下一张图片)
停止做/食用(cut out sugar 戒糖)
适合(be cut out for 天生适合……)
写作例句:To keep fit, I decided to cut out junk food.
47. now and then 有时;偶尔
同义:from time to time / occasionally / once in a while
反义:all the time / constantly
48. compare ... with/to ... 与……比较
区别(写作精准用):compare A with B 把A和B比较(对比差异)
compare A to B 把A比作B(比喻)
Compared with/to...与……相比(作状语)
派生词:comparison (n.) 比较(in comparison with 与……相比)
写作句型:Compared with traditional sports, e-sports attract more young people.
49. jog /dʒɒɡ/ vi. 慢跑;n. 慢跑
常见搭配:go jogging 去慢跑// jog along/on 缓慢平稳地进行
近义:run(跑步更广义);sprint(冲刺)
50. stress /stres/ n. 压力;紧张;重音;vt. 强调;重读;使焦虑不安
派生词:stressful (adj.) 有压力的(a stressful job)
stressed (adj.) 焦虑不安的(feel stressed)
常见搭配:under stress 在压力下// lay/put stress on 强调……(= emphasize)
写作例句:The teacher stressed the importance of daily exercise.
Students often feel stressed out before exams.
51. error /ˈɛrə(r)/ n. 错误;差错
常见搭配:make an error 犯错// human error 人为错误// trial and error 反复试验
辨析(完形填空常考):error 正式用语,偏离标准/规范(grammatical error)
mistake 日常用语,判断或行为错误(make a mistake)
fault 过失/责任(It's my fault.)
二、高频短语速查表(晨读背诵)
短语
释义
例句
make it
成功;准时到达
You can make it if you try.
set an example
树立榜样
Parents should set an example for kids.
in honour of
为了纪念
The monument was built in honour of heroes.
fall apart
崩溃;破碎
His plan fell apart at the last minute.
lose heart
丧失信心
Don't lose heart; keep going.
give up
放弃
Never give up your dreams.
make sense
有道理
His explanation makes sense.
make a difference
有影响
A smile can make a difference.
rather than
而不是
I prefer walking rather than driving.
cut out
停止;剪下
I've cut out coffee.
now and then
偶尔
We meet now and then.
compared with/to
与……相比
Compared with last year, we've improved.
apart from
除……之外
Apart from English, she speaks French.
三、熟词生义速记卡
单词
常见义
生义
master
主人;精通
控制(master one's temper)
captain
队长;船长
率领(captain the team)
failure
失败
故障(heart failure)
stress
压力
强调(stress the importance)
diet
节食
日常饮食(a healthy diet)
slim
苗条的
减肥(slim down)
rather
相当
更确切地说(or rather)
初级表达
升级表达
don't give up
never lose heart / show determination
successful person
a legend / champion
I think
It makes sense that ...
important
stress the importance of ...
except
apart from
sometimes
now and then
stop eating
cut out eating
do sports
work out / go to the gym
healthy
physically fit / in good fitness
succeed finally
make it/work out well in the end
hard work
sweat and effort(汗水与努力)
cheat
作弊
欺骗手段;骗子(名词)
四、重要后缀补充
1.后缀 -ship 加在名词或形容词后,构成抽象名词,表示:
含义
说明
例词
身份/职位
某人的身份或
地位
citizenship(公民身份)、leadership(领导力;领导地位)、scholarship(奖学金;学问)、championship(冠军身份;锦标赛)、sportsmanship(体育精神;运动风度)、ownership(所有权;产权)
技能/能力
某方面的能力或技艺
技艺
craftsmanship(手艺)、workmanship(工艺)
状态/关系
某种状态或人
际关系
friendship(友谊)、relationship(关系)、membership(会员资格)、hardship(艰难;困苦)、partnership(伙伴关系;合作关系)
集体/群体
某一类人的整体
readership(读者群)、audienceship(听众群)
2.后缀 -th 加在形容词或动词后面,构成抽象名词,表示:
含义
说明
例词
性质/状态
具有某种性质或处于某种状态
warmth(温暖)、health(健康)、truth(真理)、
growth(成长;增长)、dead→death(死亡)、
young→youth(青春;青年)
度量/维度
某种计量或维度
long→length(长度)、wide→width(宽度)、
deep→depth(深度)
抽象概念
从具体形容词转化为抽象概念
strong→strength(力量)、
3.后缀 -ure 加在动词后面,构成抽象名词,表示:
含义
说明
例词
动作/过程
某个动作的行为过程
departure(离开;出发)、exposure(暴露;接触)、
closure(关闭;结束)
结果/产物
动作产生的结果
failure(失败的结果)、mixture(混合物)、
creature(生物;动物)
状态/情况
处于某种状态
pleasure(愉快)、pressure(压力)
功能/作用
具有某种功能的事物
furnish→furniture(家具,即“装备/陈设”的结果)
五、应用文写作:如何用单元词汇介绍健身习惯
【题目】
假定你是李华,你的英国笔友Tom来信询问你的健身习惯。请你给他写一封回信,内容包括:
1.你的健身习惯(项目、频率、时长等);2.健身给你带来的变化和收获;
3.给他提出一两条健身建议。
结构模板(三段式)
第一段:写信背景 + 总起
I'm glad to hear from you. In your last letter, you asked about my fitness habits. Now I'd like to share them with you.
第二段:健身习惯(做什么 + 频率 + 时长)+ 变化收获
I usually work out ... times a week. My routine includes ... Besides, I pay attention to my diet and have cut out ... This habit has brought me great changes. I feel more ... and ...
第三段:建议 + 期待回复
My advice for you is: ... Rather than ... just ... I believe you can make it. Looking forward to your reply.
范文一
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to hear from you. You asked about my fitness habits, and I'd love to share them with you.
I work out in the gym three times a week, for about an hour each time. My routine includes jogging on the track, doing push-ups, and sometimes gymnastics. I also play badminton with my classmates now and then. Besides exercise, I've cut out junk food and keep a balanced diet.
Regular exercise has made a big difference to me. I feel more energetic and positive, and it helps reduce stress from study. More importantly, I've become more determined. I used to lose heart easily, but now I never give up.
My advice? Work out regularly and compare your progress with past records. Even if you feel tired at first, keep going. I believe you will make it!
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
范文二:应用文变式——倡议书
假设你是学生会主席,请为校刊写一篇倡议书,呼吁同学们养成健身习惯。
Stay Active, Stay Healthy!
Dear fellow students,
Do you often feel stressed out about exams? Do you lose heart easily when facing challenges? Maybe it's time to develop a fitness habit!
Exercise not only builds up our strength but also improves our mental health. You can work out in the gym, jog on the track, or simply do push-ups in your dormitory. Even 20 minutes a day makes a difference. Remember, rather than making excuses, just start now!
As the saying goes, "Failure is not the end; giving up is." Let's set an example for each other and compete to become better versions of ourselves. Don't wait — make it happen today!
Students' Union
六、读后续写:如何用单元词汇续写 “拼搏”主题
“拼搏”是读后续写的高频主题,情感递进四步法,融入本单元词汇:
第一步:训练之苦(用 sweat, gym, work out)
Every morning, he would work out in the gym until his T-shirt was soaked with sweat. His muscles ached, but he never skipped a single day.
第二步:挫折与坚持(用 track, come along, fit)
He tracked his daily performance carefully, but progress wasn't coming along as expected. He doubted whether he was fit for the competition at all.
第三步:转机与突破(用 work out 的“进展顺利”义)
Just when he was about to give up, his coach told him, "Trust the process. Everything will work out." Those words ignited his determination once again.
第四步:成功与感悟(用 event, stadium)
On the day of the final event, the stadium was packed with cheering crowds. As he stepped onto the track, he realized that the true victory was not about winning, but about never backing down. His sweat had finally paid off.
七、读后续写主题范文:《坚持与成功》
题目场景设定:李华是一名高中田径运动员,在一次重要比赛中意外受伤,医生建议他放弃训练。但他凭借顽强的毅力,最终重返赛场并取得了成功。
范文
Li Hua had always been a talented athlete. As the captain of his school's track team, he had won several medals in provincial championships. Everyone believed he would make it to the national games. But fate had other plans.
During a training session, he fell and badly injured his ankle. The doctor told him that he might never run again. "You'd better give up track and field," the doctor said gently. For days, Li Hua lay in bed, feeling his dream fall apart. He lost heart and even stopped talking to his teammates.
One evening, his coach visited him and said, "Do you remember what your idol said? 'True strength comes not from winning, but from getting up after every fall.' You've always been a fighter. Don't let this failure define you."
Those words struck him like lightning. Li Hua made up his mind — he would master his body again, step by step. He started with simple stretches, then slowly moved to jogging, and finally returned to the track. Every morning, he worked out with determination, sweating through the pain. He also cut out junk food and kept a balanced diet to stay slim and fit. Now and then, he felt like giving up, but he remembered his coach's words and kept going.
Six months later, Li Hua stood at the starting line of the provincial event. The stadium was packed with an excited audience. He took a deep breath and told himself, "Even if I don't win, I've already won the battle within." The gun fired. He ran with all his strength — graceful, powerful, and free. When he crossed the finish line, he didn't just win a gold medal; he won back his confidence.
After the race, he hugged his coach and said, "Thank you. You taught me that success is not final, failure is not fatal— it's a new beginning. And now I know, everything makes sense when you never lose heart."
His coach smiled, "You've set an example for everyone, Li Hua. Your story will become a legend."
范文亮点句解析
1.开头悬念:But fate had other plans. —— 简练转折,引起阅读兴趣。
2.动作细节链:stretches → jogging → track —— 恢复过程有层次感。
3.心理递进:lost heart → made up his mind → told himself —— 内心变化完整。
4.主题句:"Success is not final, failure is not fatal..." —— 引用名言提升深度。
5.结尾双关:"Your story will become a legend." —— 呼应词汇,升华主题。
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