高考英语综合训练卷 A31 -2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 以真实情境为载体，整合语言能力与思维品质，通过题型-方法-素养三维度构建系统性训练体系。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|15题|细节定位、逻辑推理、主旨归纳|以自然观察、文化保护等主题串联信息获取与批判性思维，强化语篇分析能力| |完形填空|15题|上下文呼应、词汇辨析、情感线索|通过叙事逻辑构建语言知识与生活经验的联系，提升语境应用能力| |语法填空|10题|非谓语动词、时态语态、虚词搭配|聚焦语法规则在真实语篇中的运用，形成"规则-语境-应用"的逻辑链| |写作|2题|应用文格式、续写情节连贯|结合"声音地图""数据修正"情境，融合文化意识与思维表达，落实语言输出能力|

原创高考英语综合训练卷 A31 学科：高中英语 总分：120 考试时间：100 分钟 版本：V1 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A CITY NIGHT WALK — PARTICIPANT GUIDE introduces teenagers to urban wildlife after sunset. Small groups follow trained leaders through two public parks and record sounds, tracks and animal activity. The walk is observational, so participants must not feed wildlife or play recorded calls. The early route runs from 19:00 to 20:15 and is suitable for ages twelve to fifteen. The longer route runs from 20:30 to 22:00 and is limited to participants aged sixteen or above. Both routes begin at the East Gate shelter, where attendance and emergency contacts are checked. Wear closed shoes and bring a light waterproof jacket. Leaders provide red-filtered torches because ordinary white beams can disturb animals and reduce night vision. Phones may be carried for emergencies but should remain silent and inside a bag during observation stops. A booking can be cancelled online until 16:00 on the event day. If heavy rain creates unsafe paths, organisers will send a cancellation message by 17:30 and offer places on the next available walk. Light rain alone does not cancel the event, so participants should check messages before travelling. 21. Who may join the longer night walk? A. a fourteen-year-old carrying a red torch B. a fifteen-year-old accompanied by a parent C. a seventeen-year-old registered participant D. a twelve-year-old with wildlife experience 22. Why do leaders provide red-filtered torches? A. to protect animals and participants' night vision B. to make wildlife tracks appear larger in photographs C. to replace the need for waterproof clothing D. to signal that phones may be used at observation stops 23. What should participants do when light rain is forecast? A. assume that both routes have been cancelled B. travel immediately without checking any message C. wait for a replacement booking from organisers D. check event messages before setting out B When musician Daniel Reyes moved away from his mountain village, he discovered that memory often returned through sound. The click of a shop door reminded him of his grandfather's workshop, while a particular bus engine recalled early school mornings. Years later, he returned with recording equipment, intending to create a short personal composition. Villagers soon suggested sounds he had overlooked: water moving through an old irrigation gate, dice striking a wooden game board and the call used by a street seller. Daniel realised that the project should not be controlled by his memories alone. He held listening meetings where residents chose recordings, identified places and explained why a sound mattered. The result became an online sound map rather than a finished album. Each recording included a date, location and short account from a resident. When the irrigation gate was replaced, Daniel kept both the old sound and the quieter new one. The pair did more than encourage nostalgia; it documented a material change in village life. Daniel now trains students to add to the map. He warns them that recording someone else's voice requires permission and that a microphone never captures a place completely. Background noise, timing and the recordist's position all shape what is heard. The map's value lies not in pretending to preserve everything, but in making selected memories available for future conversation. 24. Why did Daniel change his personal composition into a sound map? A. Residents contributed important sounds and meanings he had missed. B. The village council refused to allow music to be published. C. Students asked him to remove every recording from his childhood. D. Modern equipment could not combine the sounds into one album. 25. What did keeping both irrigation-gate recordings achieve? A. It proved that the newer gate had been badly designed. B. It documented how a physical part of village life changed. C. It allowed listeners to identify the loudest resident voice. D. It removed the need to attach dates and locations to recordings. 26. What limitation of sound recording does Daniel emphasise? A. A microphone cannot capture a place without selection and perspective. B. Online maps cannot contain recordings made by school students. C. Background noise should always be removed from historical records. D. Permission is unnecessary when voices are recorded in public places. 27. Why must researchers distinguish among termite species? A. All species build mounds with exactly the same ventilation system. B. Different building behaviours can produce different cooling processes. C. Only one species changes its mound after construction is complete. D. Species identity determines whether computer models are permitted. C Engineers increasingly study structures made by animals, but the aim is rarely to copy their appearance. A bird's nest or termite mound is the result of materials, climate and behaviour working together. Researchers therefore ask which underlying process might solve a human design problem. Termite mounds are often associated with passive cooling. Yet different termite species build differently, and a mound does not function like a single universal air-conditioning system. Some rely on daily temperature changes, while others use networks of openings that workers continually modify. Treating all mounds as identical can produce elegant explanations that are biologically false. A productive study begins with measurement. Researchers track temperature, airflow and gas levels while also observing changes made by the insects. Computer models can then test which features influence ventilation under particular conditions. The model is useful not because it creates a perfect digital termite mound, but because it separates competing explanations. This approach offers a lesson beyond architecture. Biological inspiration is strongest when admiration is followed by disciplined inquiry. Nature provides tested examples, not ready-made instructions. Designers must identify the relevant mechanism, understand its limits and adapt it to different materials and scales. Copying a shape is easy; translating a process responsibly is the real creative work. 28. What does “separates competing explanations” mean in paragraph 3? A. The model tests which proposed mechanisms fit the measurements. B. The model keeps biologists and architects in different teams. C. The insects are moved into separate experimental mounds. D. The airflow is prevented from mixing with other gases. 29. According to the passage, what is the real creative work in biological inspiration? A. reproducing an animal structure at a larger scale B. selecting the most attractive natural shape C. adapting a understood mechanism responsibly D. avoiding measurement until a design is finished 30. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Nature should replace engineering experiments whenever a natural example is available. B. Animal structures provide mechanisms to investigate, not shapes to copy blindly. C. Termite mounds are universal models for air-conditioning systems. D. Computer simulations make biological observation unnecessary. 31. What problem can arise when a convenient measure becomes the target? A. People may improve the number while weakening the true purpose. B. The measure immediately becomes mathematically inaccurate in every later report. C. Organisations lose all evidence about unequal outcomes. D. Participants always stop responding to rewards. D People often measure an activity in order to improve it. A reader counts pages, a runner tracks kilometres, and a support team records response time. Measurements can reveal patterns that memory misses, but they can also reshape the behaviour they are meant to describe. The problem appears when a convenient measure becomes the target itself. If a reading programme rewards only pages completed, participants may select unusually easy books or skim difficult passages. The number rises while the deeper goal—thoughtful reading—may weaken. The measure has not become inaccurate; it has become incomplete and overly influential. Removing all measurement is not the solution. Without evidence, organisations may rely on confident impressions and fail to notice unequal outcomes. A better approach combines indicators and periodically checks whether behaviour is adapting to them. Page totals might be considered alongside discussion quality, book variety and readers' own reflections. Good measurement therefore requires humility. An indicator is a window, not the entire landscape. It should support judgment rather than replace it, and it should be revised when people learn to perform for the number instead of the purpose. The most valuable question is not simply “Did the score improve?” but “What changed in order to make it improve?” 32. Why does the author reject removing all measurement? A. It would make convenient indicators more influential. B. It would prevent organisations from relying on any judgment. C. Evidence is needed to challenge impressions and reveal outcomes. D. Readers cannot reflect unless page totals are published. 33. What is the author's attitude towards measurement? A. completely opposed B. cautiously favourable C. unquestioningly approving D. largely indifferent 34. What does the metaphor “a window, not the entire landscape” suggest? A. An indicator offers a limited view rather than complete reality. B. Every measurement should describe a physical location in precise visual detail. C. A score becomes useful only when displayed visually. D. Observers should avoid comparing indicators over time. 35. Which practice does the author recommend? A. rewarding a single indicator more strongly B. combining measures and checking behavioural responses C. replacing evidence with experienced managers' impressions D. keeping an indicator unchanged after people adapt to it 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A neighbourhood sound survey can reveal how a place changes through the day. It does not require expensive equipment, but it does require consistent decisions. Choose a clear question before recording anything. ____36____ A focused purpose determines where, when and how often observations should be made. Select several fixed listening points and mark them on a map. ____37____ Returning to the same locations makes observations from different times easier to compare. At each point, listen quietly before writing. ____38____ This pause helps you notice distant or repeated sounds that a quick first impression may miss. Record context as well as the sound itself. ____39____ Weather, nearby construction or an unusual crowd may explain why one observation differs from another. When sharing the results, protect people's privacy. ____40____ Describe patterns in public activity without publishing an identifiable private conversation. A. Remain there for a fixed period rather than moving immediately. B. For example, you might investigate how traffic sound changes after school. C. A single recording can represent every season accurately. D. Note the time, conditions and any temporary event nearby. E. Ask participants to speak loudly so that every word is captured. F. Use labels or coordinates precise enough to find each point again. G. Collect only the information needed for the research question. 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Arun had promised to help his younger cousin Meera enter the community kite festival. They built a light blue kite, but during its first test the frame twisted and the paper ____41____ along one edge. Meera stared at the damage and said they should buy a new one. Arun was disappointed too, yet he noticed that the tear began exactly where a thick knot pressed against the paper. He suggested that they first ____42____ why the frame had failed. They placed the kite on the floor and compared its two sides. One bamboo strip was slightly shorter, pulling the frame out of ____43____. Arun had cut it in a hurry and had never measured it again. Rather than hide the mistake, he showed Meera how a small difference could become ____44____ when the wind added force. They replaced the strip and tied flatter knots. There was not enough blue paper to cover the whole kite, so Meera chose a bright yellow patch. At first Arun feared it would look ____45____, but she shaped the patch like a rising sun and repeated the colour on the tail. The next test brought only a weak breeze. The kite lifted briefly, then ____46____ onto the grass. Meera wanted to pull harder, but Arun asked her to wait for a steadier wind. They watched nearby trees until the leaves began moving in the same ____47____. This time Meera ran while Arun gradually ____48____ the line. The kite climbed above the field, and the yellow patch became the easiest part to see. Their earlier failure had not disappeared; it had become part of the design. On festival day, several professionally made kites flew higher. Meera's kite, however, received a special ____49____ for creative repair. When a judge asked about the yellow sun, she openly described the torn edge and the uneven frame. Arun expected her to feel embarrassed, but she sounded ____50____. She explained that rebuilding had taught her more than buying a replacement would have done. The judge agreed and asked whether she could ____51____ the repair method to other children. Meera demonstrated how to compare frame lengths and keep knots away from thin paper. Soon a small group was testing damaged kites at a spare table. Arun stepped back, pleased that his mistake had become something ____52____. As the afternoon ended, the cousins did not measure success only by height. Their kite had survived, but more importantly, Meera had gained the ____53____ to examine a problem instead of abandoning it. She carefully rolled up the line and saved the yellow patch as a ____54____ that a visible repair need not be a weakness. Sometimes, it could be the part that helped an idea ____55____. 41. A. shone B. dried C. tore D. folded 42. A. understand B. hide C. repeat D. forget 43. A. order B. reach C. date D. balance 44. A. invisible B. significant C. temporary D. familiar 45. A. expensive B. traditional C. untidy D. empty 46. A. escaped B. turned C. rushed D. dropped 47. A. direction B. season C. field D. distance 48. A. measured B. released C. repaired D. painted 49. A. warning B. task C. award D. ticket 50. A. confused B. silent C. impatient D. proud 51. A. demonstrate B. sell C. compare D. mail 52. A. private B. useful C. ordinary D. accidental 53. A. permission B. material C. confidence D. chance 54. A. payment B. secret C. challenge D. reminder 55. A. rise B. wait C. return D. compete 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For years, a small telescope stood unused in a village school. It had been donated by a former student, but no teacher felt confident enough ____56____ (operate) it. Last winter, an astronomy club in a nearby town offered ____57____ (help). Club members cleaned the lenses and created a guide ____58____ simple diagrams. They also trained two teachers, who then practised setting up the telescope ____59____ (they). By spring, the equipment was ready for ____60____ first public observing night. Clouds covered most of the sky that evening, ____61____ the visitors stayed. Students used models to explain the Moon's phases until a gap appeared. The telescope ____62____ (turn) towards the Moon, and each child was given time to look. Since then, monthly sessions ____63____ (hold) whenever weather permits. The school has also begun exchanging observations with other villages. What once seemed too technical has become a ____64____ (share) resource, largely because the club taught people how to use it ____65____ (independent). 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 假定你是李华，你校将举办“校园声音地图”制作活动。请给交换生Emma写一封邮件邀请她参加，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.参与方式；3.集合时间和地点。注意：写作词数应为80左右。 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Four students were preparing a short presentation about local water use. Tessa and Mark spoke quickly and filled the planning sheet with ideas, while Rui quietly arranged the survey results into a table. Because he rarely interrupted, the others assumed he had little to add. During rehearsal, their teacher asked why household water use had fallen sharply on one particular day. Tessa guessed that the weather had changed, and Mark suggested a problem with the meter. Rui looked at the table but said nothing before the group rushed to the next slide. That evening, Rui checked the original survey forms. He discovered that half the families had submitted their answers a day late, so the apparent fall was caused by missing data. He wrote a short note with the corrected chart and brought it to the classroom the next morning. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 67. Paragraph 1: Rui placed the corrected chart in the centre of the table. Paragraph 2: This time, when the group rehearsed, Tessa paused at the unusual data point. 答案与解析 21. 标准答案：C 解析：指南说明20:30的较长路线仅限16岁及以上参加者。 正确选项正文为“a seventeen-year-old registered participant”；按最终选项位置，第21题选C。 22. 标准答案：A 解析：红光手电可减少对动物的干扰并保护夜视能力。 正确选项正文为“to protect animals and participants' night vision”；按最终选项位置，第22题选A。 23. 标准答案：D 解析：指南说明小雨本身不取消活动，参加者出发前应查看消息。 正确选项正文为“check event messages before setting out”；按最终选项位置，第23题选D。 24. 标准答案：A 解析：居民提出他忽略的声音并解释其意义，使项目从个人记忆扩展为共同参与的声音地图。 正确选项正文为“Residents contributed important sounds and meanings he had missed.”；按最终选项位置，第24题选A。 25. 标准答案：B 解析：新旧声音并置记录了灌溉门更换这一物质变化，而不仅是怀旧。 正确选项正文为“It documented how a physical part of village life changed.”；按最终选项位置，第25题选B。 26. 标准答案：A 解析：他强调时间、背景声和录音者位置都会塑造结果，录音不可能完整捕捉一个地方。 正确选项正文为“A microphone cannot capture a place without selection and perspective.”；按最终选项位置，第26题选A。 27. 标准答案：B 解析：不同白蚁种类建造方式和通风机制不同，笼统处理会产生生物学错误。 正确选项正文为“Different building behaviours can produce different cooling processes.”；按最终选项位置，第27题选B。 28. 标准答案：A 解析：模型通过特定条件测试不同机制，从而区分相互竞争的解释。 正确选项正文为“The model tests which proposed mechanisms fit the measurements.”；按最终选项位置，第28题选A。 29. 标准答案：C 解析：末段明确指出真正的创造工作是理解机制及限制，并将其负责任地适配新材料和尺度。 正确选项正文为“adapting a understood mechanism responsibly”；按最终选项位置，第29题选C。 30. 标准答案：B 解析：全文论证仿生设计应研究自然结构背后的机制与边界，而非照搬外形。 正确选项正文为“Animal structures provide mechanisms to investigate, not shapes to copy blindly.”；按最终选项位置，第30题选B。 31. 标准答案：A 解析：页数成为目标后，人们可能选简单书或略读，使数字上升但深度阅读减弱。 正确选项正文为“People may improve the number while weakening the true purpose.”；按最终选项位置，第31题选A。 32. 标准答案：C 解析：没有测量会依赖主观印象并遗漏不平等结果，因此不能完全取消。 正确选项正文为“Evidence is needed to challenge impressions and reveal outcomes.”；按最终选项位置，第32题选C。 33. 标准答案：B 解析：作者认可测量揭示规律的作用，同时强调其不完整和行为扭曲风险，态度审慎肯定。 正确选项正文为“cautiously favourable”；按最终选项位置，第33题选B。 34. 标准答案：A 解析：比喻强调指标只提供局部观察窗口，不能替代对完整目标的判断。 正确选项正文为“An indicator offers a limited view rather than complete reality.”；按最终选项位置，第34题选A。 35. 标准答案：B 解析：作者建议组合多个指标并定期检查行为是否为迎合指标而改变。 正确选项正文为“combining measures and checking behavioural responses”；按最终选项位置，第35题选B。 36. 标准答案：B 解析：本段要求先确定清晰问题，所选项以放学后交通声变化为聚焦问题示例。 正确选项正文为“For example, you might investigate how traffic sound changes after school.”；按最终选项位置，第36题选B。 37. 标准答案：F 解析：本段要求固定听音点，所选项提出用标签或坐标准确复现位置。 正确选项正文为“Use labels or coordinates precise enough to find each point again.”；按最终选项位置，第37题选F。 38. 标准答案：A 解析：本段要求先安静聆听，所选项说明应固定停留而非立刻移动，后句解释其观察价值。 正确选项正文为“Remain there for a fixed period rather than moving immediately.”；按最终选项位置，第38题选A。 39. 标准答案：D 解析：本段要求同时记录背景，所选项列出时间、天气和临时事件等关键情境。 正确选项正文为“Note the time, conditions and any temporary event nearby.”；按最终选项位置，第39题选D。 40. 标准答案：G 解析：本段强调隐私，所选项要求只收集研究所需信息，后句进一步禁止发布可识别私密对话。 正确选项正文为“Collect only the information needed for the research question.”；按最终选项位置，第40题选G。 41. 标准答案：C 解析：首次试飞时纸在边缘撕裂，tore与damage和后文tear对应。 正确选项正文为“tore”；按最终选项位置，第41题选C。 42. 标准答案：A 解析：他们先分析框架为何失败，而不是立刻替换，understand符合证据导向。 正确选项正文为“understand”；按最终选项位置，第42题选A。 43. 标准答案：D 解析：一侧竹条较短使框架失去平衡，out of balance搭配准确。 正确选项正文为“balance”；按最终选项位置，第43题选D。 44. 标准答案：B 解析：小尺寸差异在风力作用下会变得显著，解释失效原因。 正确选项正文为“significant”；按最终选项位置，第44题选B。 45. 标准答案：C 解析：补丁颜色不同使Arun担心外观凌乱，后文通过太阳造型化解。 正确选项正文为“untidy”；按最终选项位置，第45题选C。 46. 标准答案：D 解析：弱风中风筝短暂升起后落到草地，dropped符合动作链。 正确选项正文为“dropped”；按最终选项位置，第46题选D。 47. 标准答案：A 解析：观察树叶朝同一方向移动以判断稳定风向。 正确选项正文为“direction”；按最终选项位置，第47题选A。 48. 标准答案：B 解析：Meera跑动时Arun逐渐放线，released the line符合放飞操作。 正确选项正文为“released”；按最终选项位置，第48题选B。 49. 标准答案：C 解析：风筝因创意修补获得特别奖项，award与评委语境对应。 正确选项正文为“award”；按最终选项位置，第49题选C。 50. 标准答案：D 解析：她坦然讲述失败且分享所得，表现自豪而非尴尬。 正确选项正文为“proud”；按最终选项位置，第50题选D。 51. 标准答案：A 解析：评委请她向其他孩子演示修补方法，后句demonstrated直接照应。 正确选项正文为“demonstrate”；按最终选项位置，第51题选A。 52. 标准答案：B 解析：错误转化为可供他人学习的方法，因而变得有用。 正确选项正文为“useful”；按最终选项位置，第52题选B。 53. 标准答案：C 解析：她获得分析问题而非放弃的信心，confidence符合成长主题。 正确选项正文为“confidence”；按最终选项位置，第53题选C。 54. 标准答案：D 解析：保存黄色补丁作为提醒，reminder后接that从句自然。 正确选项正文为“reminder”；按最终选项位置，第54题选D。 55. 标准答案：A 解析：可见修补反而帮助想法升起，既呼应风筝上升又概括成长。 正确选项正文为“rise”；按最终选项位置，第55题选A。 56. 标准答案：to operate 解析：feel confident enough to do sth，填to operate。 第56题标准答案为“to operate”。 57. 标准答案：to help 解析：offer to do sth，填to help。 第57题标准答案为“to help”。 58. 标准答案：with 解析：with表示指南配有简单图示，填with。 第58题标准答案为“with”。 59. 标准答案：themselves 解析：主语teachers亲自练习安装，需反身代词themselves。 第59题标准答案为“themselves”。 60. 标准答案：the 解析：此处特指学校第一次公开观测之夜，序数意义前用the。 第60题标准答案为“the”。 61. 标准答案：but 解析：前后为云层覆盖与访客仍留下的转折，填but。 第61题标准答案为“but”。 62. 标准答案：was turned 解析：telescope与turn为被动关系，叙述当晚过去动作，填was turned。 第62题标准答案为“was turned”。 63. 标准答案：have been held 解析：since then要求现在完成时，sessions与hold为被动关系且主语复数，填have been held。 第63题标准答案为“have been held”。 64. 标准答案：shared 解析：修饰resource需形容词shared，表示共同使用的资源。 第64题标准答案为“shared”。 65. 标准答案：independently 解析：修饰use需副词independently。 第65题标准答案为“independently”。 66. 参考范文：Dear Emma, Our school is creating a sound map to record how different parts of the campus change during the day. Would you like to join us? Working in small groups, we will visit several fixed locations, listen quietly for two minutes and note the sounds as well as the time and conditions. Your experience as an exchange student may help us notice sounds that local students take for granted. We will meet at 4:10 p.m. this Friday outside the library and finish within an hour. Yours, Li Hua 写作指导：写作应完整回应全部内容要点，格式与语域得体，信息具体且衔接自然；参考范文仅供评分，不要求逐字一致。 67. 参考范文：Rui placed the corrected chart in the centre of the table. He explained how the late forms had created an artificial drop and showed the submission dates beside the figures. Tessa and Mark fell silent, realising that they had rushed past both the evidence and their teammate. Mark apologised and asked Rui to check the remaining slides. Together they added a note about incomplete responses and replaced their dramatic claim with a more accurate conclusion. This time, when the group rehearsed, Tessa paused at the unusual data point. Instead of supplying an instant explanation, she invited Rui to describe the checking process. He spoke quietly but clearly, and the corrected chart made the lesson easy to follow. Their teacher praised not only the final analysis but also the team's willingness to revise it. Afterwards, the students agreed on a new rule: before moving on, each member would be asked what the evidence might be missing. Rui had corrected one graph, but his careful work also changed how the whole team listened. 写作指导：续写须紧接两段首句推进情节，人物反应符合原文，问题解决建立在证据、沟通与合作上，结尾积极且不过度拔高。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $