Unit 3 Conservation（复习讲义）英语北师大版选择性必修一册

该高中英语复习讲义通过表格梳理与分层整合构建“Relationship”单元知识体系，涵盖词汇、语法及听、说、读、看、写技能要点。以“知识点+即时小练”形式呈现6个核心词汇，用分类说明与例句解析限制性和非限制性定语从句，突出过去完成时用法与邀请信写作的重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“基础巩固-能力提升”的阶梯式练习设计，如词汇完成句子、语法翻译题等即时小练夯实语言能力，书面表达“保护野生动物”演讲稿任务培养思维品质。不同层次练习满足差异化需求，助力学生自主复习，为教师提供精准教学支持。

北师大版选择性必修第一册Relationship（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 通过听、说、读、看、写等活动，了解人际关系，并能讨论和人际关系相关的话题； 2. 合理使用听力策略，理解说话者表达的情感态度； 3. 使用所学语言表达观点，并在讨论中交流观点； 4. 使用所学语言写一封正式的邀请信。 复习重难点 重点：过去完成时用法 难点：应用文邀请信的写作。 单元词汇 知识点1：switch 原句：We definitely need to switch to different forms of power as soon as possible. 我们确实需要尽快转用不同形式的能源。 【双语释义】 switch ◆vt. & vi. to change or make sth change from one thing to another (使) 转变，改变 My mother’s interest had switched to my health. 我母亲的关注点已转移到我的健康上来了。 ◆n. a small device that you press or move up and down in order to turn a light or piece of electrical equipment on and off（电路的）开关，闸，转换器 Leona put some detergent into the dishwasher, shut the door, and pressed the switch. Leona 在洗碗机里放了些清洁剂，关上门，然后按下开关。 【积累拓展】 switch on 接通；打开 switch off（用开关）关掉；切断 (电源) switch over 换台；换频道 【即时小练】 完成句子 1. 他在转行从事新闻工作前是图书管理员。 He worked as a librarian before __________________________ journalism. 2. 他倒空了他们俩的玻璃杯，然后打开了电水壶。 He emptied both their glasses and __________________________ the electric kettle. 3. 你离开时请把灯关掉。 Please __________________________ the lights when you leave. 4. 为了保持健康，你可以转为在早上或午间锻炼。 To keep fit, you can _________________________ _ 【答案】 1. switching to 2. switched on 3. switch off 4. switch to morning or lunchtime exercise 知识点2：varied 原句：The reasons for extinctions are varied. 灭绝的原因各不相同。 【双语释义】 varied adj. of many different types 各种各样的，形形色色的 The responsibilities of government are many, and they are varied. 政府有很多职责，而且各不相同。 【积累拓展】 ◆同根词 (1) various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的 There are various courses open to us. 我们有多种处理方法可采取。 (2) variety n.（同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 She uses a variety of different colours and textures in her wall hangings. 她悬挂的帷幔色彩和质地多种多样。 (3) vary vi.（大小、形状等）相异，不同，有别；（根据情况）变化，变更，改变 Children vary considerably in the rate at which they learn these lessons. 孩子们学习这些课的速度差别相当大。 ◆常用搭配 a variety of 各种各样的 ◆用法提示 (1)“a variety of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (2)“the variety of + 复数名词” 意为 “…… 的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 【即时小练】 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1. Opinions on this matter vary _____________ person _____________ person. 2. The variety of his novels _____________ (be) astonishing. 3. A variety of dictionaries _____________ (be) on the desk. 4. The prices of some vegetables vary _____________ the season. 5. The goods in the market vary _____________ size, colour and price. 6. Many people were absent for _____________ (vary) reasons. 完成句子 7. 有多种理由支持我的观点，即学生不应该把手机带到校园。 There are _____________ reasons in favour of my opinion that students should not take mobile phones to campus. 【答案】 1. from; to 2. is 3. are 4. with 5. in 6. various 7. a variety of/various 知识点3：affect 原句：It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. 显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。 【双语释义】 affect vt. ◆to produce a change in sb/sth 影响 Nicotine affects the functioning of the heart and arteries. 尼古丁对心脏和动脉功能有负面影响。 ◆to make sb have strong feelings of sadness, pity, etc.（感情上）深深打动；使悲伤（或怜悯等） They were affected by the news of her death. 她去世的消息使他们唏嘘不已。 【积累拓展】 ◆同根词 affection n. [U] 喜爱；钟爱 effect n. [C,U] 效应；影响；结果 ◆常用搭配 be affected by… 被…… 感动；受…… 影响 / 侵袭 be of no effect 无效的；无用的 bring/put sth into effect 使生效；实行；实施 come into effect（尤指法律、规则等）生效；开始实施 have an effect on… 对…… 产生影响 take effect 开始起作用；见效 【即时小练】 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1. Trees themselves also have _____________ effect on the climate. 2. Even below the drink-driving limit, driving will _____________ (affect). 3. Around 540 million people _____________ (affect) by second-hand smoke, which causes 100,000 deaths per year. 4. Do you know the effect his parents’ behaviour has had _____________ the child? 写作升级 (用过去分词短语作状语改写) 5. He was affected by the failure in the maths exam and lost heart. __________________________, he lost heart. 【答案】 1. an 2. be affected 3. are affected 4. on 5. Affected by the failure in the maths exam 知识点4：wasteful 原句：I understand that, but in this case it’s completely wasteful and unnecessary. 我理解，但在这种情况下，这是完全浪费并且没有必要的。 【双语释义】 wasteful adj. using more of sth than is necessary; not saving or keeping sth that could be used 浪费的；挥霍的 The whole process is wasteful and inefficient. 整个程序既浪费又低效。 【积累拓展】 ◆同根词 waste vt. & n. 浪费；滥用 Why waste money on clothes you don’t need? 为什么浪费钱买你不需要的衣服呢？ You are wasting your time trying to explain it to him. 你跟他解释是在浪费时间。 ◆常用搭配 waste time/money on… 在…… 上浪费时间 / 金钱 waste time/money (in) doing… 浪费时间 / 金钱做…… waste your breath 白费唇舌 【即时小练】 完成句子 1. 这些会议完全是浪费时间。 These meetings are a complete _____________. 2. 把好的食物扔掉太浪费了。 It is _____________ to throw good food away. 【答案】 1. waste of time 2. such a waste 知识点5：be to blame 原句：This time, human activity will be to blame. 这一次，人类活动是主要原因。 【双语释义】 blame vt. to think or say that sb/sth is responsible for sth bad 把…… 归咎于；责怪；指责 n. [U] responsibility for doing sth badly or wrongly; saying that sb is responsible for sth（坏事或错事的）责任；责备；指责 【积累拓展】 ◆常用搭配 (1) blame sb for sth 因某事而责备某人 blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人 / 某事 be to blame (for sth)（对坏事）负有责任 (2) accept/bear/get/take the blame for… 对…… 负责 lay/put the blame for sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人身上 ◆词语辨析 词汇 用法 blame “责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于”，常用于 blame sb for sth 及 blame sth on sb charge “控告；谴责”，常用于 charge sb with (doing) sth“指控某人 (做了) 某事” accuse “控告，指控；指责，谴责”，常用于 accuse sb of (doing) sth“指控某人 (做了) 某事” 【即时小练】 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1. Who is _____________ (blame) for starting the fire? 2. Don’t put the blame _____________ him; after all, he is only a green hand. 3. I am ready to take the blame _____________ the terrible mistake. 用 blame/charge/accuse 的适当形式填空 4. She was said to have been _____________ with drunk driving. 5. I was told that he was _____________ of murder. 6. It is obvious that you are to _____________ for the accident. 【答案】 1. to blame 2. on 3. for 4. charged 5. accused 6. blame 知识点6：be at risk of dying out 原句：Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. 当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多物种，我们也有可能濒临灭绝。 【积累拓展】 (1) at the risk of doing sth 冒着…… 的风险 be at risk (of) 处境危险，受到威胁 take a risk/risks (to do sth) 冒险 (做某事) run the risk (of sth/of doing sth) 冒…… 的危险；冒险 (做某事) run risks 冒险 (2) risk doing sth 冒险做某事 【即时小练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1. There is still _____________ risk that the whole deal will fall through. 2. _____________ the risk of showing my ignorance, how exactly does the Internet work? 3. . We’ve been advised not to risk _____________ (travel) in these conditions. 完成句子 4. 他们的孩子患此病的风险很高。 Their children _____________ of developing the disease __________________________ 5. 他们冒着生命危险，阻止了一次严重的铁路事故。 They prevented a serious railway accident __________________________ their own lives. 【答案】 1. a 2. At 3. travelling 4. are at high risk 5. at the risk of 知识点4：话题词汇拓展 1. agenda n. 计划，方案；（会议的）议程表，议事日程 2. amuse vt.（提供）消遣，（使）娱乐；逗笑，逗乐 3. atmosphere n. 气氛，氛围，环境；大气；气体；空气 4. ecology n. 生态，生态学 5. extremely adv. 极度，极其 6. favour (NAmE-vor) n. 支持，赞同；帮助，好事；恩惠 vt. 较喜欢，选择；偏袒；有利于 7. fee n.（加入组织或做某事付的）费；报酬 8. incredible adj. 极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的 9. intense adj. 很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情（或意见、想法）的，热切的；激烈的 10. internal adj. 内部的；国内的；内心的 11. mineral n. 矿物质，矿物 12. nature n. 大自然；自然；天性 13. particular adj. 特别的；特定的；讲究的 14. prohibit vt.（尤指以法令）禁止；阻止 15. urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的 单元语法：：限制性和非限制性定语从句 定语从句两种类型说明 限制性定语从句：修饰先行词，从句和主句联系紧密，用来限定、识别先行词是哪个人/事物； 非限制性定语从句：对先行词做额外补充说明，去掉后主句意思依然完整，要用逗号和主句隔开。 1. 限制性定语从句 例句： The girl who is playing tennis is my friend. This is the place where I lived last year. She still remembers the time when she noticed the car was missing. They are the people whose houses caught fire. 2. 非限制性定语从句 例句： My friend, who is playing tennis, comes from Ethiopia. The accident, which happened yesterday, has led to three deaths. The building, where an important conference is being held, is in the centre of the city. The professor gave me a lot of advice, which I benefited a lot. 难点提示 1. 非限制性定语从句的关系代词which可以指代整个主句 例句： It is snowing heavily, which makes children feel excited. The river is seriously polluted, which has caught much public attention. 2. most of/which、many of 型非限制性定语从句 能用于这类结构的限定词：many, some, all, several, few, both, half, the majority, the number, percentages 以及代词 it；常见搭配还有 in the middle of, at the bottom of, at the top of, at the foot of 等。 例句： He has designed many captivating questions in his class, most of which are very inspiring. He works in a middle school, in front of which there is a river. 3. as引导的非限制性定语从句 as可在从句中作主语、表语或宾语，指代整个主句，位置灵活：可放主句前、主句中、主句后； 固定搭配：as is announced/reported/imagined/known；若从句谓语为happen, occur这类表事态的动词，常用which；若主句谓语是be said/known这类表达，多用as。 例句： As we all know, Tom studies very hard.（as指代整个句子，作从句宾语） As is known to all, she is the best worker in our class.（as指代整个句子，作从句主语） 4. 关系代词选用规则 先行词指人时： - 从句作主语/定语：用who/whose - 从句作宾语：用whom/who/that 先行词指物时：从句作主/宾/定语，用which/that/whose ⚠️ 非限制性定语从句不能用that 例句： This is the car which/that is recommended.（which/that从句作主语） I like the book (which/that) you recommended yesterday.（which/that从句作宾语，可省略） I have a house whose cover is blue.（whose从句作定语，修饰cover） The woman whom they wanted to interview is a teacher.（whom从句作宾语） The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.（who/that从句作主语） This is the place where I was born.（where从句作地点状语，相当于in which） I work in a business where almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.（where作地点状语，相当于in which） Extinctions, when entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in Earth's history.（when作时间状语） I remember the day when I first met Alison.（when作时间状语，相当于on which） Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me?（why作原因状语，相当于for which） 【即时小练】 1. 用适当的关系代词、关系副词或“介词+关系代词”填空 1) The award was given to Sara, ______ short story impressed the judges. 2) I’ll never forget the day ______ my best friend and I spent celebrating my birthday. 3) After the storm, the road was too slippery, ______ caused lots of accidents. 4) I have found the very shop ______ has everything we need. 5) The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that village. 6) I can’t imagine the reason ______ he turned down my offer. 7) The sun gives us heat and light, ______ we can’t live. 8) Many young people, most ______ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 9) Jack, ______ is retired now, spends a lot of time with his grandchildren. 10) Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually. 2. 翻译下列句子 1) 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 ________________________________________________________ 2) 这种书是给母语是汉语的儿童看的。 ________________________________________________________ 3) 很多国家已经建立了国家公园，动物和植物在那儿可以被很好地保护。 ________________________________________________________ 4) 曾有那么一段时间，我的小弟弟迷上了玩电脑游戏。 ________________________________________________________ 5) 他写了很多小说，其中很多已经被翻译成了外语。 ________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. 用适当的关系代词、关系副词或介词+关系代词填空。 1）whose 2）that/which 3）which 4）that 5）when 6）why 7）without which 8）of whom 9）who 10）where 2. 翻译下列句子。 1) The man who is talking with the teacher is our monitor’s father. 2) This kind of book is for children whose native language is Chinese. 3) Many countries have set up national parks where animals and plants can be well protected. 4) There was a time when my little brother was addicted to playing computer games. 5) He wrote a lot of novels, many of which have been translated into foreign languages. （时间：60分钟） 1、 单词拼写 Ⅰ. 根据首字母或中文提示填写单词(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 1. She worked as a librarian before s________ to journalism. 【答案】switching 【解析】句意：转行从事新闻业之前，她曾是一名图书管理员。before在此处为介词，后接动名词；固定搭配switch to 转向、转行，故填switching。 2. Dinosaurs have been e________ for millions of years. 【答案】extinct 【解析】句意：恐龙已经灭绝数百万年了。extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的，have been extinct 构成现在完成时，故填extinct。 3. Emergency relief will be sent to the areas most a________ by the hurricane. 【答案】affected 【解析】句意：救援物资将送往受飓风影响最严重的地区。名词areas与动词affect构成被动关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，故填affected。 4. One of the computers is broken and she’s b________ it on me. 【答案】blaming 【解析】句意：其中一台电脑坏了，她正把责任推到我身上。固定搭配blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人；she’s = she is，本句为现在进行时，故填blaming。 5. The number of people who have the disease has ________（下降）significantly in recent years. 【答案】decreased/dropped 【解析】句意：近年来，患这种病的人数大幅下降。in recent years 是现在完成时标志，has后接动词过去分词；decrease / drop 均可表示下降，故填decreased/dropped。 6. You should r________ paper. We need to save the trees on Earth. 【答案】recycle 【解析】句意：你应该回收纸张。我们需要保护地球上的树木。情态动词should后接动词原形，recycle 回收利用，故填recycle。 7. The children are a________ of the danger of taking drugs. 【答案】aware 【解析】句意：孩子们清楚吸毒的危害。固定短语be aware of 意识到；知晓，故填aware。 8. This job ________（适合）me down to the ground. 【答案】suits 【解析】句意：这份工作非常适合我。主语this job为单数，句子使用一般现在时；suit sb down to the ground 十分适合某人，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填suits。 9. She was ________（渴望）to finish school and get a job. 【答案】eager 【解析】句意：她渴望完成学业然后找一份工作。固定搭配be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事，故填eager。 10. Then I attended a 5-day training course as soon as the vacation began. I was taught how to be both an i________ and entertaining tour guide. 【答案】informative 【解析】句意：假期一开始，我就参加了为期五天的培训课程。我学习如何成为一名知识丰富又风趣的导游。and连接并列形容词修饰tour guide；informative adj. 信息量大的、增长见闻的，故填informative。 2、 阅读理解 While many people prefer to buy a new dog from a breeder, another option is to adopt a rescue dog. As the Svilicics already had a healthy daughter Charlotte, they felt fortunate enough to save another life. Thus, Catherine adopted a dog and named it Khan. Catherine was hopeful this would provide valuable lessons for her baby, such as sharing, learning to love and responsibility to care for animals. They trained Khan during the first few days and everything began smoothly. Charlotte and the new dog made a habit of playing out in the backyard. However, things were different this day. They began running through the backyard grass together. That was until Khan’s temperament seemed to change dramatically. Khan began acting wildly aggressively (富于攻击性的), grabbing the baby. This was not the normal play between the two. Mouth open, Catherine watched in complete and utter shock. She watched as Khan tossed (抛) Charlotte across their lawn. What happened next alarmed Catherine and everyone present. He tightly clenched his jaws into her diaper to toss her back and forth. Therefore, with urgency, she ran to Charlotte and carried her to safety. Miraculously, her child was unharmed. While Catherine brought her baby to shelter, Khan barked madly and then collapsed. The dog began crying. No one understood what was going on! Khan was obviously not doing well. The dog continued crying and then fell lifeless. Catherine focused on the dog, watching his dying eyes and realized he had been protecting her child. It turned out that Khan was protecting Charlotte from a poisonous, dangerous snake. She used all her strength to bring the dog to her car and sped for the vet, hearing his breath slow. When the vet took over, Catherine cried and felt totally helpless, so she prayed for his recovery. The vet had to remove all the snake poison from the body. Quite a few days later, Khan was slowly getting stronger through the vet’s effort. Eventually, he made progress and the snake’s venom was removed. Actually, Khan impressed even the vet with his rapid recovery and progress. The whole family could be reunited once again with this amazing and heroic animal. Catherine was determined to protect this amazing animal as if it were her own child. 1. What caused Catherine to carry her child away from Khan? A. That Khan tossed her child back and forth. B. That Khan grabbed her child aggressively. C. That Khan tossed her child across their lawn. D. That her child played with Khan for such a long time. 2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Catherine adopted Khan to protect her child. B. Khan’s sickness was too serious to be cured. C. The child was hurt because she was treated badly. D. Khan was attacked by a snake in order to protect the child. 3. According to the passage, which word can best describe Catherine? A. Outgoing. B. Caring. C. Faithful. D. Honest. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了凯瑟琳一家收养的名为Khan的神奇狗狗，为了保护小主人，被毒蛇咬伤的感人故事。在得到治疗之后，Khan成为凯瑟琳一家不可或缺的一员。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“What happened next alarmed Catherine and everyone present. He tightly clenched his jaws into her diaper to toss her back and forth.(接下来发生的一幕让凯瑟琳吓出一声冷汗：她看到Khan死死咬住夏洛特的尿布，来回拖拽这个孩子)”可知，凯瑟琳不明白Khan的行为动机，立刻将孩子抱到安全的地方。故选A项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Catherine focused on the dog, watching his dying eyes and realized he had been protecting her child. It turned out that Khan was protecting Charlotte from a poisonous, dangerous snake.(凯瑟琳看到Khan迷离眼神，终于意识到它刚才一直在保护夏洛特免受毒蛇的侵害)”和第五段段首句“The vet had to remove all the snake poison from the body.(兽医必须将Khan体内的所有蛇毒全部清除)”可知，Khan为了保护夏洛特，被毒蛇咬伤。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Thus, Catherine adopted a dog and named it Khan.(凯瑟琳收养了一条名叫Khan的狗)”和最后一段“Catherine was determined to protect this amazing animal as if it were her own child.(凯瑟琳决心会像保护自己孩子那样保护好这只神奇的狗狗)”可知，凯瑟琳是一位非常有爱心，热爱动物的人。故选B项。 3、 完形填空 “Wow, Mubeen is your brother? He is such a wonderful kid.” My new teacher went on and on about how ____1____ Mubeen was. I am proud of my brother, but I was tired of people expecting me to be as perfect as he is. I was angry, for all the ____2____ got to me. I wanted to be known as Shameera, not as Mubeen’s sister, or worse a female copy of him. This year, Mubeen was ____3____ to Cornell University. Actually, that was a big pride for our school. I said to my brother, “Everyone is ____4____ me. But that really makes me ____5____ because even when you leave, your ____6____ will live on. I’m afraid you’re going to haunt (使苦恼) me.” Mubeen laughed and said, “Don't ____7____. I won’t haunt you. And I’m ____8____ that you’re going to be the second to go to an Ivy League university.” Recently, I spoke to my history teacher about how I didn't like being compared with my brother. She said, “To be honest, I think you’re smarter than him. You ____9____ activities more and you’re more understanding.” Whenever I remember these words, they make me happy. This school year is my first year of school without my brother. I finally have the chance to establish my own ____10____. I feel less stressed and I am more appreciated as myself now. 1. A. excellent B. energetic C. easygoing D. enthusiastic 2. A. comments B. confusion C. consultation D. resolution 3. A. attached B. devoted C. admitted D. entitled 4. A. questioning B. congratulating C. criticizing D. disturbing 5. A. puzzled B. excited C. annoyed D. amused 6. A. influence B. attempt C. choice D. memory 7. A. imagine B. bother C. quit D. worry 8. A. honored B. determined C. convinced D. satisfied 9. A. take charge of B. take part in C. take over D. take up 10. A. preference B. passion C. motivation D. identity 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者有一个优秀的哥哥，并一直生活在哥哥的影子之下。哥哥被常春藤盟校录取之后，作者终于有机会建立属于她自己的身份。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新老师不停地说Mubeen有多棒。A. excellent 优秀的；B. energetic 精力充沛的；C. easygoing 随和的；D. enthusiastic 热情的。上文“He is such a wonderful kid”提到哥哥非常出色。下文“I am proud of my brother, but I was tired of people expecting me to be as perfect as he is.”提到作者为哥哥骄傲，哥哥非常完美，所以此处表示作者的新老师称赞作者的哥哥，非常优秀，故选A。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是所有的各种评论让我很生气。A. comments 评论、指责；B. confusion 困惑；C. consultation 咨询；D. resolution 决议、坚定。上文“I am proud of my brother, but I was tired of people expecting me to be as perfect as he is.”提到尽管作者为哥哥骄傲，但是作者厌倦了，听腻了人们希望作者和哥哥一样优秀的言论，所以此处表示的是别人给作者的类似上文这样的言论、评论，让作者生气难受，故选A。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，Mubeen被康奈尔大学录取。A. attached 附加；B. devoted 投入；C. admitted 允许……进入；D. entitled 使享有权利。由下文的“Cornell University”可知，作者哥哥被康奈尔大学录取，be admitted to“被……录取”，符合此句句意，故选C。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都来祝贺我。A. questioning 询问；B. congratulating 祝贺；C. criticizing 批评；D. disturbing 打扰。上文“This year, Mubeen was　3　 to Cornell University. Actually, that was a big pride for our school. ”提到哥哥被康奈尔大学录取，这是一件学校非常骄傲的事，作为妹妹，作者收到别人的祝贺，故选B。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这真的让我很恼火，因为即使你离开了，你的影响力也会继续存在。A. puzzled 困惑的；B. excited 兴奋的；C. annoyed 生气的、苦恼的；D. amused 觉得好笑的、开心的。根据上文的“I was angry”和空后的原因状语从句 “because even when you leave, your 　6　 will live on.”可知，即使哥哥离开，但是影响还会存在，作者还是摆脱不了活在哥哥的影响下，所以作者是很生气、苦恼的，故选C。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这真的让我很恼火，因为即使你离开了，你的影响力也会继续存在。A. influence 影响；B. attempt 企图、尝试；C. choice 选择；D. memory 记性、回忆。根据上文“This year, Mubeen was　3　to Cornell University. Actually, that was a big pride for our school. ”可知，哥哥被康奈尔大学录取，是学校一件光荣而骄傲的事，所以哥哥即使不在这个学校了，但是还是会被学校经常宣传和提到，哥哥的影响还是会一直存在，这也是上题中让作者苦恼的原因，故选A。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：别担心。A. imagine 想象；B. bother 打扰；C. quit 停止、离任；D. worry 担心。下文“I won’t haunt you.”，我不会让你苦恼的，所以此处表示哥哥安慰妹妹让她不要担心，故选D。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信你会成为第二个上常春藤盟校的人。A. honored 受尊敬的；B. determined 决心、坚定的；C. convinced 坚信的；D. satisfied 满意的。根据此空后宾语从句的内容以及选项可知，此处表示作者的哥哥相信优秀的妹妹也会被常春藤盟校录取，故选C。 【9题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：你更愿意参与活动，而且你更善解人意。A. take charge of 掌管；B. take part in 参加；C. take over 接管；D. take up 占据、从事。根据空后宾语以及选项，可知此处表示作者更愿意参与活动，故选B。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我终于有机会确立自己的身份了。A. preference 偏爱；B. passion 热情、激情；C. motivation 动机；D. identity 身份。上文“I wanted to be known as Shameera, not as Mubeen’s sister, or worse a female copy of him.”可知作者一直不想活在哥哥的影子下，不想依附哥哥而存在，想有属于自己真正的身份。根据空前 “This school year is my first year of school without my brother.”可知哥哥去上大学了，作者的学校里第一次没有哥哥在了，作者终于可以离开哥哥确立属于自己的身份了，故选D。 四、书面表达 现在各种野生动物日趋减少，有些已经濒临灭绝。请你结合以下几点内容，写一篇关于“如何保护野生动物”的演讲稿，号召大家行动起来保护野生动物。 注意：词数不少于60。演讲稿的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 1. 不吃野味，不穿用野生动物皮毛做的衣服； 2. 宣传保护野生动物的重要性； 3. 建立野生动物保护区； 4. …… It's my pleasure to be here to give a speech. ________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for listening. 【参考范文】 It’s my pleasure to be here to give a speech. My topic is how to protect the wild animals. I always think that animals are the friends of our human beings. However, now many wild animals have disappeared and many kinds of the existing wild animals are dying out. As far as I am concerned, something must be done to stop it. First, we believe “no buying, no killing”. Instead of killing wild animals for their fur or eating their meat, we should speak out and stop this trade. Besides, it is our responsibility to help people around us to raise the awareness of protecting wild animals. In addition, we need to take steps to save endangered species, including setting up some protection regions for wild animals where they can be well protected. No one should kill wild animals. Once found, he or she should be reported to the Wildlife Protection Association. Only in this way, can we build a harmonious society and ensure a sustainable development. Animals are our friends and part of our environment. Friends, come and join us. Let’s turn the goodwill into action, and let’s work together to protect animals! Thank you for listening. 【导语】 本篇是一篇保护野生动物主题演讲稿。开篇点明演讲主题，阐述野生动物濒危现状，从多个角度提出可行保护措施，最后发出呼吁号召，语言正式、感染力强，符合演讲稿文体特征。 【详解】 1. However, now many wild animals have disappeared and many kinds of the existing wild animals are dying out. existing 形容词作前置定语；die out 固定短语，意为“灭绝”，点明严峻现状，引出下文对策。 2. Instead of killing wild animals for their fur or eating their meat, we should speak out and stop this trade. instead of 引导对比结构，清晰表达正确做法与错误行为的对立。 3. Besides, it is our responsibility to help people around us to raise the awareness of protecting wild animals. it作形式主语，真正主语为后面不定式；raise the awareness of… 提高……意识，写作高频表达。 4. …including setting up some protection regions for wild animals where they can be well protected. where引导定语从句修饰protection regions，进一步说明保护区作用。 5. Only in this way, can we build a harmonious society and ensure a sustainable development. only+状语置于句首，句子使用部分倒装，是书面表达经典高级句型。 【点睛】 ① 行文符合演讲稿格式：开场引入→分析现状→分点给出措施→结尾号召； ② 使用First, Besides, In addition 衔接要点，逻辑清晰； ③ 掌握倒装、形式主语、定语从句等高级句式，提升作文档次； ④ 重点短语积累：die out 灭绝；as far as I am concerned 在我看来；take steps to do 采取措施做；set up 建立；sustainable development 可持续发展。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北师大版选择性必修第一册Relationship（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 通过听、说、读、看、写等活动，了解人际关系，并能讨论和人际关系相关的话题； 2. 合理使用听力策略，理解说话者表达的情感态度； 3. 使用所学语言表达观点，并在讨论中交流观点； 4. 使用所学语言写一封正式的邀请信。 复习重难点 重点：过去完成时用法 难点：应用文邀请信的写作。 单元词汇 知识点1：switch 原句：We definitely need to switch to different forms of power as soon as possible. 我们确实需要尽快转用不同形式的能源。 【双语释义】 switch ◆vt. & vi. to change or make sth change from one thing to another (使) 转变，改变 My mother’s interest had switched to my health. 我母亲的关注点已转移到我的健康上来了。 ◆n. a small device that you press or move up and down in order to turn a light or piece of electrical equipment on and off（电路的）开关，闸，转换器 Leona put some detergent into the dishwasher, shut the door, and pressed the switch. Leona 在洗碗机里放了些清洁剂，关上门，然后按下开关。 【积累拓展】 switch on 接通；打开 switch off（用开关）关掉；切断 (电源) switch over 换台；换频道 【即时小练】 完成句子 1. 他在转行从事新闻工作前是图书管理员。 He worked as a librarian before __________________________ journalism. 2. 他倒空了他们俩的玻璃杯，然后打开了电水壶。 He emptied both their glasses and __________________________ the electric kettle. 3. 你离开时请把灯关掉。 Please __________________________ the lights when you leave. 4. 为了保持健康，你可以转为在早上或午间锻炼。 To keep fit, you can _________________________ _ 知识点2：varied 原句：The reasons for extinctions are varied. 灭绝的原因各不相同。 【双语释义】 varied adj. of many different types 各种各样的，形形色色的 The responsibilities of government are many, and they are varied. 政府有很多职责，而且各不相同。 【积累拓展】 ◆同根词 (1) various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的 There are various courses open to us. 我们有多种处理方法可采取。 (2) variety n.（同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 She uses a variety of different colours and textures in her wall hangings. 她悬挂的帷幔色彩和质地多种多样。 (3) vary vi.（大小、形状等）相异，不同，有别；（根据情况）变化，变更，改变 Children vary considerably in the rate at which they learn these lessons. 孩子们学习这些课的速度差别相当大。 ◆常用搭配 a variety of 各种各样的 ◆用法提示 (1)“a variety of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (2)“the variety of + 复数名词” 意为 “…… 的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 【即时小练】 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1. Opinions on this matter vary _____________ person _____________ person. 2. The variety of his novels _____________ (be) astonishing. 3. A variety of dictionaries _____________ (be) on the desk. 4. The prices of some vegetables vary _____________ the season. 5. The goods in the market vary _____________ size, colour and price. 6. Many people were absent for _____________ (vary) reasons. 完成句子 7. 有多种理由支持我的观点，即学生不应该把手机带到校园。 There are _____________ reasons in favour of my opinion that students should not take mobile phones to campus. 知识点3：affect 原句：It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. 显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。 【双语释义】 affect vt. ◆to produce a change in sb/sth 影响 Nicotine affects the functioning of the heart and arteries. 尼古丁对心脏和动脉功能有负面影响。 ◆to make sb have strong feelings of sadness, pity, etc.（感情上）深深打动；使悲伤（或怜悯等） They were affected by the news of her death. 她去世的消息使他们唏嘘不已。 【积累拓展】 ◆同根词 affection n. [U] 喜爱；钟爱 effect n. [C,U] 效应；影响；结果 ◆常用搭配 be affected by… 被…… 感动；受…… 影响 / 侵袭 be of no effect 无效的；无用的 bring/put sth into effect 使生效；实行；实施 come into effect（尤指法律、规则等）生效；开始实施 have an effect on… 对…… 产生影响 take effect 开始起作用；见效 【即时小练】 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1. Trees themselves also have _____________ effect on the climate. 2. Even below the drink-driving limit, driving will _____________ (affect). 3. Around 540 million people _____________ (affect) by second-hand smoke, which causes 100,000 deaths per year. 4. Do you know the effect his parents’ behaviour has had _____________ the child? 写作升级 (用过去分词短语作状语改写) 5. He was affected by the failure in the maths exam and lost heart. __________________________, he lost heart. 知识点4：wasteful 原句：I understand that, but in this case it’s completely wasteful and unnecessary. 我理解，但在这种情况下，这是完全浪费并且没有必要的。 【双语释义】 wasteful adj. using more of sth than is necessary; not saving or keeping sth that could be used 浪费的；挥霍的 The whole process is wasteful and inefficient. 整个程序既浪费又低效。 【积累拓展】 ◆同根词 waste vt. & n. 浪费；滥用 Why waste money on clothes you don’t need? 为什么浪费钱买你不需要的衣服呢？ You are wasting your time trying to explain it to him. 你跟他解释是在浪费时间。 ◆常用搭配 waste time/money on… 在…… 上浪费时间 / 金钱 waste time/money (in) doing… 浪费时间 / 金钱做…… waste your breath 白费唇舌 【即时小练】 完成句子 1. 这些会议完全是浪费时间。 These meetings are a complete _____________. 2. 把好的食物扔掉太浪费了。 It is _____________ to throw good food away. 【答案】 知识点5：be to blame 原句：This time, human activity will be to blame. 这一次，人类活动是主要原因。 【双语释义】 blame vt. to think or say that sb/sth is responsible for sth bad 把…… 归咎于；责怪；指责 n. [U] responsibility for doing sth badly or wrongly; saying that sb is responsible for sth（坏事或错事的）责任；责备；指责 【积累拓展】 ◆常用搭配 (1) blame sb for sth 因某事而责备某人 blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人 / 某事 be to blame (for sth)（对坏事）负有责任 (2) accept/bear/get/take the blame for… 对…… 负责 lay/put the blame for sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人身上 ◆词语辨析 词汇 用法 blame “责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于”，常用于 blame sb for sth 及 blame sth on sb charge “控告；谴责”，常用于 charge sb with (doing) sth“指控某人 (做了) 某事” accuse “控告，指控；指责，谴责”，常用于 accuse sb of (doing) sth“指控某人 (做了) 某事” 【即时小练】 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1. Who is _____________ (blame) for starting the fire? 2. Don’t put the blame _____________ him; after all, he is only a green hand. 3. I am ready to take the blame _____________ the terrible mistake. 用 blame/charge/accuse 的适当形式填空 4. She was said to have been _____________ with drunk driving. 5. I was told that he was _____________ of murder. 6. It is obvious that you are to _____________ for the accident. 【答案】 知识点6：be at risk of dying out 原句：Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. 当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多物种，我们也有可能濒临灭绝。 【积累拓展】 (1) at the risk of doing sth 冒着…… 的风险 be at risk (of) 处境危险，受到威胁 take a risk/risks (to do sth) 冒险 (做某事) run the risk (of sth/of doing sth) 冒…… 的危险；冒险 (做某事) run risks 冒险 (2) risk doing sth 冒险做某事 【即时小练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1. There is still _____________ risk that the whole deal will fall through. 2. _____________ the risk of showing my ignorance, how exactly does the Internet work? 3. . We’ve been advised not to risk _____________ (travel) in these conditions. 完成句子 4. 他们的孩子患此病的风险很高。 Their children _____________ of developing the disease __________________________ 5. 他们冒着生命危险，阻止了一次严重的铁路事故。 They prevented a serious railway accident __________________________ their own lives. 知识点4：话题词汇拓展 1. agenda n. 计划，方案；（会议的）议程表，议事日程 2. amuse vt.（提供）消遣，（使）娱乐；逗笑，逗乐 3. atmosphere n. 气氛，氛围，环境；大气；气体；空气 4. ecology n. 生态，生态学 5. extremely adv. 极度，极其 6. favour (NAmE-vor) n. 支持，赞同；帮助，好事；恩惠 vt. 较喜欢，选择；偏袒；有利于 7. fee n.（加入组织或做某事付的）费；报酬 8. incredible adj. 极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的 9. intense adj. 很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情（或意见、想法）的，热切的；激烈的 10. internal adj. 内部的；国内的；内心的 11. mineral n. 矿物质，矿物 12. nature n. 大自然；自然；天性 13. particular adj. 特别的；特定的；讲究的 14. prohibit vt.（尤指以法令）禁止；阻止 15. urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的 单元语法：：限制性和非限制性定语从句 定语从句两种类型说明 限制性定语从句：修饰先行词，从句和主句联系紧密，用来限定、识别先行词是哪个人/事物； 非限制性定语从句：对先行词做额外补充说明，去掉后主句意思依然完整，要用逗号和主句隔开。 1. 限制性定语从句 例句： The girl who is playing tennis is my friend. This is the place where I lived last year. She still remembers the time when she noticed the car was missing. They are the people whose houses caught fire. 2. 非限制性定语从句 例句： My friend, who is playing tennis, comes from Ethiopia. The accident, which happened yesterday, has led to three deaths. The building, where an important conference is being held, is in the centre of the city. The professor gave me a lot of advice, which I benefited a lot. 难点提示 1. 非限制性定语从句的关系代词which可以指代整个主句 例句： It is snowing heavily, which makes children feel excited. The river is seriously polluted, which has caught much public attention. 2. most of/which、many of 型非限制性定语从句 能用于这类结构的限定词：many, some, all, several, few, both, half, the majority, the number, percentages 以及代词 it；常见搭配还有 in the middle of, at the bottom of, at the top of, at the foot of 等。 例句： He has designed many captivating questions in his class, most of which are very inspiring. He works in a middle school, in front of which there is a river. 3. as引导的非限制性定语从句 as可在从句中作主语、表语或宾语，指代整个主句，位置灵活：可放主句前、主句中、主句后； 固定搭配：as is announced/reported/imagined/known；若从句谓语为happen, occur这类表事态的动词，常用which；若主句谓语是be said/known这类表达，多用as。 例句： As we all know, Tom studies very hard.（as指代整个句子，作从句宾语） As is known to all, she is the best worker in our class.（as指代整个句子，作从句主语） 4. 关系代词选用规则 先行词指人时： - 从句作主语/定语：用who/whose - 从句作宾语：用whom/who/that 先行词指物时：从句作主/宾/定语，用which/that/whose ⚠️ 非限制性定语从句不能用that 例句： This is the car which/that is recommended.（which/that从句作主语） I like the book (which/that) you recommended yesterday.（which/that从句作宾语，可省略） I have a house whose cover is blue.（whose从句作定语，修饰cover） The woman whom they wanted to interview is a teacher.（whom从句作宾语） The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.（who/that从句作主语） This is the place where I was born.（where从句作地点状语，相当于in which） I work in a business where almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.（where作地点状语，相当于in which） Extinctions, when entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in Earth's history.（when作时间状语） I remember the day when I first met Alison.（when作时间状语，相当于on which） Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me?（why作原因状语，相当于for which） 【即时小练】 1. 用适当的关系代词、关系副词或“介词+关系代词”填空 1) The award was given to Sara, ______ short story impressed the judges. 2) I’ll never forget the day ______ my best friend and I spent celebrating my birthday. 3) After the storm, the road was too slippery, ______ caused lots of accidents. 4) I have found the very shop ______ has everything we need. 5) The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that village. 6) I can’t imagine the reason ______ he turned down my offer. 7) The sun gives us heat and light, ______ we can’t live. 8) Many young people, most ______ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 9) Jack, ______ is retired now, spends a lot of time with his grandchildren. 10) Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually. 2. 翻译下列句子 1) 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 ________________________________________________________ 2) 这种书是给母语是汉语的儿童看的。 ________________________________________________________ 3) 很多国家已经建立了国家公园，动物和植物在那儿可以被很好地保护。 ________________________________________________________ 4) 曾有那么一段时间，我的小弟弟迷上了玩电脑游戏。 ________________________________________________________ 5) 他写了很多小说，其中很多已经被翻译成了外语。 ________________________________________________________ （时间：60分钟） 1、 单词拼写 Ⅰ. 根据首字母或中文提示填写单词(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 1. She worked as a librarian before s________ to journalism. 2. Dinosaurs have been e________ for millions of years. 3. Emergency relief will be sent to the areas most a________ by the hurricane. 4. One of the computers is broken and she’s b________ it on me. 5. The number of people who have the disease has ________（下降）significantly in recent years. 6. You should r________ paper. We need to save the trees on Earth. 7. The children are a________ of the danger of taking drugs. 8. This job ________（适合）me down to the ground. 9. She was ________（渴望）to finish school and get a job. 10. Then I attended a 5-day training course as soon as the vacation began. I was taught how to be both an i________ and entertaining tour guide. 2、 阅读理解 While many people prefer to buy a new dog from a breeder, another option is to adopt a rescue dog. As the Svilicics already had a healthy daughter Charlotte, they felt fortunate enough to save another life. Thus, Catherine adopted a dog and named it Khan. Catherine was hopeful this would provide valuable lessons for her baby, such as sharing, learning to love and responsibility to care for animals. They trained Khan during the first few days and everything began smoothly. Charlotte and the new dog made a habit of playing out in the backyard. However, things were different this day. They began running through the backyard grass together. That was until Khan’s temperament seemed to change dramatically. Khan began acting wildly aggressively (富于攻击性的), grabbing the baby. This was not the normal play between the two. Mouth open, Catherine watched in complete and utter shock. She watched as Khan tossed (抛) Charlotte across their lawn. What happened next alarmed Catherine and everyone present. He tightly clenched his jaws into her diaper to toss her back and forth. Therefore, with urgency, she ran to Charlotte and carried her to safety. Miraculously, her child was unharmed. While Catherine brought her baby to shelter, Khan barked madly and then collapsed. The dog began crying. No one understood what was going on! Khan was obviously not doing well. The dog continued crying and then fell lifeless. Catherine focused on the dog, watching his dying eyes and realized he had been protecting her child. It turned out that Khan was protecting Charlotte from a poisonous, dangerous snake. She used all her strength to bring the dog to her car and sped for the vet, hearing his breath slow. When the vet took over, Catherine cried and felt totally helpless, so she prayed for his recovery. The vet had to remove all the snake poison from the body. Quite a few days later, Khan was slowly getting stronger through the vet’s effort. Eventually, he made progress and the snake’s venom was removed. Actually, Khan impressed even the vet with his rapid recovery and progress. The whole family could be reunited once again with this amazing and heroic animal. Catherine was determined to protect this amazing animal as if it were her own child. 1. What caused Catherine to carry her child away from Khan? A. That Khan tossed her child back and forth. B. That Khan grabbed her child aggressively. C. That Khan tossed her child across their lawn. D. That her child played with Khan for such a long time. 2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Catherine adopted Khan to protect her child. B. Khan’s sickness was too serious to be cured. C. The child was hurt because she was treated badly. D. Khan was attacked by a snake in order to protect the child. 3. According to the passage, which word can best describe Catherine? A. Outgoing. B. Caring. C. Faithful. D. Honest. 3、 完形填空 “Wow, Mubeen is your brother? He is such a wonderful kid.” My new teacher went on and on about how ____1____ Mubeen was. I am proud of my brother, but I was tired of people expecting me to be as perfect as he is. I was angry, for all the ____2____ got to me. I wanted to be known as Shameera, not as Mubeen’s sister, or worse a female copy of him. This year, Mubeen was ____3____ to Cornell University. Actually, that was a big pride for our school. I said to my brother, “Everyone is ____4____ me. But that really makes me ____5____ because even when you leave, your ____6____ will live on. I’m afraid you’re going to haunt (使苦恼) me.” Mubeen laughed and said, “Don't ____7____. I won’t haunt you. And I’m ____8____ that you’re going to be the second to go to an Ivy League university.” Recently, I spoke to my history teacher about how I didn't like being compared with my brother. She said, “To be honest, I think you’re smarter than him. You ____9____ activities more and you’re more understanding.” Whenever I remember these words, they make me happy. This school year is my first year of school without my brother. I finally have the chance to establish my own ____10____. I feel less stressed and I am more appreciated as myself now. 1. A. excellent B. energetic C. easygoing D. enthusiastic 2. A. comments B. confusion C. consultation D. resolution 3. A. attached B. devoted C. admitted D. entitled 4. A. questioning B. congratulating C. criticizing D. disturbing 5. A. puzzled B. excited C. annoyed D. amused 6. A. influence B. attempt C. choice D. memory 7. A. imagine B. bother C. quit D. worry 8. A. honored B. determined C. convinced D. satisfied 9. A. take charge of B. take part in C. take over D. take up 10. A. preference B. passion C. motivation D. identity 四、书面表达 现在各种野生动物日趋减少，有些已经濒临灭绝。请你结合以下几点内容，写一篇关于“如何保护野生动物”的演讲稿，号召大家行动起来保护野生动物。 注意：词数不少于60。演讲稿的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 1. 不吃野味，不穿用野生动物皮毛做的衣服； 2. 宣传保护野生动物的重要性； 3. 建立野生动物保护区； 4. …… It's my pleasure to be here to give a speech. ________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for listening. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $