Unit 2 Getting along-2026-2027学年八年级上册英语词汇语法讲练（外研版）

一、单元核心单词 英文单词 selfish giant shout gate build since nor hole glad knock afraid adaptation unhappiness climax return Unit 2 Getting 词汇语法讲练 音标 /'selfiC/ /'d3arent/ aut/ /gert/ /bild/ /sms/ /no:(1/ /heul/ /glaed/ /npk/ /'frerd/ .aedaep'terfn/ /An'haepines/ /'klarmaeks/ m't3/ along 词性 中文释义 自私的，自私自利的 adj. (含贬义) (儿童故事中的)巨 n. 人 大声说，喊叫，呼喊 (栅栏或围墙上的) 大门 V. 建造，盖，造 自从…以来，自 prep 从…之后 conl. 也不 n. 洞，孔，坑 adj. 高兴的，开心的 敲，击：敲门 adj 害怕的，恐惧的 (书或戏剧的)改编 n 版 不幸；悲伤 n. 高潮，顶点 返回，回来，回去 message understand alive grade article offer plan teribly nervous recently online allow ticket true respect narrow lane unit probably argue separate /'mesId3/ /,Anda'staend/ /e'larv/ /greId/ /'a:trkl/ /'pfa(r)/ /plaen/ /'terabli/ /'n3:vas/ /'ri:sntli/ /Dn'lam/ 月'law/ /'tkrt/ /u:/ /I'spekt/ /'naereu/ Aem/ /junrt/ /'prDbabli/ /a:gju:/ /'seprat/ 消息，信息；（书 1n. 信、讲话等的)主旨 v. 理解，明白 充满活力的，生气勃 adj 勃的：活着的 1n. 年级：等级 1n. (报刊的)文章 V. 提供，给予 1n. 计划 adv. 很，极为；糟糕地 焦虑的，紧张的，无 adj. 法放松的 ady. 最近，近来，不久前 adv. 从网上，在网上 使有可能，允许，容 V. 许，准许 n. 票，入场券 adj. 真正的：真实的 V. 尊重，顾及 adj. 狭窄的 巷（常用于路名 n. 中)；小路 计量用的单位；单元 adv. 可能，大概，也许 v. 争论，争吵 把…分开；分隔 boundary /'baundri/ achieve /e'tfi:v/ neighbour /'nerba(r)/ neighbourhood /'nerbahud/ 二、单元核心短语 英文短语 get along with knock at/on be afraid to do sth. understand each other return to neither...nor... argue with sb. separate...from... in return calm down put oneself in sb.'s shoes 词汇短语练习 一、根据汉语意思或首字母，写出正确的单词。 1.自私的（含贬义） 2.巨人（儿童故事中的） 3.大声说，喊叫 4.(栅栏或围墙上的)大门 5.建造，盖，造 n. 分界线，界限 实现，达到 邻居 1n. 邻里关系；街区 中文释义 与…相处融洽 敲（门、窗等） 害怕做某事 理解彼此 回到…；返回 既不…也不… 和某人争吵 把…和…分开 作为回报 冷静，平静下来 换位思考，设身处地 (每题2分，共20分) 6.自从…以来 7.也不 8洞，孔，坑 9.高兴的，开心的 10.害怕的，恐惧的 二、单项选择，选出最合适的一项。（每题2分，共30分） 1.-Why did you shout at your brother? A.glad B.selfish C.alive D.narrow 2.The little boy was to go into the dark room alone A.glad B.afraid C.nervous D.selfish 3.一What is the of this story? A.adaptation B.climax C.message D.boundary 4.We should each other even when we have different ideas. A.shout B.argue C.respect D.knock 5.-How long has your family lived here? A.Since B.For C.In D.Nor 6.Neither my sister I like arguing with our neighbours. A.or B.nor C.and D.but 7.Please the door before you come in. A.knock at B.argue with C.separate from D.calm down 8.The two brothers often each other about small things A.get along with B.argue with C.return to D.understand 9.If you want to your dream,you need to work hard. A.achieve B.build C.offer D.allow 10.My neighbour is very kind.He always to help others. A.offers B.plans C.builds D.shouts 11.The between our houses is a small fence. A.gate B.hole C.boundary D.lane 12.You should yourself in his shoes.Then you will understand his feelings A.put B.take C.make D.get 13.-How do you your new classmates? A.get along with B.argue with C.separate from D.calm down 14.He worked online,but now he goes to the office every day. A.recently B.probably C.terribly D.since 15.-I'm sorry I broke your cup. A.Calm down B.Understand each other C.In return D.Put yourselfin my shoes 三、用所给单词的适当形式或对应词填空。（每题2分，共20分） 1.The giant is very (selfish)and never lets children play in his garden. 2.The boys shouted (terrible)when they saw the giant coming. 3.My mother asked me to go back home after school,so I had to (return)home early. 4.The teacher told us to (calm)down and think before arguing 5.We should try to (understanding)each other's feelings. 6.The story has a surprising (climax)at the end. 7.It is (true)that good neighbours make good friends. 8.The sound of (knock)on the door woke me up. 9.The fence (separate)the two gardens from each other. 10.I feel (nervous)before the exam,so I need to relax. 四、情景交际：补全对话（每空2分，共20分） A:Hi,Tom!You look unhappy.What's wrong? B:Well,I had an argument with my neighbour yesterday A:(1) (与…争吵)your neighbour?Why? B:He said my dog always runs into his garden and makes holes there. A:That's a problem.But you can(2) (冷静下来)and talk to him again. B:I tried,but he was very (3) (自私的).He didn't even want to listen A:Maybe you should (4) (设身处地).He just wants his garden to be nice. B:You're right.(5) (作为回报)，I could offer to fix the holes.. A:That's a good (6) (计划).Do you want me to go with you?? B:Yes,please.I'm a little (7) (害怕的)to talk to him alone. A:Don't wony.I'll help you (8) (理解彼此)· B:Thanks.I think we can(9) (相处融洽)if we try. A:I believe so.Just remember:(10) (既不…也不…）shouting nor blaming can solve the problem. 五、连词成句（注意标点和大小写）。（每题5分，共25分） 1.selfish,the,giant,very,is ( 2.you,afraid,the,are,dark,to,go,into,room (? → 3.should,we,understand,each,other,try,to (. → 4.knock,before,the,door,please,entering (. → 5.neither,nor,her,I,sister,likes,arguing (. 参考答案 一、根据汉语意思或首字母，写出正确的单词 1.selfish 2.giant 3.shout 4.gate 5.build 6.since 7.nor 8.hole 9.glad 10.afraid 二、单项选择 1.B2.B3.C4.C5.A6.B7.A8.B9.A10.A11.C12.A13.A14.A15.A 三、用所给单词的适当形式或对应词填空 1.selfish 2.terribly 3.return 4.calm 5.understand 6.climax 7.true 8.knocking 9.separates 10.nervous 四、情景交际：补全对话 (1)Argue with (2)calm down (3)selfish (4)put yourself in his shoes (5)In return(6)plan (7)afraid(8) understand each other (9)get along with (10)Neither...nor... 五、连词成句 1.The giant is very selfish. 2.Are you afraid to go into the dark room? 3.We should try to understand each other. 4.Please knock at the door before entering. 5.Neither I nor my sister likes arguing. 单元语法讲练 考点1：现在完成时（延续性用法） 核心规则 分类 规则说明 动作从过去开始，持续到现 基本表意 在，可能继续持续，强调对现 在的影响/状态延续 for:后接「时长」，如for3 for/since辨析 years/for two months since:后接「过去时间点/一般 过去时从句」，如since2023/ since I was 7 have been to:去过某地（已返 回)；have gone to:去了某地 易混结构辨析 (未返回)；have been in:待 在某地（延续状态） 与for/since连用时，短暂动词必 短暂动词转换 须转换为延续性状态表达 短暂动词→延续性动词转换表 短暂动词（非延续） 对应的延续性状态表达 leave be away (from) buy have borrow keep 1011n be in/be a member of die be dead begin/start be on 典型标志 for+时间段、since+时间点/ 从句（从句用一般过去时）、 how long提问、since then 可替换为since3 years ago 主句必须用现在完成时 仅have been in可接for/sincel时长 常见转换见下表 例句 He has been away from his hometown for 5 years. I have had this fiiendship bracelet since last term. You can keep the book for two weeks.(注：现在完成时为 have kept) She has been in the volunteer group since 2025 The old tree has been dead for three years. The talk about getting along has been on for 20 minutes. The argument has been over since finish/end be over yesterday. We have known each other for 4 get to know know years. He has been a fiiend of mine become be since Grade 7. My parents have been married for malry be married 15 years. 常用副词搭配 副词 用法场景 位置 例句 助动词have/has后、实 I have already shared my already 肯定句，表“已经” 义动词前 ideas with my deskmate. 否定句/疑问句，表 句末 Have you reached an yet “还、尚未” agreement yet? We have just made up just 肯定句，表“刚刚” 助动词have/has后 after the argument. Have you ever argued ever 疑问句，表“曾经” 助动词have/has后 with your best friend? I have never shouted at never 否定句，表“从不” 助动词have/has后 my parents. 即学即练（现在完成时延续性用法）单项选择 1.We friends with each other for nearly five years A.are B.were C.have been D.will be 2.My cousin has lived in this community he moved here in 2022. A.for B.since C.in D.at 3.-How long you this storybook about friendship? A.have;borrowed B.did;borrow C.have;kept D.did;keep 4.-Where is your monitor?I can't find him anywhere A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been in D.went to 5.I have finished the letter to my pen pal,but I haven't posted it A.already;already B.yet;already C.already;yet D.yet;yet 6.The two families reached an agreement about the yard since last week. A.have B.has C.had D.will have 7.The movie about getting on with parents for ten minutes when we got to the cinema. A.has begun B.has been on C.had begun D.had been on 8.My grandpa for 3 years,but his stories about getting along with neighbors still stay in my mind. A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead 9.-Have you had a fight with your close friend? A.ever;never B.never;ever C.just;already D.already;just 10.I started to learn to share with others when I was 6.I the importance of sharing for over 8 years. A.learnt B.have learnt C.learn D.will learn 考点2：目的/结果状语从句(so that&so...that..) 核心用法辨析 结构 表意 结构公式 从句特点 so that引导目的状语从 为了、以便，表主句 主句+so that+目的 从句常搭配 句 动作的目的 状语从句 can/could/may/might/wil 1wold/should等情态动 词，可替换为n order that so.hat.引导结果状 如此…以至 语从句 于…，表主句动作 带来的结果 so+形容词/副词+ 从句是客观事实结 hat+结果状语从句 果，无情态动词搭 配，口语中可省略hat 易混提示 √目的状语从句可转换为to do/in order to do的简单句结构： He gets up early so that he can catch the early bus.=He gets up early to catch the early bus. √结果状语从句中so修饰形容词/副词，名词前需用such:such+(a/an)+形容词+名词+ that从句 It was such a warm story that all of us were moved. 即学即练（状语从句用法）单项选择 1.You should learn to control your feelings you won't hurt the people around you. A.so that B.such that C.in order to D.because of 2.The story of Six Feet Alley is moving many people want to learn from it. A.too;to B.so;that C.such;that D.enough;to 3.My deskmate always explains problems to me patiently I can catch up with others in study. A.because B.when C.so that D.though 4.It was a lovely garden all the children loved playing there. A.so;that B.such;that C.too;to D.enough;that 5.We decided to knock down the wall between our yards we could share the big open space A.in order B.so as to C.so that D.in order to 6.The boy was afraid of saying sorry to his friend he hid behind the door for a long time. A.too;to B.so;that C.such;that D.very;that 7.You should keep your voice down in public you won't disturb other people A.so that B.because C.but D.or 8.They argued angrily with each other nobody noticed the teacher come into the classroom. A.so;that B.such;that C.too;to D.as,as 9.Many teenagers write diaries about their friendship they can record the happy moments with friends A.as soon as B.so that C.even though D.ever since 10.The giant felt sorry for what he did he knocked down the high wall around his garden the next day A.too;to B.enough;to C.so;that D.such;that 考点3：否定倒装结构「Nor/Neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语」 核心规则 项目 说明 例句 表达“…也不”， 承接上文的否定情 -I don't like arguing 表意 况，表示后者和前者 with others. 有相同的否定状态/动 Nor/Neither do I. 作 部分倒装语序，助动 上文用一般现在时 词/系动词/情态动词 结构要求 dont,下文用do;上 必须放在主语前面， 文用can't,下文用can 时态和上文保持一致 肯定情况表“…也 是”用$0+助动词/系 -I have made up with 对比肯定结构 动词/情态动词+主 my fiiend.—So have I. 语 如果是对上文内容的 -Tom is always ready 肯定/强调（确实如 易混区分 此)，不用倒装，结 to share things with others..-So he is.(汤 构为$0+主语+助动 姆确实是这样) 词/系动词/情态动词 即学即练（倒装结构用法）单项选择 1.-I never shout at my friends when I am angry. A.So do I B.Nor do I C.So I do D.Nor I do 2.-My deskmate hasn't been to the new city park yet We can go together this weekend A.Neither have l B.So have I C.Neither I have D.So I have 3.Li Ming can always come up with good ideas to solve problems between friends A.So can he B.So he can C.Nor can he D.Nor he can 4.-I don't think it's right to be selfish to the people around us. A.So do I B.So I do C.Nor do I D.Nor I do 5.-My sister used to fight with her classmates over small things A.So did B.Nor did C.So was D.Nor was 6.I will not keep my problems to myself when I get into trouble with friends. A.So will I B.Nor I will C.So I will D.Nor will I 7.-We have learned a lot about how to get on well with others from this unit. It is really helpful for our daily life. A.So have we B.So we have C.Nor have we D.Nor we have 8.I didn't realize the importance of communication until I had a big fight with my best friend. A.So did I B.Neither did I C.So I did D.Neither I did 9.-If you don't say sorry to your deskmate first,he won't forgive you. A.So he will B.Nor he will C.Nor will he D.So will he 10.-It is not easy to get along with all the people around you all the time. A.So itis B.Nor it is C.Soisit D.Nor is it 参考答案 即学即练（现在完成时延续性用法） 1.C2.B3.C4.B5.C6.A7.D8.D9.A10.B 即学即练（状语从句用法） 1.A2.B3.C4.B5.C6.B7.A8.A9.B10.C 即学即练（倒装结构用法） 1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A6.D7.B8.B9.C10.A