Unit 5 Play by the rules_-2026-2027学年八年级上册英语词汇语法讲练（外研版）

Unit 5 Play by the 词汇语法讲练 一、单元核心单词（教材附录单词表部分） 序号 单词 音标 rule hrul/ 2 break /breik/ 3 opposite /'ppazit/ packet /'paekit/ 5 picnic /'prknrk/ 6 smelly /'smeli/ 7 cheese /fi:z/ 8 noise /noIz/ 0 reduce h'dju:s/ 10 kick /kik/ 11 seat /si:t/ 12 passenger /'paesmnd3e/ 13 anything /'eni0m/ 14 fool /f/ 15 sign /sam/ rules? 词性 中文释义 之 规则；规定 v. 打破：违反 prep. 在…的对面 (装商品的)小 n. 包，小盒，小袋 n. 野餐 adj. 有臭味的 1. 干酪，奶酪 1n. 噪声；嘈杂声 减少：缩小：降 V. 低 V. 踢 n. 座，座位 n. 乘客，旅客 任何事物（都没 pron. 有) 蠢人，傻子，笨 n. 蛋 标记；指示牌， n. 标牌 16 throat 17 responsibility 18 cause 19 belt 20 station 21 pot 22 mess 23 honesty 24 spread 25 law 26 lawyer 27 ugent 28 citizen 29 click 30 basic 31 personal 32 private 33 avoid 34 address 35 passport /Oraut/ 红，spDns3'bilati/ ko:z/ /belt/ /'sterfn/ /pot/ /mes/ /'Dnasti/ /spred/ o:/ /loja/ /'3:d3nt/ /'sItrzn/ /klrk/ /'bersik/ /'p3:sanl/ /prarvat/ /e'voId/ /a'dres/ /pa:spo:t/ n 喉咙，咽喉 n. 责任 n.原因，起因；v n./. 造成，引起 n. 腰带，皮带 n. 车站 花盆；罐，盆 n. 脏乱；凌乱 诚实，正直：坦 n. 诚 v 传播：蔓延 九. 法则：法令 n. 律师 紧急的，紧迫 adj. 的，急迫的 公民；市民，城 n. 镇居民 1n./W. 点击（鼠标） 基础的，基本 adj. 的，根本的 adj. 个人的，私人的 个人的，秘密 adj. 的；私密的 V 避免：回避 n 地址 1. 护照 36 limit /'lmrt/ 37 careless /'kealas/ 38 aware la'weal 39 fraud /fro:d/ 40 trust /trAst/ 41 enemy /'enemi/ 42 behave /bI'herv/ 43 cyberbullying /'sarbabulim/ 44 1n011m /n3:m/ 45 traffic /'traefik/ 46 permission pe'mIfn/ 47 shock /fok/ 48 breat山h /bre0/ 49 online /Dn'lamn/ 50 account /a'kaunt/ 51 password /pa:sw3:d/ 52 netizen /netizn/ 二、 单元核心短语（教材附录短语表部分） 序号 短语 v.限制，限定；n v./m. 限制，限度 不小心的，粗心 adj. 的，疏忽的 注意到的，察觉 adj. 到的：意识到的 n.欺诈，欺骗； n./. 诈骗 信任，信赖，相 v./n. 信 敌人；反对者 表现；举止 网络霸凌（欺 凌) 规范，准则：行 1. 为标准 交通；路上行驶 的车辆 n. 许可，允许 n.震惊：v.使震 n./v. 惊 呼吸；一口气 在线的（地)： adj./adv. 联网的（地) n 账号；账户 n 密码：口令 双 网民 中文释义 N m 0 O 9 S 9 9 士 9 9 S 2 8 8 哥 play by the rules break rules get on in order to take out play music jump up in surprise a minute later next to several packets of be on a picnic have to so as to block the noise reduce the smell look after take a deep breath stand up think back safety belt keep safe pick up clean up the mess 遵守规则：按规则行事 违反规则 上车（船、飞机等） 为了… 拿出；取出 播放音乐 跳起来 惊讶地；吃惊地 一分钟后；过了一会儿 在…旁边；紧挨着 几包… 在野餐 不得不；必须 为了：以便 阻挡噪声 减少/降低气味 照顾，照料 深呼吸 站起来；起立 回想；回忆 安全带 保持安全 捡起；拾起 清理杂物/脏乱 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 词汇专项练习 一、根据汉语意思或首字母， follow the rules 遵守规则 in one's mind 在某人心里：在某人脑海中 traffic rules/laws 交通法规 at once 立即，立刻 in urgent situations 在紧急情况下 cause accidents 造成事故 take part in 参加 in short 总之，简而言之 post personal information 发布个人信息 face to face 面对面 get in touch with 与…取得联系 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 be aware of 意识到；察觉到 in real life 在现实生活中 be careful with 小心…；对…谨慎 ask for help 寻求帮助 get into trouble 遇到麻烦：陷入困境 turn to sb.for help 向…寻求帮助 a piece of cake 小菜一碟：很容易的事 far away 遥远的；在远处 写出正确的单词。（每空1分，共10分） 1.规则；规定 2.在…的对面 3.减少：缩小 4.责任 5.传播：蔓延 6紧急的，紧迫的 7.避免：回避 8.密码：口令 9.网络霸凌（欺凌） 10.信任，信赖 二、单项选择，选出最合适的一项。（每小题1分，共15分） 1.-You should the rules in the school library A.break B.play by C.follow D.both B and C 2.The bus is coming.Let's quickly. A.get on B.get off C.get up D.get into 3.He took out his phone and started music loudly A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 4.My mother asked me to the mess in my room. A.clean up B.look after C.pick up D.take out 5.You should a deep breath when you feel nervous. A.take B.make C.have D.do 6.Don't your personal information online.It's dangerous. A.post B.avoid C.spread D.reduce 7.The man jumped up surprise when he heard the news. A.in B.with C.by D.for 8.We must be of the dangers of cyberbullying. A.careful B.aware C.careless D.honest 9.The driver forgot to fasten his belt. A.safety B.seat C.traffic D.personal 10.Im situations,you should call 110 at once. A.basic B.urgent C.private D.opposite 11.We should doing things that may cause accidents. A.avoid B.reduce C.break D.spread 12. is the quality of being honest and truthful. A.Honesty B.Responsibility C.Norm D.Trust 13.If you get into trouble,you can your teachers for help. A.turn to B.take out C.look after D.get on with 14.The of the accident was the driver's carelessness. A.cause B.law C.sign D.limit 15.Remember to your account with a strong password. A.protect B.spread C.kick D.break 三、用所给单词的适当形式或对应词填空。（每空1分，共10分） 1.We must follow the (rule)of the game. 2.The food in the picnic basket smells (smell). 3.It's everyone's (responsible)to keep the city clean. 4.Don't be so (care).You should check your answers again 5.The Intemnet has many (online)activities,but we must be careful. 6.She (behave)very well at the party yesterday. 7.The (law)explained the new traffic law to us. 8.He took a deep (breathe)and jumped into the pool. 9.We need to (permission)before entering the lab. 10.The news caused a great (shock)to everyone. 四、情景交际：补全对话（每空2分，共20分） A:Dad,can I play online games now? B:Not yet.You must finish your homework first.We should (1) the rules(按规则行事). A:But I only want to play for a minute! B:(2) (一分钟后)you'I still be playing.Come on,(3) (遵守规则)at home,.too. A:OK,I'll finish my homework(4) (立即；立刻) B:Good.And remember,(5) (在现实生活中)，we should also(⑥) (意识到)he importance of time management. A:I know.By the way,can I(7) (与…取得联系)my friend Tom online after dinner? B:Sure,but don't(8) (发布个人信息)to strange1s. A:No problem.I'll (9) (小心…）hat B:Great.Ifyou have any problems,you can always (10) (向…寻求帮助)me. 五、连词成句（注意标点和大小写）。（每小题5分，共25分） 1.rules,we,by,should,the,play ( → 2.to,in,order,keep,safe,we,must,rules,follow ( → 3.avoid,you,should,personal,posting,information ( → 4.he,the,kicked,ball,into,goal (. → 5.a,piece,cake,of,is,it(?)(注意：此处用问号，表示反问“这很容易吗？”) → 参考答案 一、根据汉语意思或首字母，写出正确的单词 1.rule 2.opposite 3.reduce 4.responsibility 5.spread 6.urgent 7.avoid 8.password 9.cyberbullying 10.trust 二、单项选择 1.D (both B and C:play by the rules follow the rules)2.A3.C 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.A12.A13.A14.A15.A(protect虽未在表中，但符合语境；也可考虑用“keep safe”,但此题最佳 为protect,或根据原表“keep safe作选项，但此处设计为protect;实际可改为“keep your account safe with a strong password',但作为选择，protect合理。注意：若要求完全使用词汇表，可修改选项 为“keep safe'”,但原表有“keep safe短语，也可用。此处保留为保护，若需严格，可改为A.keep safB.spread C.kick D.break,则答案为A。以下按原设计给出参考答案：A)protect(虽未在单词 表，但属于常用词汇，且短语“keep safe?也可表保护)。为严谨，可将15题题干改为“Remember to your account safe with a strong password.”,选项为A.keep B.spread C.kick D.break,则答案 为A。此处暂按原题，但教师在批改时需注意。建议修改为：l6.Remember to your account safe with a strong password.A.keep B.spread C.kick D.break答案：A 三、用所给单词的适当形式或对应词填空 1.rules 2.smelly 3.responsibility 4.careless 5.online 6.behaved 7.lawyer 8.breath 9.get permission have permission)10.shock 四、情景交际：补全对话 (1)play by the rules(2)A minute later(3)follow the rules(4)at once(5)in real life (6)be aware of(7)get in touch with (8)post personal information(9)be careful with (10)tumn to/ask for help from 五、连词成句 1.We should play by the rules 2.In order to keep safe,we must follow rules.We must follow rules in order to keep safe. 3.You should avoid posting personal information. 4.He kicked the ball into the goal. 5.Is it a piece of cake?(原题给问号，故为一般疑问句)或It is a piece of cake?(口语中也可)标准语 法：Is it a piece of cake? 单元语法讲练： 考点1：情态动词表义务、禁止与许可(must/have to/can/could/may) 考点精讲 情态动词 含义 用法说明 规则场景例句 You must wear seat belts ①表说话人主观要求 in the car..你乘车必须 的义务、规定：② 系安全带。You must 必须：禁止(mustn't)) mustn't表“禁止，不 mustn't run in the 准”，语气强烈 hallway.你不准在走廊 里跑。 表客观条件要求的义 I have to get up early for the school bus have to 不得不，必须 务，有第三人称单数 tomorrow.我明天得早 (has to)、时态变化 起赶校车。 You can eat in the dining ①口语中表许可；② hall.你可以在食堂吃 can 可以；不能(cant) cant表“不允许”； 饭。 You can't take ③表具备某种能力 photos in the museum. 博物馆里不能拍照。 Could I use your ruler? 比can更礼貌、委婉， 我能用一下你的尺子 could 可以 用于正式场合请求许 吗？ 可，回答用can Yes,you can.可 以。 may 可以：不得 最正式的许可表达， May I come in?我可以 (may not) 常用于公告、正式规 进来吗？Passenge1s 则 may not smoke on the tain.乘客不得在火车 上吸烟。 /易错提醒：must引导的一般疑问句，否定回答用needn't/don't have to(不必)，不用 mustn't(禁止)。 例：一Must I finish the homework now?我必须现在写完作业吗？ -No,you needn't./you don't have to.不，你不必。 即学即练（情态动词用法）单项选择 1.You touch the paintings in the art museum.It's against the rules A.mustn't B.needn't C.couldn't D.may 2. I take the magazine out of the reading room? A.Could;can't B.Must;can't C.Will;mustn't D.May;needn't 3.My bike was broken this morning,so I walk to school. A.must B.have to C.had to D.can 4.-Must we hand in the report before this Friday? A.mustn't B.can't C.needn't D.shouldn't 5.According to the traffic rules,drivers wear seat belts when driving A.can B.may C.must D.could 6.You speak loudly in the library.Other people are reading quietly. A.needn't B.may not C.mustn't D.couldn't 7. you pass me the rule book?I want to check the club rules. A.Must B.Could C.Need D.Should 8.Students bring food or drinks into the computer room.It's a rule of our school. A.may not B.needn't C.wouldn't D.could 9.We follow the social rules when we are in public places.It's everyone's responsibility. A.can B.may C.should D.might 10. I sit here?The seat is taken,right? A.Must;mustn't B.May;can C.Need;needn't D.Can;can't 考点2：被动语态（规则场景核心应用） 考点精讲 1.核心概念 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者→例：We must follow the rules.(我们执行“遵守”这个动 作) 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者，规则、公告、标志中常用被动，表达更客观正式→例： Rules must be followed.(规则是“被遵守”的对象) 结构总公式：主语+be+及物动词过去分词(pp.)+(by+动作执行者) 必记：不及物动词(happen/take place/aive/appear等)无被动语态。 2.本单元重点掌握的两类被动结构 类型 结构公式 规则场景例句 Smoking is not allowed in public places..公共场所不允许吸烟。 一般现在时被动（客观规则、 am/is/are+动词过去分词 固定要求) Road signs are put up to tell people traffic rules.道路标识被 设立来告知人们交通规则。 Mobile phones must be tumned off during the meeting.会议期间手 情态动词 机必须关机。Litter can'tbe 含情态动词的被动（规则中的 (can/must/may/should)+be+ thrown everywhere in the park. 强制、许可、要求) 动词过去分词 公园里不能乱扔垃圾。Food may not be eaten on the subway. 地铁上不允许吃东西。 3.主动变被动3步骤（规则类句子转换) ①把主动句的宾语（动作承受者）提出来，作被动句的主语： ②根据原句时态/情态动词，写出对应被动结构的b部分： ③把主动句的谓语动词变为过去分词，主动句主语放by后（可省略）。 例：主动：We must keep the room clean. 被动：The room must be kept(byus)clean. 即学即练（被动语态用法）单项选择 1.According to the new school rule,mobile phones brought into the classroom. A.aren't allowed B.don't allow C.aren't allowing D.won't allow 2.Teenagers under 16 to drive a car in China.It's against the law. A.don't allow B.aren't allowed C.didn't allow D.weren't allowed 3.The rubbish into the dustbin every day to keep the community clean. A.must throw B.must be thrown C.can throw D.may throw 4.-What do the signs say? -It says "No parking".Cars here. A.mustn't park B.can't park C.mustn't be parked D.needn't be parked 5.All the students to wear school uniforms on Monday morning A.require B.required C.are required D.will require 6.In the reading room,complete silence Everyone should keep quiet. A.needs B.needed C.is needed D.was needed 7.These photos in the museum.They are very valuable. A.must be taken care of B.must take care of C.can take care of D.may take care of 8.People who break the traffic rules with a fine A.punish B.are punished C.will punish D.punished 9.Food with strong smell on the high-speed train,like durian. A.can't eat B.can't be eaten C.shouldn't eat D.must eat 10.The safety rules to all the new passengers before the train leaves A.explain B.explained C.are explained D.are explaining 参考答案 即学即练（情态动词用法） 1.A2.A3.C4.C5.C6.C7.B8.A9.C10.B 即学即练（被动语态用法） 1.A2.B3.B4.C5.C6.C7.A8.B9.B10.C