Unit 4 Inventions-2026-2027学年八年级上册英语词汇语法讲练（沪教版）

Unit 4 Inventions 词汇语法讲练 一、单元核心单词 序号 单词 音标 词性 中文释义 1 balloon /ba'lu:n/ n. 气球 2 wheel /wil n. 轮；车轮 中心的；在中心 3 cemt血al /'sentral/ adj. 的 虽然；尽管；即 4 although l'ǒaU/ conj. 使 把…固定： 5 attach 6tεt 把…附 (在…上) 6 pull pol/ v. 拉；拽；扯；拖 7 international /.Inta'nae fnal/ adj. 国际的 8 path pa:θ/ n. 小路：小径 技能：技巧：技 0 technique /tek'ni:k/ n. 艺 10 depend /dI'pend/ 需要；依靠 11 doubt /daut/ n. 疑惑；疑问 12 personally /p3:senali/ adv. 就个人意见 13 prediction /pn'drk n/ n. 预言：预测 14 statement /'stertmant/ n. 说明 (有益的)优 15 benefit /'benrfit/ n. 势：益处 (飞行器的)翅 16 wing /w四/ 1n. 膀；机翼 17 distance /'distans/ n. 距离 18 petrol /petral/ n. 汽油 19 avoid /e'voId/ 避免：防止 在（或去）任何 20 anywhere /'eniwea(r)/ adv. 地方 看（或听）到： 21 notice /'nautrs/ 注意到 打字：（印刷用 22 type /tarp/ v.. 的)活字 23 mixture /'mikstfa(r)/ n. 混合物 24 heat /hi:t/ 加热；变热 25 press /pres/ (被)压；按 26 metal /'metl/ n. 金属 二、单元核心短语 序号 短语 音标 中文释义 steam locomotive 蒸汽机车 2 crewed spacecraft 载人航天器 3 on foot 步行 a number of 几个：若干 5 take place 发生；进行 6 for instance 例如；比如 7 large amounts of 大量 8 international trade 国际贸易 9 depend on 依靠；依赖 10 3D printer 3D打印机 11 without doubt 毫无疑问 12 of all time 自古以来：有史以来 13 make fun of 取笑；拿…开玩笑 14 traffic jam 堵车；交通阻塞 词汇短语练习 一、根据汉语意思或首字母，写出正确的单词。（每题2分，共20分） 1.气球 2.中心的 3.虽然 4.把…固定 5.拉；拽 6.国际的 7.小路 8.技能 9.依靠 10.疑惑 二、单项选择，选出最合适的一项。（每题2分，共30分） 1.The first hot-air was invented in 1783 A.balloon B.wheel C.path D.wing 2.We can the rope to the tree to make a swing A.pull B.attach C.avoid D.notice 3 it rained heavily,they still went to the science museum. A.Although B.Because C.So D.But 4.The main of this new machine is to save time and money A.benefit B.doubt C.prediction D.statement 5.Cars run on not on water A.petrol B.metal C.mixture D.distance 6.The of the robot can help people do housework A.technique B.wheel C.wing D.path 7.You should making the same mistake again. A.attach B.avoid C.pull D.heat 8.The invention of made travel faster and easier. A.steam locomotive B.on foot C.traffic jam D.3D printer 9.Children on their parents for food and clothes. A.depend B.doubt C.press D.type 10.There is no that he will win the competition A.benefit B.doubt C.mixture D.statement 11.The of the plane is made of strong metal A.balloon B.wheel C.wing D.path 12.We can travel to any place by car or bus. A.anywhere B.personally C.central D.although 13.The first spacecraft was launched in 1961 A.crewed B.international C.central D.steam 14. he is young,he knows a lot about inventions. A.Although B.Because C.For instance D.Without doubt 15.The of the button starts the machine A.heat B.press C.pull D.type 三、用所给单词的适当形式或对应词填空。 (每题2分，共20分) 1.They have made a (predict)about the future of robots. 2.We need to hot)the water to 100°C 3.This is an (nation)problem that affects many countries. 4.He (type)a long email to his fiiend yesterday. 5.The (press)of the button is easy. 6.She walked along a narrow (小路)in the forest. 7. (个人认为)，I think the smartphone is the greatest invention. 8.The teacher asked us to (the differences between the two inventions. 9.There is a strange (mix)of colours in the painting 10.The hot-air (balloon)rose slowly into the sky. 四、情景交际：补全对话（每空2分，共20分） A:Have you heard about the new invention?It's a(1) (3D printer). B:Yes,it can print many things.(2) (For instance),it can print a toy car. A:I think the invention of the wheel is very important.Before that,people could only travel (3) (on foot). B:That's true.And the steam locomotive changed (4) (international trade)a lot. A:Also,the(5) (crewed spacecraft)helped humans go into space. B:(6) (Without doubt),these inventions have made our lives better. A:But sometimes new inventions can cause problems,like (7) (traffic jam)in big cities. B:Yes,we should (8) (avoid)using cars too much. A:By the way,do you know when the first(9) (balloon)was invented? B:(10) (Personally),it was in the 18th century. 五、连词成句（注意标点和大小写）。（每题5分，共25分） 1.wheel,is,important,the,invention,an ( → 2.depend,we,on,the,sun,for,heat(.) → 3.avoid,you,should,traffic,jams (. → 4.without,doubt,he,is,the,best (. → 5.notice,you,did,the,balloon,in,the,sky (? 参考答案 一、根据汉语意思或首字母，写出正确的单词 1.balloon 2.central 3.although 4.attach 5.pull 6.international 7.path 8.technique 9.depend 10.doubt 二、单项选择 1.A2.B3.A4.A5.A6.A7.B8.A9.A10.B11.C12.A13.A14.A15.B 三、用所给单词的适当形式或对应词填空 1.prediction 2.heat 3.international 4.typed 5.press 6.path 7.Personally 8.notice 9.mixture 10.balloon 四、情景交际：补全对话 (1)3D printer(2)For instance(3)on foot(4)international trade(5)crewed spacecraft(6)Without doubt(7) traffic jam(8)avoid (9)balloon(10)Personally 五、连词成句 1.The wheel is an important invention. 2.We depend on the sun for heat 3.You should avoid traffic jams. 4.Without doubt,he is the best. 5.Did you notice the balloon in the sky? 单元语法讲练： 考点1：good/welL、bad/i、far的不规则比较级与最高级 核心规则表 原级 比较级 最高级 词义说明 good（形容词，好 修饰名词用good;修 的)wel(副词/形容 better best 饰动词/表身体状态用 词，好地；健康的) well 表事物糟糕程度用 bad(形容词，坏的、 bad;表身体生病状态 糟糕的)（形容 worse worst 用，作定语“坏的” 词，生病的) 只能用bad farther/far thest侧重物理 空间距离更远； far(形容词/副词，远 farther further farthest furthest further//furthest侧重抽象 的；远地) 程度（更进一步、更 深层次) 用法提示 √比较级用于两者之间对比，标志词than √最高级用于三者及以上范围对比，前通常加the,后常接in/of表范围 √常见固定搭配： had better(not)do sth.最好（不）做某事 What's worse更糟糕的是 further study深造；further information更多信息 即学即练（不规则比较级与最高级）单项选择 1.Of all the inventions in the 20th century,I think the computer is one A.good B.better C.best D.the best 2.-How are you feeling today? A.bad B.worse C.worst D.the worst 3.My home is from school than Lily's,so I take the bus to school every day. A.far B.farther C.further D.furthest 4.If you want to get information about the new invention,you can visit the science museum. A.far B.farther C.further D.farthest 5.-Who plays the piano Sam,Jerry or Lisa? A.well B.better C.best D.good 6.The weather today is much than yesterday.We have to put off our trip to the invention fair. A.bad B.worse C.worst D.the worst 7.You drink too much cold water after running,or you may feel sick A.had better B.had better not C.had worse D.had worst 8.The wheel is one of inventions in human history.It changed people's way of travelling greatly A.important B.more important C.most important D.the most important 9.I can't run as fast as Jim,but I swim than him. A.well B.better C.best D.good 10.-Which is the telephone,the light bulb or the printing press? A.useful B.more useful C.most useful D.the most useful 考点2：(not)as+原级+as同级比较句型 核心规则表 结构 含义 用法说明 单元例句 表两者程度相同，中 Early wheels were not as as+形容词/副词原级 和…一样… 间必须用原级，不能 convenient as modern +as 用比较级/最高级 wheels. A carriage does not run not as/,so+形容词/副 不如…；比不 前者程度不如后者， as fast as a car.=A 词原级+as 上… 可与比较级转换 carriage runs slower than a car. as many+可数名词复 和…一样多（可 表数量相同，修饰可 People can invent as many new things as they 数+as 数) 数名词复数 can imagine. as much+不可数名词 和…一样多（不可 表数量相同，修饰不 The old lamp does't give as much light as the as 数) 可数名词 LED light. 易错提醒 √中间只能放形容词/副词原级，不能出现er/more形式 √asas结构前可以用倍数、half等修饰，表“是…的几倍/一半”：e.g.The new plane is twice as fast as the old one. 否定结构中第一个as可以换成so,即not so...as,含义不变 即学即练（同级比较句型）单项选择 1.The first mobile phone was a brick.It was very heavy A.as big as B.as bigger as C.so big as D.bigger as 2.A bicycle does't cost a car.Most people can afford it. A.as many as B.as much as C.more than D.the most as 3.The light bulb is one of the greatest inventions.Now people can do things at night they do in the day A.as many;as B.as much;as C.so many;than D.as more;as 4.The new printer does't work the old one.We need to have it repaired. A.as well as B.as better as C.as good as D.as worse as 5.-I think Maths is English. -I don't think so.English is easier for me. A.so difficult as B.as difficult as C.as more difficult as D.difficult than 6.With the invention of the Internet,people can get information as they want at home. A.as many B.as much C.so many D.so much 7.The high-speed train runs almost a plane.It only takes 2 hours from Beijing to Tianjin. A.as fast as B.as faster as C.so fast as D.the fastest as 8.This new kind of battery does't last the old kind,so we need to change it often. A.as long as B.as longer as C.so longer as D.longer than 9.After the invention of movable type,people could print books before. A.as many;than B.as much;as C.many more;as D.as many;as 10.-Does Tony run as fast as Tom? A.as faster as B.so fast as C.faster than D.so faster as 参考答案 即学即练（不规则比较级与最高级） 1.D2.B3.B4.C5.C6.B7.B8.D9.B10.D 即学即练（同级比较句型） 1.A2.B3.A4.A5.B6.B7.A8.A9.D10.B