2027届高考英语一轮复习专题之谓语动词导 学案

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统整合了动词时态、语态、主谓一致、情态动词、虚拟语气五大核心语法模块，配套分层综合训练与书面表达句式升级内容，构建了从基础规则到高考应用的完整复习体系。 清单采用结构总表与真题例句结合的方式，如十种时态设核心用法解析及标志词判断法，虚拟语气分场景配句式模板，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。分层训练含基础填空、真题精选及语篇应用，书面表达模块提供时态综合、被动语态等升级句式，助力学生自主高效复习，为教师提供精准教学支持。

第一模块 动词时态（10 种核心时态精讲） 一、十种时态结构总表 时态 基本结构 一般现在时 do/does；am/is/are 一般过去时 did；was/were 一般将来时 will do / be going to do / be to do / be about to do 过去将来时 would do / was/were going to do 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 过去进行时 was/were doing 将来进行时 will be doing 现在完成时 have/has done 过去完成时 had done 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 二、分时态核心用法 + 真题例句 1. 一般现在时 （1）经常性、习惯性动作，标志词：always, usually, often, every…, sometimes Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. （2）时间 / 条件 / 让步状语从句，主将从现，从句用一般现在表将来 They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. （3）客观真理、自然常识，不受主句时态影响 The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. （4）时刻表、日程表表计划出发 / 抵达，仅限 go/leave/take off/start 等移动动词 The flight takes off at 8:30 every Wednesday and Friday. 图片、剧本、场景解说专用时态 2. 一般过去时 （1）过去特定时间发生动作，标志词：yesterday, last…, …ago, the other day There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with nature. （2）上下文隐性过去时间提示；主句过去将来时，从句用一般过去 He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her. 3. 一般将来时四种表达 （1）will do：临时决定、客观预测 —I don’t know the time. —Wait, I will check it for you. （2）be going to do：计划打算；有迹象预示即将发生 Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. （3）be to do：官方计划、规定、约定、职责要求 I am to meet Mr Brown at eleven o’clock this morning. （4）be about to do：正要做，不搭配具体时间；固定句型 be about to do…when… We were about to leave when a loud noise came from next door. 4. 现在进行时 （1）此时此刻 / 现阶段正在发生动作 Now I’m helping panda keepers with English to realize my dream indirectly. （2）go/come/leave/arrive 等移动动词，进行时表近期计划 My sister is setting off for Tokyo tomorrow morning. （3）always/constantly 表反复行为，带褒贬感情色彩 The boy is always talking loudly in public, annoying his parents. 5. 过去进行时：过去某一刻 / 阶段持续动作；when/while 引导时间从句 The teacher walked in while the boy was reading a novel. 过去计划出行，用于间接引语 She asked whether he was coming back for dinner. 6. 将来进行时 将来某时段持续进行，标志：at this time tomorrow, between…and… Don’t call me 5–6 pm tomorrow. We’ll be having dinner then. 7. 现在完成时（高考最高频） （1）过去动作对现在造成结果，标志：already, yet, just, ever I have spent two years recording all I found as a photographer. （2）动作始于过去持续至今，标志：so far, in the past/last…, since, up to now Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past decade. （3）固定句型必用现在完成时 ① This is the first/second…time that sb have done ② This is the + 最高级 + 名词 + that sb have ever done This is the first time that I have delivered a speech in public. 8. 过去完成时：动作发生在过去另一个动作之前（过去的过去） 标志：by + 过去时间，by the time + 过去从句，before, hardly…when…, no sooner…than… She lived with a family she had never met before. 补充：had hoped/expected/intended 表过去未实现的愿望 I had hoped to finish work early, but I failed. 9. 过去将来时：用于宾语从句、间接引语，立足过去看未来；结构 would do /was going to do She said she would retire the following year. 10. 现在完成进行时 动作从过去持续到现在，可能继续；强调反复、不间断 They have been publishing articles for our magazine all these years. 三、时态判断四大解题方法 标志词判断法：抓取句中时间状语锁定时态； 固定句型判断法：牢记 time that、since、hardly…when 等固定句式时态规则； 语境综合判断法：通读全文，判断事件发生的时间维度； 时态呼应判断法：主句将来，从句一般现在；主句过去，从句统一对应过去类时态。 小试牛刀1（时态填空） 1.The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue ________(tell) you the story. 2.While regular running can’t extend lifespan forever, studies say it ________(be) more effective than walking. 3.We ________(hire) bikes at the south gate. My bike was old but worked well. 参考答案 1.will tell 2. is 3. hired 小试牛刀2 1.She ________(play) with her phone when her boss walked into the office. 2.Next Friday we will attend a concert; they ________(play) Mozart’s works then. 3—Let’s go skating. —Sorry, I ________(fill) in a job application now. 参考答案 1.was playing 2. will be playing 3. am filling 小试牛刀3 1.Before getting in the car, I thought I ________(master) the coach’s orders, but my mind went blank. I forgot everything he ________(say). 2.For thousands of years, people ________(pass) down fables to spread wisdom. 3.I ________(hope) to win first prize, but the result disappointed me. 参考答案 1.had mastered; had said 2. have passed 3. had hoped 小试牛刀 1.—Where is Peter? —He went to the library after breakfast and ________(write) his essay ever since. 2.Few people guessed that Einstein ________(become) a world-famous scientist whose theories ________(change) the whole world. 参考答案 1.has been writing 2. would be; would change 综合时态句型填空 1.The twins ________(stew) chicken porridge when their father rushed into the kitchen. 2.It’s high time that we ________(take) measures to protect water resources. 3.This is the first time I ________(be) to the Great Wall. 4.Give up in winter, and you ________(miss) all the beauty of the other three seasons. 参考答案 1.were stewing 2. took / should take 3. have been 4. will miss 第二模块 动词语态（主动 / 被动） 一、八大时态被动结构 一般现在：am/is/are done 一般过去：was/were done 一般将来：will be done 过去将来：would be done 现在进行：am/is/are being done 过去进行：was/were being done 现在完成：have/has been done 过去完成：had been done 将来完成：will have been done 情态动词被动：情态动词 + be done 二、被动语态适用场景 动作执行者未知、无需点明； 突出动作承受者，强调对象； 书面正式文体（应用文、读写素材优先被动）。 三、无被动语态动词 / 短语（高频易错） 表拥有、花费：have, cost, lack 表归属、适配：belong to, suit 表自然发生：happen, take place, break out, last, run out 表构成、追溯：consist of, date from 四、主动形式表被动意义六大结构（高考高频陷阱） 主语为物，动词表性能：sell/wash/write/read/cook + well/easily The new novel sells well. 感官系动词：smell/taste/feel/look/sound/prove + adj. The plan sounds practical. won’t/can’t + open/lock/move 表物品属性 The door won’t close. need/want/require/bear + doing = to be done The house needs repairing. be worth doing（仅主动表被动） The documentary is worth watching. be to blame 应受责备（固定主动表被动） Who is to blame for the mistake? 五、get done 口语化被动 get treated/get hurt/get lost 多用于日常对话，书面优先 be done。 语态判断解题思路 判断主谓逻辑：主语承受动作→被动；主语发出动作→主动； 排查特殊动词：无被动动词直接填主动； 核对时态、主谓单复数，统一变形。 小试牛刀之综合运用 1.The city ________(recognize) as Europe’s music capital since the 16th century. 2.My washing machine ________(repair) this week, so I wash clothes by hand. 3.Cycling, along with jogging, ________(regard) as top fitness exercise nowadays. 4.It is Jack that ________(blame) for his son’s bad grades. 5.The GPNP ________(design) to protect natural ecosystem integrity. 6.Classics are well worth ________(read). 7.The medical team which ________(consist) of three doctors has set off. 8.The development plan ________(carry) out in the village over the past two years. 参考答案 1.has been recognized 2. is being repaired 3. is regarded 4. is to blame 5.is designed 6. reading 7. consists 8. has been carried 第三模块 主谓一致 主谓一致三大核心原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致 一、语法一致（主语单复数决定谓语） 不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语，谓语单数 To travel abroad is my dream. 主语后带 with/together with/as well as/except/besides，谓语随前面主语 Tom, as well as his classmates, likes poetry. someone/everyone/anything 等不定代词，谓语单数 many a /more than one + 单数名词，谓语单数 定语从句谓语与先行词单复数匹配 二、意义一致（看主语实际含义，不看形式） 时间、金钱、距离复数名词表整体，谓语单数 Three years is a long time. a number of + 复数名词→谓语复数；the number of→谓语单数 the majority of / 分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词，谓语由 of 后名词决定 the + 形容词表一类人，谓语复数（the poor, the old） family/team/class/government：强调整体→单数；强调个体成员→复数 三、就近一致（there be /or/neither…nor /either…or /not only…but also） 谓语与最近主语单复数保持一致 There is a pen and two books on the desk. 四、特殊名词主谓规则 and 连接同一人 / 同一事物（the singer and writer）→谓语单数；两样事物→复数 news、学科 physics/mathematics、国名 the United States，谓语单数 people/police/cattle，谓语复数；goods/arms/stairs 只用复数谓语 means/deer/sheep 单复数同形，看修饰词判断单复数 quantities of + 任意名词，谓语一律复数；a quantity of 看后面名词 小试牛刀1 1.The teacher and poet often ________(give) lectures around the city. 2.Tom, rather than you, ________(be) responsible for the accident. 3.His family ________ small, but the family ________ all music lovers. 4.The poor ________(look) down upon in old society. 5.Listening to loud music ________(cause) hearing loss for teenagers so far. 6.There ________ an old man and two boys waiting outside. 参考答案 1.gives 2. is 3. is; are 4. were 5. has caused 6. is 小试牛刀之高考真题类填空 1.The areas that ________(be) unprotected before will get full coverage. 2.Visiting Huangshan ________(remind) me of the classic song. 3.Only a small part of museum collections ________(be) on show. 参考答案 1.were 2. reminds 3. is 第四模块 情态动词（推测 / 语气 / 虚拟基础） 一、七大情态动词基础用法 1. can / could can：能力、许可、客观可能性；否定 / 疑问句表推测（不可能） could：委婉请求；过去能力；对过去推测（could have done） 固定搭配：can’t…too/enough 再…… 也不为过 You can’t be too careful when crossing roads. 2. may / might may：请求许可、现在肯定推测（可能性中等） might：语气更弱；might have done 对过去不确定推测 短语：may as well 不妨，还是…… 好 3. must 必须；否定回答用 needn’t /don’t have to 肯定句推测：must be 现在一定；must have done 过去一定 mustn’t 禁止，不可用于推测 4. should 理应、按常理推测；should do should have done 本应做却没做；shouldn’t have done 本不该做却做了 虚拟句式：It’s necessary/strange that sb (should) do 5. shall 一三人称疑问句表请求：Shall I open the window? 法律、规定表强制；二三人称表警告、允诺、威胁 6. will / would will：意愿、事物固有属性、当下习惯；临时决定 would：过去习惯性动作；委婉请求 7. need / dare 情态动词：多用于否定、疑问，无 to 实义动词：肯定句，加 to do；有助动词变形 二、情态动词 + have done 必考分类 （1）对过去推测 must have done 过去一定（仅肯定句） may/might have done 过去可能（肯 / 否） can’t/couldn’t have done 过去不可能（否 / 疑问） （2）与过去事实相反（遗憾 / 责备） could have done 本可以做却没做 needn’t have done 本不必做却做了 should/ought to have done 本应做没做 shouldn’t have done 本不该做却做了 第五模块 虚拟语气（高考难点，书面表达提分） 一、四大类虚拟场景 场景 1：wish /would rather /as if /if only 从句虚拟 对现在虚拟：从句谓语过去式（be 统一用 were） 对过去虚拟：had done 对将来虚拟：would/could/might do；would rather 从句只用过去式 I wish I were a bird. If only I had caught the fish yesterday. I’d rather you stayed at home now. 场景 2：if 条件虚拟（核心考点） 表格 假设时间 If 从句 主句 现在 did / were would/could/might do 过去 had done would/could/might have done 将来 did / should do / were to do would/could/might do 省略 if 倒装：从句含 were/had/should，去掉 if，提前这三个词 If I had studied hard → Had I studied hard 错综时间虚拟：主从句时间不一致，分别变形 If you had listened to me yesterday, you wouldn’t be upset now. 含蓄虚拟（无 if，靠介词 / 连词暗示） without/but for/or/otherwise/but 替代条件句 But for your help, I couldn’t have succeeded. 场景 3：名词性从句虚拟（一坚持二命令三要求四建议） 动词：insist, order, command, require, request, demand, suggest, advise, propose 从句固定结构：(should) + 动词原形，should 可省略 延伸：It is required/suggested that…；名词 suggestion/request 后的表语 / 同位语从句同样用 (should) do 场景 4：固定句型虚拟 It is high/about time that sb did /should do sth 是时候该…… 了 It’s necessary/important/strange that sb (should) do 虚拟语气小试牛刀 1.If only I ________(be) to Antarctica! 2.Our request is that the matter ________(settle) as soon as possible. 3.He must have had an accident; otherwise he ________(arrive) on time. 4.If you ________(take) my advice, you wouldn’t have failed the exam. 5.How I wish every student ________(own) a scientific study method! 参考答案 1.were 2. (should) be settled 3. would have arrived 4. had taken 5. owned 第六模块 分层综合训练（基础→真题→语篇） 一 基础过关 1.Jack ________(work) in the lab when power cut off. 2.Jenny should ________(keep) her promise; I wonder why she changed her mind. 3.The city reappeared after it ________(sink) decades ago. 4.Great efforts ________(make) to protect folk dance culture in the past decades. 5.The craft ________(bring) to Guizhou from Jiangxi long ago. 6.Young people ________(take) up Jingxi Taiping Drum now. 7.Funds ________(distribute) over four years to support homeless citizens. 8.Xuan paper ________(design) to keep ink fresh for over 1,000 years. 9.Diancha ________(list) as intangible cultural heritage in 2019. 10.Related soccer topics ________(become) top hot searches ever since the winning games. 参考答案 1.was working 2. have kept 3. had sunk 4. have been made 5. was brought 6.are taking 7. will be distributed 8. is designed 9. was listed 10. have become 二、高考真题精选填空 1.Classic literary forms can still ________(employ) to reveal social truths today. 2.The city’s balanced development ________(mean) there is always new scenery to discover. 3.Around 200 climate scientists ________(promise) to cut air travel since the activity began two years ago. 4.Henry ________(fix) his car when he heard screams. 5.He threw aside tools and ________(run) forward at once. 6.Xi’an City Wall ________(build) in Tang Dynasty for defense. 7.As the brain ________(connect) information, it creates dreams. 8.Professor King ________(deliver) a lecture in a minute; let me introduce him first. 9.Around 35,000 artworks ________(display) in Louvre now. 参考答案 1.be employed 2. means 3. have promised 4. was fixing 5. ran 6.was built 7. connects 8. will deliver 9. are displayed 第七模块 书面表达句式升级（谓语动词语法应用） 句式 1 时态综合运用 例句：His words were compiled into The Analects, which has been studied for centuries. 仿写：Though I felt regret leaving China last year, I am glad to know you live happily in your hometown now. 句式 2 主将从现 例句：Students will lose motivation if they cooperate with incompatible partners. 仿写：If you are free next Sunday, I will wait for you at the school gate and we will enjoy ourselves together. 句式 3 被动语态提升正式度 例句：Shared stories can inspire others to gain happiness from childhood hobbies. 仿写：It can be easily seen that 65% of students choose English songs and 50% choose English films. 句式 4 虚拟语气高级句型 （1）if 过去虚拟 例句：If I hadn’t prepared fully for the contest, I wouldn’t have won first prize. 仿写：If I hadn’t read Youth English newspaper, I wouldn’t have made such great progress in English. （2）It’s high time that… 例句：It’s high time that we devoted ourselves to ocean protection. 仿写：All in all, it is high time that we raised awareness of environmental protection. （3）suggest 虚拟从句 例句：I suggest that you take listening and speaking lessons first. 仿写：It is required that students who want to take part should arrive at the lecture hall on time to watch the film and join in discussion. （4）without 含蓄虚拟 例句：Without my teacher’s encouragement, I couldn’t have won the award. 仿写：Without her professional guidance and help, I couldn’t have made so much progress in English learning. 句式 5 倒装提升文采（only + 状语） 例句：Only by matching students based on ability can we create effective learning environment. 仿写：From my learning experience, I fully realize that only through constant practice can we overcome all kinds of difficulties. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $