Unit 5 Period 1 Reading and Thinking （分层作业）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 本同步练习以“分层进阶+高考衔接”为特色，通过A/B/C组及拓展层的梯度设计，实现从词汇基础到语篇应用的知识巩固，适配新授课差异化教学需求，兼顾语言能力与思维品质培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组|核心词汇（短语翻译、单词拼写）、基础语法（单句填空）|聚焦课文基础目标，题型直接对应词汇与语法点，夯实语言能力基础| |B组|句型应用（完成句子）、语篇语法填空|整合词汇与语法，在语境中综合运用，提升语言表达准确性，衔接思维品质培养| |C组|阅读理解、七选五|通过袁隆平事迹语篇分析逻辑关系，发展批判性思维，渗透文化意识中的家国情怀| |拓展|高考真题（七选五）|对接高考题型，强化应试策略，提升学习能力中的自主迁移能力|

分层作业 Unit 5 Period1 Reading and Thinking 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.the father of hybrid rice 2．devote one's life to 3．food shortage 4．tackle the crisis 5．boost the yield 6．it is estimated that... 7．domestic consumption 8．be comprised of 9．deep down 10．fulfil one's vision 2、 根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．hybrid 2．devoted 3．shortage 4．tackle 5．boost 6．yield 7．It is estimated 8．wealth 9．vision 10．grain 三、单句语法填空。 1.known 2.helping 3.is comprised 4.through 5.varieties 6.their 7.as 8.showing 9.developing 10.To tackle 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．is known as 2．devoted his life to 3．It is estimated that 4．was convinced that 5．their output greatly 6．Deep down 7．for fame or wealth 8．away from hunger 5、 语法填空 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平事迹及其对全球粮食安全的巨大贡献。 1．However 考查副词。前文提到袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一，后文说他认为自己是一位农民，前后为转折关系，句首首字母大写，故填However。 2．had devoted 考查时态。devote的动作发生在considered之前，表示"过去的过去"，应用过去完成时，故填had devoted。 3．whom 考查定语从句。此处为"介词+关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为millions of Chinese farmers，指人，关系代词用whom，故填whom。 4．shortage 考查名词。形容词serious后接名词，shortage意为"短缺"，故填shortage。 5．at 考查介词。receive an education at...意为"在……接受教育"，故填at。 6．convinced 考查形容词。be convinced that...意为"深信……"，convinced为形容词作表语，故填convinced。 7．varieties 考查名词复数。two or more后接可数名词复数形式，故填varieties。 8．greatly考查副词。此处修饰动词expand，应用副词形式，故填greatly。 9．domestic考查形容词。此处修饰名词rice consumption，应用形容词形式，故填domestic。 10．as考查固定搭配。such as意为"例如"，为固定搭配，故填as。 6、 阅读理解 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了"杂交水稻之父"袁隆平的生平事迹、科研成就及其对全球粮食安全的深远影响。 1．B 细节理解题。根据第二段"In the 1960s, China was suffering from severe food shortages. Yuan was determined to find a way to increase rice yields."可知，20世纪60年代中国的严重粮食短缺激励了袁隆平研究杂交水稻。故选B。 2．C 细节理解题。根据第四段"Even in his 80s, he continued to do research in the fields."可知，袁隆平即使在80多岁时仍继续在田间做研究。故选C。 3．A 词义猜测题。根据最后一段"Today, hybrid rice feeds about 20% of the world's population... His work has not only ensured China's food security..."可知，legacy指的是袁隆平留下的影响和贡献。故选A。 4．D 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了袁隆平的生平、成就及其对全人类的贡献，D项"袁隆平：一位全人类的先驱"最能概括全文主旨。故选D。 七选五 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成为一名成功的科学家所需具备的基本素质。 1．C 由上文"Becoming a successful scientist requires more than just intelligence."可知，上文提到成为成功的科学家需要的不仅仅是智力。本空应进一步说明还需要什么。C选项"It requires a combination of personal qualities and skills"说明了还需要个人品质和技能的结合，能承接上文并引出下文的具体素质，符合题意。故选C。 2．A 此空为段落标题。由下文"Successful scientists are driven by a deep desire to understand how things work."可知，本段主要讲的是好奇心对科学家的驱动作用。A选项"Curiosity as the driving force"能够概括本段内容，作为标题合适。故选A。 3．B 由上文"Scientific research is filled with setbacks and failed experiments."可知，上文提到科学研究充满挫折和失败。本空应进一步说明如何看待失败。B选项"They view each failure as a learning opportunity"说明了他们把每次失败视为学习机会，能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 4．E 由上文"Science is rarely a solo endeavour."可知，上文提到科学很少是单打独斗的。本空应进一步说明科学研究需要合作。E选项"It often requires the collective effort of many researchers"说明了科学研究往往需要许多研究者的集体努力，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 5．D 由上文"Scientists must ensure that their work benefits society and does not cause harm."可知，上文提到科学家必须确保其工作造福社会。本空应进一步说明科学家的责任。D选项"They should always put public interest above personal gain"说明了科学家应始终把公共利益置于个人利益之上，能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 （2024·全国甲卷·七选五） 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何进行适度饮食的方法。 1. F。空格处于段落中间，起着承上启下的作用。空格前What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 适度是什么？基本上，这意味着只吃你身体需要的食物。用餐结束时你应该感到满足，但不要太饱。本句解释了什么是适度饮食，适度饮食意味着只吃你身体所需的食物量。F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.对我们中的许多人来说，适度意味着比现在吃得少。承接上文对适度饮食做进一步的解释，同时承接下一句。But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.但这并不意味着要和你喜欢的食物说再见。F 项符合语境。 因此应选F。 2. C。空格处于段落中间，起着承上启下的作用。根据本段的主题句 Take your time.别急，慢慢来，以及 It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 慢下来，把食物当成有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要。可知，空格处与要慢慢吃饭有关，C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.不要在上班的路上狼吞虎咽，同时承接下文...so eat slowly...,符合语境。因此应选C。 3. E。空格处于段尾，往往是对本段的总结或承上而来。空格前面It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适度饮食就更具挑战性了。E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.相反，让自己周围充满健康的选择，承接上文，其中 E 项中的 healthy 和前文的 unhealthy 是反义词复现。 4. B。空格处于段落中间，起着承上启下的作用。根据本段的主题句Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 控制情绪化饮食和空格处后的Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. 我们中的许多人也求助于食物来处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊。此句解释了情绪化饮食的原因。其中的also说明本句讲的是人们吃食物的另一种原因。B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.我们并不总是为了充饥而吃东西。其中B 项的 not just 和空白处后的 also 是递进关系。并引出与主题句一致的情绪化饮食的话题，符合语境，因此应选B。 5. A。空格处于段落的开始，一般为考查本段的主题句。根据空后的 healthy breakfast健康早餐 和 Avoid eating late at night.避免在深夜进食。以及 Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning.尽量早点吃晚餐，禁食14 - 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐。可知，本段与全天的健康饮食有关，A. Eat properly throughout the day.全天合理饮食，是对本段的总结，因此应选A。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 5 Period1 Reading and Thinking 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 杂交水稻之父 2. 毕生致力于 　 3.粮食短缺 　 4. 应对危机 　 5.提高产量 　 6. 估计；估算 　 6. 国内消费 　 8. 由……组成　 9. 内心深处 10. 实现某人的愿景 2、 根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．Yuan Longping is known as the "father of ________ (杂交的) rice". 2．He ________ (奉献) his life to agricultural research. 3．There was a serious food ________ (短缺) in the 1960s. 4．We must take effective measures to ________ (处理) this problem. 5．The new technology will ________ (促进) rice production greatly. 6．The ________ (产量) of rice per mu has increased significantly. 7．________ (据估计) that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains. 8．Yuan cared little for fame or ________ (财富). 9．He had a clear ________ (愿景) of feeding the world. 10．The ________ (谷物) of rice is the staple food for millions of people. 三、单句语法填空。 1．Yuan Longping, ________ (know) as the "father of hybrid rice", was one of China's most famous scientists. 2．He devoted his life to ________ (help) people around the world. 3．It is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China ________ (comprise) of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains. 4．Yuan worked the land ________ his research. 5．He was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice, a cross between two or more ________ (variety) of a species. 6．Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974, which enabled farmers to expand ________ (they) output greatly. 7．Deep down, Yuan was still very much a farmer at heart, ________ a man of the soil. 8．He made large donations to support agricultural research, ________ (show) his generosity. 9. He succeeded in ________ (develop) the first hybrid rice strain. 10. ________ (tackle) the food crisis, he carried out thousands of experiments. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 袁隆平被誉为"杂交水稻之父"。 Yuan Longping ________ ________ ________ the "father of hybrid rice". 2. 他毕生致力于帮助全世界的人民。 He ________ ________ ________ ________ helping people around the world. 3. 据估计，中国国内约60%的大米消费由袁隆平的杂交水稻品种供给。 ________ ________ ________ ________ about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains. 4. 他深信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。 He ________ ________ ________ the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 5. 这项创新使农民能够大幅提高产量。 This innovation enabled farmers to expand ________ ________ ________. 6. 内心深处，他仍然是一位农民。 ________ ________, he was still very much a farmer at heart. 7. 他对名利毫不在意。 He cared little ________ ________ ________ ________. 8. 他的愿景是让所有人远离饥饿。 His vision was to keep all the people ________ ________ ________. 5、 语法填空 Yuan Longping, known as the "father of hybrid rice", was one of China's most famous scientists. 1 , he considered himself a farmer because he continually worked the land in his research. Indeed, he 2 (devote) his life to millions of Chinese farmers, to 3 he had devoted his life. Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious 4 (short) of food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education 5 Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost their yields. But how could they do that? At the time, Yuan was 6 (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more 7 (variety) of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they can attain a higher yield than conventional crops. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output 8 (great). Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of 9 (domestically) rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. Yuan's innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such 10 India and Vietnam. 6、 阅读理解 Yuan Longping, the "Father of Hybrid Rice", passed away on May 22, 2021, at the age of 91. His death was mourned by millions of people across China and around the world. But who was Yuan Longping, and why was he so important? Born in 1930 in Beijing, Yuan Longping graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. In the 1960s, China was suffering from severe food shortages. Yuan was determined to find a way to increase rice yields. He spent years working in the fields, studying rice plants and conducting experiments. In 1973, Yuan succeeded in developing the world's first hybrid rice strain, which produced 20% more rice per hectare than conventional varieties. This breakthrough was a turning point in the fight against hunger. Since then, hybrid rice has been grown in many countries, including India, Vietnam, and the Philippines. Yuan never stopped working. Even in his 80s, he continued to do research in the fields. He once said, "My lifelong pursuit is to keep all the people away from hunger." His dedication and hard work earned him numerous awards, including the Medal of the Republic, China's highest honour. Yuan's legacy lives on. Today, hybrid rice feeds about 20% of the world's population using just 7% of the world's arable land. His work has not only ensured China's food security but also provided a model for other countries facing food shortages. 1．What inspired Yuan Longping to study hybrid rice? A．His parents' encouragement. B．The food shortages in China in the 1960s. C．His experience of studying abroad. D．The award he received from the government. 2．What can we learn about Yuan Longping from the passage? A．He stopped working after he retired. B．He was only interested in making money. C．He continued his research even in his 80s. D．He refused to share his technology with other countries. 3．What does the underlined word "legacy" in the last paragraph mean? A．The influence and contributions he left behind. B．The money he left behind. C．The fields he worked in. D．The awards he received. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The History of Rice Farming in China B．How to Increase Rice Yields C．The Challenges of Modern Agriculture D．Yuan Longping: A Pioneer for All People 7、 七选五 How to Become a Successful Scientist Becoming a successful scientist requires more than just intelligence. It demands curiosity, perseverance, and a genuine passion for discovery. 1 . Here are some essential qualities that every aspiring scientist should cultivate. 2 . Successful scientists are driven by a deep desire to understand how things work. They ask questions that others might not think to ask and are constantly seeking answers. This natural curiosity pushes them to explore unknown territories and challenge existing theories. Perseverance through failure Scientific research is filled with setbacks and failed experiments. 3 . Thomas Edison famously conducted thousands of failed experiments before successfully inventing the light bulb. What sets successful scientists apart is their ability to learn from mistakes and keep moving forward. Collaboration and communication Science is rarely a solo endeavour. 4 . Successful scientists know how to work effectively in teams, share their findings with others, and build on the work of their peers. They also need to communicate their research clearly to both scientific and general audiences. Ethical responsibility With great knowledge comes great responsibility. Scientists must ensure that their work benefits society and does not cause harm. 5 . This means being honest about their findings, acknowledging limitations, and considering the broader impact of their research. A．Curiosity as the driving force B．They view each failure as a learning opportunity C．It requires a combination of personal qualities and skills D．They should always put public interest above personal gain E．It often requires the collective effort of many researchers F．A strong educational background is the only path to success G．Without curiosity, scientific progress would come to a standstill （2024·全国甲卷·七选五） What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full.  1 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings.  2  It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, especially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies.  3 Control emotional (情绪的) eating.  4  Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. 5  A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A. Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 5 Period1 Reading and Thinking 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 杂交水稻之父 2. 毕生致力于 　 3.粮食短缺 　 4. 应对危机 　 5.提高产量 　 6. 估计；估算 　 6. 国内消费 　 8. 由……组成　 9. 内心深处 10. 实现某人的愿景 【答案】 1.the father of hybrid rice 2．devote one's life to 3．food shortage 4．tackle the crisis 5．boost the yield 6．it is estimated that... 7．domestic consumption 8．be comprised of 9．deep down 10．fulfil one's vision 2、 根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．Yuan Longping is known as the "father of ________ (杂交的) rice". 2．He ________ (奉献) his life to agricultural research. 3．There was a serious food ________ (短缺) in the 1960s. 4．We must take effective measures to ________ (处理) this problem. 5．The new technology will ________ (促进) rice production greatly. 6．The ________ (产量) of rice per mu has increased significantly. 7．________ (据估计) that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains. 8．Yuan cared little for fame or ________ (财富). 9．He had a clear ________ (愿景) of feeding the world. 10．The ________ (谷物) of rice is the staple food for millions of people. 【答案】 1．hybrid 2．devoted 3．shortage 4．tackle 5．boost 6．yield 7．It is estimated 8．wealth 9．vision 10．grain 三、单句语法填空。 1．Yuan Longping, ________ (know) as the "father of hybrid rice", was one of China's most famous scientists. 2．He devoted his life to ________ (help) people around the world. 3．It is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China ________ (comprise) of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains. 4．Yuan worked the land ________ his research. 5．He was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice, a cross between two or more ________ (variety) of a species. 6．Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974, which enabled farmers to expand ________ (they) output greatly. 7．Deep down, Yuan was still very much a farmer at heart, ________ a man of the soil. 8．He made large donations to support agricultural research, ________ (show) his generosity. 9. He succeeded in ________ (develop) the first hybrid rice strain. 10. ________ (tackle) the food crisis, he carried out thousands of experiments. 【答案】 1.known 2.helping 3.is comprised 4.through 5.varieties 6.their 7.as 8.showing 9.developing 10.To tackle 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 袁隆平被誉为"杂交水稻之父"。 Yuan Longping ________ ________ ________ the "father of hybrid rice". 2. 他毕生致力于帮助全世界的人民。 He ________ ________ ________ ________ helping people around the world. 3. 据估计，中国国内约60%的大米消费由袁隆平的杂交水稻品种供给。 ________ ________ ________ ________ about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains. 4. 他深信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。 He ________ ________ ________ the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 5. 这项创新使农民能够大幅提高产量。 This innovation enabled farmers to expand ________ ________ ________. 6. 内心深处，他仍然是一位农民。 ________ ________, he was still very much a farmer at heart. 7. 他对名利毫不在意。 He cared little ________ ________ ________ ________. 8. 他的愿景是让所有人远离饥饿。 His vision was to keep all the people ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 1．is known as 2．devoted his life to 3．It is estimated that 4．was convinced that 5．their output greatly 6．Deep down 7．for fame or wealth 8．away from hunger 5、 语法填空 Yuan Longping, known as the "father of hybrid rice", was one of China's most famous scientists. 1 , he considered himself a farmer because he continually worked the land in his research. Indeed, he 2 (devote) his life to millions of Chinese farmers, to 3 he had devoted his life. Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious 4 (short) of food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education 5 Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost their yields. But how could they do that? At the time, Yuan was 6 (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more 7 (variety) of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they can attain a higher yield than conventional crops. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output 8 (great). Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of 9 (domestically) rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. Yuan's innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such 10 India and Vietnam. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平事迹及其对全球粮食安全的巨大贡献。 1．However 考查副词。前文提到袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一，后文说他认为自己是一位农民，前后为转折关系，句首首字母大写，故填However。 2．had devoted 考查时态。devote的动作发生在considered之前，表示"过去的过去"，应用过去完成时，故填had devoted。 3．whom 考查定语从句。此处为"介词+关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为millions of Chinese farmers，指人，关系代词用whom，故填whom。 4．shortage 考查名词。形容词serious后接名词，shortage意为"短缺"，故填shortage。 5．at 考查介词。receive an education at...意为"在……接受教育"，故填at。 6．convinced 考查形容词。be convinced that...意为"深信……"，convinced为形容词作表语，故填convinced。 7．varieties 考查名词复数。two or more后接可数名词复数形式，故填varieties。 8．greatly考查副词。此处修饰动词expand，应用副词形式，故填greatly。 9．domestic考查形容词。此处修饰名词rice consumption，应用形容词形式，故填domestic。 10．as考查固定搭配。such as意为"例如"，为固定搭配，故填as。 6、 阅读理解 Yuan Longping, the "Father of Hybrid Rice", passed away on May 22, 2021, at the age of 91. His death was mourned by millions of people across China and around the world. But who was Yuan Longping, and why was he so important? Born in 1930 in Beijing, Yuan Longping graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. In the 1960s, China was suffering from severe food shortages. Yuan was determined to find a way to increase rice yields. He spent years working in the fields, studying rice plants and conducting experiments. In 1973, Yuan succeeded in developing the world's first hybrid rice strain, which produced 20% more rice per hectare than conventional varieties. This breakthrough was a turning point in the fight against hunger. Since then, hybrid rice has been grown in many countries, including India, Vietnam, and the Philippines. Yuan never stopped working. Even in his 80s, he continued to do research in the fields. He once said, "My lifelong pursuit is to keep all the people away from hunger." His dedication and hard work earned him numerous awards, including the Medal of the Republic, China's highest honour. Yuan's legacy lives on. Today, hybrid rice feeds about 20% of the world's population using just 7% of the world's arable land. His work has not only ensured China's food security but also provided a model for other countries facing food shortages. 1．What inspired Yuan Longping to study hybrid rice? A．His parents' encouragement. B．The food shortages in China in the 1960s. C．His experience of studying abroad. D．The award he received from the government. 2．What can we learn about Yuan Longping from the passage? A．He stopped working after he retired. B．He was only interested in making money. C．He continued his research even in his 80s. D．He refused to share his technology with other countries. 3．What does the underlined word "legacy" in the last paragraph mean? A．The influence and contributions he left behind. B．The money he left behind. C．The fields he worked in. D．The awards he received. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The History of Rice Farming in China B．How to Increase Rice Yields C．The Challenges of Modern Agriculture D．Yuan Longping: A Pioneer for All People 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了"杂交水稻之父"袁隆平的生平事迹、科研成就及其对全球粮食安全的深远影响。 1．B 细节理解题。根据第二段"In the 1960s, China was suffering from severe food shortages. Yuan was determined to find a way to increase rice yields."可知，20世纪60年代中国的严重粮食短缺激励了袁隆平研究杂交水稻。故选B。 2．C 细节理解题。根据第四段"Even in his 80s, he continued to do research in the fields."可知，袁隆平即使在80多岁时仍继续在田间做研究。故选C。 3．A 词义猜测题。根据最后一段"Today, hybrid rice feeds about 20% of the world's population... His work has not only ensured China's food security..."可知，legacy指的是袁隆平留下的影响和贡献。故选A。 4．D 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了袁隆平的生平、成就及其对全人类的贡献，D项"袁隆平：一位全人类的先驱"最能概括全文主旨。故选D。 7、 七选五 How to Become a Successful Scientist Becoming a successful scientist requires more than just intelligence. It demands curiosity, perseverance, and a genuine passion for discovery. 1 . Here are some essential qualities that every aspiring scientist should cultivate. 2 . Successful scientists are driven by a deep desire to understand how things work. They ask questions that others might not think to ask and are constantly seeking answers. This natural curiosity pushes them to explore unknown territories and challenge existing theories. Perseverance through failure Scientific research is filled with setbacks and failed experiments. 3 . Thomas Edison famously conducted thousands of failed experiments before successfully inventing the light bulb. What sets successful scientists apart is their ability to learn from mistakes and keep moving forward. Collaboration and communication Science is rarely a solo endeavour. 4 . Successful scientists know how to work effectively in teams, share their findings with others, and build on the work of their peers. They also need to communicate their research clearly to both scientific and general audiences. Ethical responsibility With great knowledge comes great responsibility. Scientists must ensure that their work benefits society and does not cause harm. 5 . This means being honest about their findings, acknowledging limitations, and considering the broader impact of their research. A．Curiosity as the driving force B．They view each failure as a learning opportunity C．It requires a combination of personal qualities and skills D．They should always put public interest above personal gain E．It often requires the collective effort of many researchers F．A strong educational background is the only path to success G．Without curiosity, scientific progress would come to a standstill 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成为一名成功的科学家所需具备的基本素质。 1．C 由上文"Becoming a successful scientist requires more than just intelligence."可知，上文提到成为成功的科学家需要的不仅仅是智力。本空应进一步说明还需要什么。C选项"It requires a combination of personal qualities and skills"说明了还需要个人品质和技能的结合，能承接上文并引出下文的具体素质，符合题意。故选C。 2．A 此空为段落标题。由下文"Successful scientists are driven by a deep desire to understand how things work."可知，本段主要讲的是好奇心对科学家的驱动作用。A选项"Curiosity as the driving force"能够概括本段内容，作为标题合适。故选A。 3．B 由上文"Scientific research is filled with setbacks and failed experiments."可知，上文提到科学研究充满挫折和失败。本空应进一步说明如何看待失败。B选项"They view each failure as a learning opportunity"说明了他们把每次失败视为学习机会，能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 4．E 由上文"Science is rarely a solo endeavour."可知，上文提到科学很少是单打独斗的。本空应进一步说明科学研究需要合作。E选项"It often requires the collective effort of many researchers"说明了科学研究往往需要许多研究者的集体努力，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 5．D 由上文"Scientists must ensure that their work benefits society and does not cause harm."可知，上文提到科学家必须确保其工作造福社会。本空应进一步说明科学家的责任。D选项"They should always put public interest above personal gain"说明了科学家应始终把公共利益置于个人利益之上，能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 （2024·全国甲卷·七选五） What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full.  1 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings.  2  It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, especially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies.  3 Control emotional (情绪的) eating.  4  Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. 5  A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A. Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何进行适度饮食的方法。 1. F。空格处于段落中间，起着承上启下的作用。空格前What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 适度是什么？基本上，这意味着只吃你身体需要的食物。用餐结束时你应该感到满足，但不要太饱。本句解释了什么是适度饮食，适度饮食意味着只吃你身体所需的食物量。F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.对我们中的许多人来说，适度意味着比现在吃得少。承接上文对适度饮食做进一步的解释，同时承接下一句。But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.但这并不意味着要和你喜欢的食物说再见。F 项符合语境。 因此应选F。 2. C。空格处于段落中间，起着承上启下的作用。根据本段的主题句 Take your time.别急，慢慢来，以及 It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 慢下来，把食物当成有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要。可知，空格处与要慢慢吃饭有关，C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.不要在上班的路上狼吞虎咽，同时承接下文...so eat slowly...,符合语境。因此应选C。 3. E。空格处于段尾，往往是对本段的总结或承上而来。空格前面It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适度饮食就更具挑战性了。E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.相反，让自己周围充满健康的选择，承接上文，其中 E 项中的 healthy 和前文的 unhealthy 是反义词复现。 4. B。空格处于段落中间，起着承上启下的作用。根据本段的主题句Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 控制情绪化饮食和空格处后的Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. 我们中的许多人也求助于食物来处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊。此句解释了情绪化饮食的原因。其中的also说明本句讲的是人们吃食物的另一种原因。B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.我们并不总是为了充饥而吃东西。其中B 项的 not just 和空白处后的 also 是递进关系。并引出与主题句一致的情绪化饮食的话题，符合语境，因此应选B。 5. A。空格处于段落的开始，一般为考查本段的主题句。根据空后的 healthy breakfast健康早餐 和 Avoid eating late at night.避免在深夜进食。以及 Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning.尽量早点吃晚餐，禁食14 - 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐。可知，本段与全天的健康饮食有关，A. Eat properly throughout the day.全天合理饮食，是对本段的总结，因此应选A。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $