【词汇积累】词尾加s，意思大不同 清单 -2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦词尾加s导致语义变化的名词转化现象，涵盖42组高频基础词汇，系统梳理原词与加s后词义的差异，包括基础词义与引申义、具体概念与抽象概念的转化。 清单采用“原词-转化词-释义-例句”四要素呈现，如“arm（胳膊）→arms（武器）”配真题语境例句，培养语言能力。通过对比归类构建语义联系，提升思维品质，特设搭配提示（如“put on airs”摆架子）和应用场景标注（如“in ruins”固定短语），辅助记忆与运用，支持学生自主学习，教师可据此强化词汇辨析训练，提高备考针对性。

【词汇积累】词尾加s，意思大不同 1. new 新的 → news 新闻 We tried to break the news [=tell the bad news] to her gently. 我们尽量委婉地告诉她那个坏消息。 2. arm 胳膊 → arms 武器 The United Nations lifted the arms embargo against the country. 联合国取消了针对该国的武器禁运。 3. air 空气 → airs 架子 give yourself airs / put on airs 摆架子；态度傲慢 Some of her old friends have accused her of putting on airs since she became wealthy. 她的一些老朋友指责她自从有了钱就摆起了架子。 4. look 看 → looks 相貌 She’s worried about losing her looks [=becoming less attractive] as she grows older. 她担心年华逝去将容颜不再。 5. good 好的 → goods 商品 The store sells a variety of goods. 这家商店出售琳琅满目的商品。 6. water 水 → waters 某一水域（尤指海水） We are sailing in international waters. 我们正航行在国际海域。 7. work 工作 → works 作品 the collected/complete works of Tolstoy 托尔斯泰选集／全集 8. term 学期 → terms 条款 Early payment is not permitted under the terms of our agreement. 根据我们的协议条款，不允许提前付款。 9. wood 木材 → woods 树林；森林 The woods are a dangerous place for walking. [=the forest is a dangerous place for walking] 在森林里散步很危险。 10. green 绿色 → greens 青菜 turnip greens 芜菁叶 11. mean 意味着 → means 方法 We needed to get to London but we had no means of transport. 我们需要去伦敦，但却没有任何交通工具。 12. paper 纸 → papers 文件；论文；试卷 She spent the evening marking exam papers. 她用一个晚上批阅试卷。 13. custom 习惯 → customs 海关 We went through customs at the airport without any difficulty. 我们顺利通过了机场海关。 14. valuable 贵重的；有用的；有益的；宝贵的 → valuables （珠宝、手表等）贵重物品 You should not leave your valuables lying in your car where they can be seen by thieves. 你不该把贵重物品放在车里小偷能看见的地方。 15. glass 玻璃 → glasses 眼镜 She was wearing dark glasses with thick black frames. 她戴了一副粗黑框的墨镜。 16. time 时间 → times 时代 in ancient times 在古代 17. future 未来 → futures 期货 He made a fortune trading in oil futures. 他靠石油期货交易发了财。 18. sand 沙子 → sands 沙滩；沙漠 Tourists walked the sands. 旅客们走在沙滩上。 19. ruin 毁灭 → ruins 废墟 in ruins 变成废墟；成为瓦砾 We saw the (ancient) Mayan/Roman ruins. 我们看到了（古代）玛雅文明/罗马文明的遗迹。 20. pain 痛苦 → pains 辛苦；努力 go to great pains/ take (great) pains 尽力；竭力 He took great pains to explain the situation to us. 他尽量向我们解释情况。 21. spirit 精神 → spirits 情绪；烈酒 It’s hard work, but try to keep your spirits up. [=keep a happy and positive attitude] 任务艰巨，但要尽量保持乐观积极的态度。 22. regard 尊敬 → regards 问候 Give/Send them my (warm/kind) regards. [=greet them for me; tell them I am thinking of them] 请代我向他们（热情地/亲切地）问好。 23. manner 方式 → manners 礼貌 His children have excellent manners. [=his children behave very well] 他的几个孩子非常有礼貌。 24. content 内容 → contents 目录；所含物 The stories included in the book can be found in the table of contents. 这本书里的故事都可以在目录中找到。 25. force 力量 → forces 军队；武装 a member of the security forces 安全部队成员 26. brain 大脑 → brains 智慧；头脑 You need brains as well as brawn (= intelligence as well as strength) to do this job. 这项工作既需要脑力又需要体力。 27. colour 颜色 → colours 旗帜 Most buildings had a flagpole with the national colours flying. 大多数的建筑物都有悬挂着国旗的旗杆。 28. ground 地面 → grounds 庭院；理由 We toured the grounds of the estate. 我们参观了庄园的庭院。 We have no grounds for believing that the crisis will end soon. 我们没有理由相信危机将会很快结束。 29. step 步伐；步态；步履 → steps 台阶 They sat on the steps in front of the house. 他们坐在房前的台阶上。 30. letter 字母；信 → letters 文学；学识 She’s well-known in the field of English letters. 她在英语文学界很有名。 31. iron 铁 → irons 熨斗；镣铐 They clapped/put the prisoner in irons. 他们给囚犯戴上了镣铐 32. experience 经验 → experiences 经历 He wrote about his experiences as a pilot. 他记述了自己做飞行员的经历。 33. return 归还 → returns 回报；收益 The company had poor returns last year. 公司去年盈利不佳。 34. damage 损害 → damages 损害赔偿金 The judge awarded her $5,000 in damages. [=the judge said that the people who hurt her must pay her $5,000] 法官判给她5000美元的损害赔偿金。 35. quarter 四分之一 → quarters （某人的）居所，住处，居住区 Our living quarters were very comfortable. 我们的居所非常舒适。 36. compass 指南针 → compasses 圆规 a pair of compasses [=dividers] 一副两脚规 37. humour 幽默 → humours 体液；性情 38. honour 声誉；信誉 → honours 给予优等学生的荣誉 She graduated with (top/high) honors. 她以优等生的身份毕业。 39. scale （尤指与其他事物相比较时的）规模，范围，程度 → scales 秤；磅秤；天平 bathroom/kitchen/weighing scales 浴室秤；厨房用秤；秤 40. surrounding 周围的；附近的 → surroundings 环境 They will need some time to become familiar with their new surroundings. 他们将需要一些时间来熟悉新环境。 41. saving 节省（量）；节约（额） → savings 储蓄金；存款 His parents lost their life savings [=all the money they had] when the stock market crashed. 那时股市崩盘，他父母一生的积蓄都付诸东流了。 42. doing 做；完成；实行 → doings 所作所为 I’ve been reading about the governor’s latest doings. [=activities] 我一直在阅读州长最近活动的有关内容。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $