Unit4 核心词汇短语和句型操练-高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语Unit4核心词汇知识清单系统整合了重点词汇与短语、核心句型、分层练习及词汇互译内容，涵盖词汇的词性转换、短语搭配，句型的结构分析与用法，以及从基础到综合的应用训练，为学生搭建从知识积累到能力提升的递进式学习支架。 清单采用“词汇-句型-练习”三级分类呈现知识体系，如词汇部分标注词性变化（如rigid→rigidly/rigidity）和短语搭配（如weed out清除），句型解析“be doing...when...”结构并配填空练习，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。分层练习含单词拼写、语法填空等梯度设计，词汇互译强化中英转换，既方便学生自主巩固，也为教师精准教学提供有效支持。

Unit4 核心词汇 一、重点词汇和短语 1. weed n. 杂草；野草；vt.&vi. 除杂草 weed→_________ adj. 杂草丛生的；瘦弱的 名词短语 sea weed 海草；pull weeds 拔杂草 动词短语 weed the garden给花园除草；weed out 清除；淘汰 2. rigid adj. 死板的；固执的 (身体僵直的,呆住的) rigid→_________ adv. 死板地；固执地→ _________ n. 硬度 例句：His way of dealing with problems was too rigid. 他处理问题的方式过于死板。 3. shade vt. 给……遮挡 (光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗；n. 阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分 in the shade 在阴凉处、put sb./sth. in the shade 使某人/物黯然失色 There was no ______(阴凉处)as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 4. drag vt. 拖；拽 vt.&vi. 缓慢而费力地移动 drag behind 落在后面、drag down 使衰弱；使健康状况变坏 翻译： 那个女孩拖着大箱子进入了候车厅。 ________________________________________________ 5. plug vt. 封堵；补足 n. 堵塞物；插头；插座 (塞子；推销，宣传) plug in 接通电源、plug away at sth. 坚持不懈地做某事 plug into... 能与……连接，接通、pull the plug on... 使……中断 Can you plug the hole ________ the pipe? 你能把管子上的那个洞塞住吗？ 6. privilege n. 优惠待遇；特权→________ adj. 有特权的；荣幸的；幸运的 a privilege of / to do sth. 有……的特权 have the privilege to do sth./ of doing sth. 有做某事的特权；有幸做某事 It is a great privilege for me__________(invite) you to participate in the Chinese Speech Contest for foreigners at my school. 7. ripe adj. 成熟的；时机成熟的 ripe→________ v. (使)成熟→________adv. 成熟地→ ________n. 成熟 ripe fruit 成熟的水果。 be ripe for... 时机成熟的；适合于…… 翻译：改变的时机已经成熟。 ___________________________________________ 8. disabled adj. 有残疾的；丧失能力的 disabled→________ n. 残疾；缺陷 (可数名词)→________ adj. 能够；有能力的 →________ adj. 不会的；不能胜任的. 翻译： 我们应该帮助残疾人。 ______________________________________ 9. resign vi.&vt. 辞职；辞去 resign→________ n. 辞职；放弃；顺从→ ________ adj. 已辞职的 resign from... 从……辞职、resign as + 身份 辞去…… resign one’s position/post/seat 辞去职务、resign oneself to... 听任；顺从 She resigned herself________ her fate. 10. deserve vt. 值得；应得；应受 deserve to do sth. 值得做某事、deserve sth. 值得…… deserve doing = deserve to be done 某事值得被做 翻译：这小说值得一读。 __________________________________________________________ 二、重点句型 1. It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds. 结构：It takes sb. 时间/钱 to do sth. 做某事花某人时间/钱去做某事 用法：It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。 翻译：这本书花了他10元。 ______________________________________________ 2. The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when,before I knew it,the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere. 结构：be doing ... when ... 意为“正在做……，这时……”。 用法：when在句中作并列连词，相当于and then, and at that time when作并列连词的句型还有： (1)be about to do/be on the point of doing ... when ... 正要做……的时候(突然)…… (2)had (just) done ... when ... 刚做完……的时候(突然)…… I was lying awake on my bed ______ suddenly Sarah came inside and started screaming. 3. Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there―first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views, and then down a shaded path to the valley below. 结构：地点名词+from where 用法：(1) from where引导定语从句，相当于and from here/there。 (2) from which中的which指的是一个地点名词, from where中的where指的是一个地点状语。 She climbed up to the top of the hill, from ________ she could have a good view of the whole town. 4. The only thing that has made me uncomfortable has been the lack of the water. 结构：The only thing是主语、that has made me uncomfortable是定语从句 has been是谓语、the lack of the water是表语 用法：主句是 “主语 + 系动词 + 表语”的结构，使用了现在完成时 (has made,has been)，强调从过去持续到现在的状态。 The only thing________ has made this journey difficult has been the constant bad weather. 5. One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled after I resign from my job. 结构：One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled是主句 after I resign from my job是状语从句 One of my dreams是主句主语 、is是系动词 to work in Africa and (to) continue to help the disabled是表语 用法：One of +可数名词复数+is+表语 One of my plans is________（improve) my English and apply for an exchange program after I finish this task 6. I think everyone deserves the right to be happy. 结构：I think主句的主语和谓语、everyone deserves the right to be happy 宾语从句 用法：I think +宾语从句 翻译：他觉得学生应该努力学习。 _____________________________________________ 答案： 一、重点词汇和短语 1. weed n. 杂草；野草；vt.&vi. 除杂草 weed→weedy adj. 杂草丛生的；瘦弱的 名词短语 sea weed 海草；pull weeds 拔杂草 动词短语 weed the garden给花园除草；weed out 清除；淘汰 2. rigid adj. 死板的；固执的 (身体僵直的,呆住的) rigid→rigidly adv. 死板地；固执地→ rigidity n. 硬度 例句：His way of dealing with problems was too rigid. 他处理问题的方式过于死板。 3. shade vt. 给……遮挡 (光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗；n. 阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分 in the shade 在阴凉处、put sb./sth. in the shade 使某人/物黯然失色 There was no shade (阴凉处) as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 4. drag vt. 拖；拽 vt.&vi. 缓慢而费力地移动 drag behind 落在后面、drag down 使衰弱；使健康状况变坏 翻译： 那个女孩拖着大箱子进入了候车厅。 The girl dragged a big box into the waiting room. 5. plug vt. 封堵；补足 n. 堵塞物；插头；插座 (塞子；推销，宣传) plug in 接通电源、plug away at sth. 坚持不懈地做某事 plug into... 能与……连接，接通、pull the plug on... 使……中断 Can you plug the hole in the pipe? 你能把管子上的那个洞塞住吗？ 6. privilege n. 优惠待遇；特权→privileged adj. 有特权的；荣幸的；幸运的 a privilege of / to do sth. 有……的特权 have the privilege to do sth./ of doing sth. 有做某事的特权；有幸做某事 It is a great privilege for me to invite you to participate in the Chinese Speech Contest for foreigners at my school. 7. ripe adj. 成熟的；时机成熟的 ripe→ripen v. (使)成熟→ ripely adv. 成熟地→ripeness n. 成熟 ripe fruit 成熟的水果。 be ripe for... 时机成熟的；适合于…… 翻译：改变的时机已经成熟。 The time is ripe for a change. 8. disabled adj. 有残疾的；丧失能力的 disabled→disability n. 残疾；缺陷 (可数名词)→ able adj. 能够；有能力的 →unable adj. 不会的；不能胜任的. 翻译： 我们应该帮助残疾人。 We should help disabled people. 10. resign vi.&vt. 辞职；辞去 resign→resignation n. 辞职；放弃；顺从→ resigned adj. 已辞职的 resign from... 从……辞职、resign as + 身份 辞去…… resign one’s position/post/seat 辞去职务、resign oneself to... 听任；顺从 She resigned herself to her fate. 4. deserve vt. 值得；应得；应受 deserve to do sth. 值得做某事、deserve sth. 值得…… deserve doing = deserve to be done 某事值得被做 翻译：这小说值得一读。 The novel deserves reading=The novel deserves to be read. 二、重点句型 1. It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds. 结构：It takes sb. 时间/钱 to do sth. 做某事花某人时间/钱去做某事 用法：It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。 翻译：这本书花了他10元。 It took him ten yuan to buy this book. 2. The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when,before I knew it,the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere. 结构：be doing ... when ... 意为“正在做……，这时……”。 用法：when在句中作并列连词，相当于and then, and at that time when作并列连词的句型还有： (1)be about to do/be on the point of doing ... when ... 正要做……的时候(突然)…… (2)had (just) done ... when ... 刚做完……的时候(突然)…… I was lying awake on my bed when suddenly Sarah came inside and started screaming. 3. Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there―first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views, and then down a shaded path to the valley below. 结构：地点名词+from where 用法：(1) from where引导定语从句，相当于and from here/there。 (2) from which中的which指的是一个地点名词, from where中的where指的是一个地点状语。 She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town. 4. The only thing that has made me uncomfortable has been the lack of the water. 结构：The only thing是主语、that has made me uncomfortable是定语从句 has been是谓语、the lack of the water是表语 用法：主句是 “主语 + 系动词 + 表语”的结构，使用了现在完成时 (has made,has been)，强调从过去持续到现在的状态。 The only thing that has made this journey difficult has been the constant bad weather. 5. One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled after I resign from my job. 结构：One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled是主句 after I resign from my job是状语从句 One of my dreams是主句主语 、is是系动词 to work in Africa and (to) continue to help the disabled是表语 用法：One of +可数名词复数+is+表语 One of my plans is to improve my English and apply for an exchange program after I finish this task 6. I think everyone deserves the right to be happy. 结构：I think主句的主语和谓语、everyone deserves the right to be happy 宾语从句 用法：I think +宾语从句 翻译：他觉得学生应该努力学习。 He thinks students need to study hard. 分层练习 一、单词拼写 1. The old professor was known for his________(固执的) beliefs and was unwilling to consider new ideas. 2. To maintain a beautiful lawn, you must _______(清除杂草) out the unwanted plants. 3. They sat in the _______ (阴凉处) of a large oak tree to escape the afternoon sun. 4. Getting a good education should be a right for every child, not just a _______ (特权) for the wealthy. 二、用方框里的单词填空 ripe resign disabled deserved My neighbor, a kind 1._______ man, planted an apple tree. He said the children 2.______to taste home-grown fruit. This fall, the apples turned 3____ . However, he wanted to 4._______ from his job and move away, so he shared the sweet apples as a farewell gift. The tree remains, bearing fruit each year, reminding us of his gentle lesson: kindness always yields sweet rewards. 三、单句语法填空 1. It took him an hour _______ (parcel) out these things. 2. I was reading the book at 8:00 P.M. last night _______ the bell rang. 3. The young artist felt deeply _______ (privilege) to have studied under such a famous master. 4. My grandfather likes to sit in his favorite armchair by the window, from _______ he can watch the birds in the garden. 5. Cutting your grass too close at this stage will weaken its roots and may lead to _______(weed) fields later the year.  6. It seems more sensible to apply standards flexibly rather than _______ (rigid).  7. He opened his trunk, _______ (drag) four grocery bags of food out, closed the trunk and entered the building.  8. Some people think it is a privilege_______ (send) abroad to study, but it doesn’t make sense if you go when you cannot even look after yourself.  9. When the plot was disclosed, they got the _______ (deserve) punishment. 10. He deserves_______ (win) the game because he has been well prepared for it. 11. As far as I’m concerned, the money could be used for more_______ (deserve) causes. 12. Unable to care for her beloved pet dog anymore, she had to resign_______ it a trusted animal shelter. 13. After serving as the president of the club for two terms, she resigned_______the head of the organization to pursue other interests. 14. 她的离职使我们惊讶。后来我们得知，她从公司辞职是因为她不想接受每天去做她不喜欢的工作。 Her _______ astonished us. Later we learned that she_______ the company because she didn’t want to _______ what she didn’t like every day. 四、根据提示翻译句子 1. 我沿着一条泥泞的小路步行，只花了几分钟就到学校了。(It takes sb. some time to do ...) 2. 他正在写作业，这时火警报警器响了。(be doing ... when ...) 3. 我们爬上屋顶，从那儿可以很好地观看游行。(from where ...) 4. 在我姐姐看来，做志愿者工作是一件荣耀的事情。(It is a privilege to do sth.) 分层练习 一、单词拼写 1. The old professor was known for his rigid (固执的) beliefs and was unwilling to consider new ideas. 2. To maintain a beautiful lawn, you must weed (清除杂草) out the unwanted plants. 3. They sat in the shade (阴凉处) of a large oak tree to escape the afternoon sun. 4. Getting a good education should be a right for every child, not just a privilege (特权) for the wealthy. 二、用方框里的单词填空 ripe resign disabled deserved My neighbor, a kind 1.disabled man, planted an apple tree. He said the children 2. deserved to taste home-grown fruit. This fall, the apples turned 3 . ripe . However, he wanted to 4. resign from his job and move away, so he shared the sweet apples as a farewell gift. The tree remains, bearing fruit each year, reminding us of his gentle lesson: kindness always yields sweet rewards. 三、单句语法填空 1. It took him an hour to parcel (parcel) out these things. 2. I was reading the book at 8:00 P.M. last night when the bell rang. 3. The young artist felt deeply privileged (privilege) to have studied under such a famous master. 4. My grandfather likes to sit in his favorite armchair by the window, from where he can watch the birds in the garden. 5. Cutting your grass too close at this stage will weaken its roots and may lead to weedy (weed) fields later the year.  6. It seems more sensible to apply standards flexibly rather than rigidly (rigid).  7. He opened his trunk, dragged (drag) four grocery bags of food out, closed the trunk and entered the building.  8. Some people think it is a privilege to be sent (send) abroad to study, but it doesn’t make sense if you go when you cannot even look after yourself.  9. When the plot was disclosed, they got the deserved (deserve) punishment. 10. He deserves to win (win) the game because he has been well prepared for it. 11. As far as I’m concerned, the money could be used for more deserving (deserve) causes. 12. Unable to care for her beloved pet dog anymore, she had to resign to it a trusted animal shelter. 13. After serving as the president of the club for two terms, she resigned as the head of the organization to pursue other interests. 14. 她的离职使我们惊讶。后来我们得知，她从公司辞职是因为她不想接受每天去做她不喜欢的工作。 Her resignation astonished us. Later we learned that she resigned from the company because she didn’t want to resign herself to doing what she didn’t like every day. 四、根据提示翻译句子 1. 我沿着一条泥泞的小路步行，只花了几分钟就到学校了。(It takes sb. some time to do ...) 2. 他正在写作业，这时火警报警器响了。(be doing ... when ...) 3. 我们爬上屋顶，从那儿可以很好地观看游行。(from where ...) 4. 在我姐姐看来，做志愿者工作是一件荣耀的事情。(It is a privilege to do sth.) 【答案】 1. It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track. 2. He was doing his homework when the fire alarm began ringing. 3. We went up to the roof, from where we had a good view of the parade . 4. In my sister’s opinion, it’s a privilege to do voluntary work. 词汇中英互译练习 一、英译汉 1　 2　 parcel_________ 3　 jam ___________ 4　 mail __________ 5　 secondary ________ 6　 clay ____________ 7　 dust __________ 8　 dusty ____________ 9　 weed ___________ 10　 chorus ___________ 11　 a chorus of __________ 12　 cotton _________ 13　 uniform ___________ 14　 not to mention __________ 15　 tablet _____________ 16　 rubber _________ 17　 washroom ____________ 18　 rigid ___________ 19　 bubble __________ 20　 tube ____________ 21　 circus ___________ 22　 chemist ___________ 23　 shade __________ 24　 jaw _________ 25　 wrinkle _________ 26　 forehead ___________ 27　 hut ___________ 28　 housing ____________ 29　 platform ___________ 30　 fireplace ___________ 31　 saucer ___________ 32　 kettle ___________ 33　 pan ____________ 34　 jar ____________ 35　 ripe ___________ 36　 grill ____________ 37　 doorway ___________ 38　 leftover _____________ 39　 handshake ___________ 40　 drag ___________ 41　 privilege ___________ 42　 plug ____________ 43　 disabled ___________ 44　 resign ___________ 45　 deserve __________ 46　 lately ___________ 47　 input __________ 48　 tune ___________ 49　 contract __________ 50　 grant ___________ 51　 take (...) for granted ___________ 52　 cardiac ___________ 53　 circuit ___________ 54　 disability _________ 55　 consultation _________ 56　 relay __________ 57　 relay to _________ 58　 criterion _________ 59　 stability __________ 60　 pray ____________ 61　 pray that ____________ 62　 hypothetical ___________ 2、 汉译英 1　 2　 包裹,裹好________ 3　 果酱；堵塞 __________ 4　 邮件；信件；邮政；邮寄；发电邮给 _________ 5　 中学的；次要的 ___________ 6　 黏土；陶土 ____________ 7　 沙土；灰尘；擦灰 ___________ 8　 布满灰尘的 _____________ 9　 杂草；野草；除杂草 ___________ 10　 合唱曲；合唱团；合唱；齐声说 ___________ 11　 齐声；异口同声 ____________ 12　 棉布；棉花 ____________ 13　 校服；制服；一致的；统一的 ___________ 14　 更不用说；且不说 _____________ 15　 平板电脑；便笺本；药片 __________ 16　 橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶 ___________ 17　 洗手间；厕所 ___________ 18　 死板的；固执的 ___________ 19　 起泡；沸腾 _____________ 20　 管子；管状物 __________ 21　 马戏团 _____________ 22　 化学家；药剂师；药房 ___________ 23　 给……遮挡；加灯罩；阴凉处；阴影部分 __________ 24　 颌；下巴 _________ 25　 （使脸上）起皱纹；皱起；皱纹 _______ 26　 额；前额 __________ 27　 简陋的小棚（或棚、舍） _________ 28　 住房；住宅 ____________ 29　 平台；站台；舞台 ____________ 30　 壁炉 ____________ 31　 茶碟；杯托 _____________ 32　 （烧水用的）壶；水壶 _________ 33　 平底锅；烤盘 __________ 34　 罐子；坛子 ____________ 35　 成熟的；时机成熟的 ______________ 36　 烤架；烤肉餐馆 ________________ 37　 门口；出入口；门道 ___________ 38　 吃剩的；残留的；吃剩的食物；遗留物 ____________ 39　 握手 ___________ 40　 拖；拽；缓慢而费力地移动 __________ 41　 优惠待遇；特权 ____________ 42　 封堵；补足；堵塞物；插头；插座 __________ 43　 有残疾的；丧失能力的 __________ 44　 辞职；辞去 ____________ 45　 值得；应得；应受 _____________ 46　 最近；不久前；近来 ____________ 47　 情况；信息；投入；输入 ____________ 48　 曲调；曲子；调音；调节；调频道 _____________ 49　 感染（疾病）；订立合同；合同；契约 ____________ 50　 同意；准许；拨款 ____________ 51　 认为（……）理所当然；不予重视 ___________ 52　 心脏病的；心脏的 ______________ 53　 巡回；环形线路 ___________ 54　 缺陷；障碍 _____________ 55　 咨询；咨询会 _____________ 56　 转发；转播；接力赛；接班的人 ___________ 57　 转达给……；转发给…… ______________ 58　 标准；准则；原则 _______________ 59　 稳定（性）；稳固（性） ______________ 60　 企盼；祈祷 __________ 61　 但愿 ____________ 62　 假设的；假定的 __________ 英译汉答案 1　 2　 包裹，裹好 3　 果酱；堵塞 4　 邮件；信件；邮政；邮寄；发电邮给 5　 中学的；次要的 6　 黏土；陶土 7　 沙土；灰尘；擦灰 8　 布满灰尘的 9　 杂草；野草；除杂草 10　 合唱曲；合唱团；合唱；齐声说 11　 齐声；异口同声 12　 棉布；棉花 13　 校服；制服；一致的；统一的 14　 更不用说；且不说 15　 平板电脑；便笺本；药片 16　 橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶 17　 洗手间；厕所 18　 死板的；固执的 19　 起泡；沸腾 20　 管子；管状物 21　 马戏团 22　 化学家；药剂师；药房 23　 给……遮挡（光线）；加灯罩；阴凉处；阴影部分 24　 颌；下巴 25　 （使脸上）起皱纹；皱起；皱纹 26　 额；前额 27　 简陋的小棚（或棚、舍） 28　 住房；住宅 29　 平台；站台；舞台 30　 壁炉 31　 茶碟；杯托 32　 （烧水用的）壶；水壶 33　 平底锅；烤盘 34　 罐子；坛子 35　 成熟的；时机成熟的 36　 烤架；烤肉餐馆 37　 门口；出入口；门道 38　 吃剩的；残留的；吃剩的食物；遗留物 39　 握手 40　 拖；拽；缓慢而费力地移动 41　 优惠待遇；特权 42　 封堵；补足；堵塞物；插头；插座 43　 有残疾的；丧失能力的 44　 辞职；辞去 45　 值得；应得；应受 46　 最近；不久前；近来 47　 情况；信息；投入；输入 48　 曲调；曲子；调音；调节；调频道 49　 感染（疾病）；与……订立合同；合同；契约 50　 同意；准许；拨款 51　 认为（……）是理所当然；对（……）不予重视 52　 心脏病的；心脏的 53　 巡回；环形线路 54　 缺陷；障碍 55　 咨询；咨询会 56　 转发；转播；接力赛；接班的人 57　 转达给……；转发给…… 58　 标准；准则；原则 59　 稳定（性）；稳固（性） 60　 企盼；祈祷 61　 但愿 62　 假设的；假定的 汉译英答案 1　 2　 parcel 3　 jam 4　 mail 5　 secondary 6　 clay 7　 dust 8　 dusty 9　 weed 10　 chorus 11　 a chorus of 12　 cotton 13　 uniform 14　 not to mention 15　 tablet 16　 rubber 17　 washroom 18　 rigid 19　 bubble 20　 tube 21　 circus 22　 chemist 23　 shade 24　 jaw 25　 wrinkle 26　 forehead 27　 hut 28　 housing 29　 platform 30　 fireplace 31　 saucer 32　 kettle 33　 pan 34　 jar 35　 ripe 36　 grill 37　 doorway 38　 leftover 39　 handshake 40　 drag 41　 privilege 42　 plug 43　 disabled 44　 resign 45　 deserve 46　 lately 47　 input 48　 tune 49　 contract 50　 grant 51　 take (...) for granted 52　 cardiac 53　 circuit 54　 disability 55　 consultation 56　 relay 57　 relay to 58　 criterion 59　 stability 60　 pray 61　 pray that 62　 hypothetical 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $