选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 Into the unknown 课时精讲（教用Word）-【精微方案】2027年高考一轮总复习讲义·英语（外研版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考核心考点，整合词汇（基础、培优、拔高分层）、语法（完全倒装、非谓语等）、写作（应用文、读后续写）模块，按“词汇-短语-句型-语用”逻辑架构知识体系。通过考点梳理（如否定词缀un-用法归纳）、方法指导（读后续写情绪动作描写模板）、真题训练（2025新高考真题语境辨词）等环节，帮助学生系统突破难点，体现复习的针对性。 资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如“abandon”一词通过微写作（沉湎于悲伤情绪描写）和语境辨词（不同语境含义辨析）提升词汇应用能力。设置基础巩固、能力提升分层练习，配合语法与写作融合训练（完全倒装场景描写补全句子），确保高效复习。为教师提供清晰复习路径，助力学生提升应考能力。

1.intrigue v．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心 2．astronomy n．天文学 3．canal n．运河 4．tropical adj.来自热带的；产于热带的 5．downfall n．衰败 6．getaway n．逃跑，逃走 7.retreat v．后退；离开；退避 8．subdue v．克制，抑制(情绪) 9．uncharted adj.地图上没有标明的 10．shrink v．退缩，畏缩 11．shipwreck n．失事的船；沉船 12．archaeological adj.考古学的；考古的 13．coral n．珊瑚 14.millimetre n．毫米 15．upwards adv.向上，朝上 16．equivalent adj.等同的； 等值的；相当的 17．furthermore adv. 此外；而且；不仅如此 18．vol (＝volume) n．(书的)卷，册 1.bury v．将……埋在下面 2.ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟 3.substance n．物质 1.civilise v．使文明；教化；开化→civilised adj.文明的；开化的→civilisation n．文明(社会) 2．abandon v．离弃，逃离→abandoned adj.放纵的；被离弃的；被遗弃的 3．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定；解雇→dismissal n．不予考虑，摒弃；解雇 4.expand v．扩张；增加；扩展；详述→expansion n．扩大；增加 5．investigate v．调查；研究→investigation n．调查；审查 6．notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→notably adv.显著地，明显地；尤其，特别 7．drill v．钻孔；训练→drilling n．钻探；勘探 1.correspond to...与……一致 2．apply...to...把……运用到……上 3．on top of...在……之上；除……之外 4．all the more更加 5．at one's peak 在……顶峰；处于高峰时期 6．fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落 7．make a getaway 逃跑，逃走 8．run for one's life 逃命 9．check out 调查，检查 10．test the waters 试水，试探 11．steer clear of 避开……；从……处脱身 12.set out 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 13．throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去 14．think twice 再三考虑，慎重考虑 15．shrink from 避免做，不愿做 16．look into 调查(问题) 17．set sail 起航 18．offer a window into... 为了解……提供一扇窗 19．be equivalent to 等(同)于；相当于…… 20．hold a record 保持纪录 21．beyond the reach of 无法达到 1.Its once­great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.(现在分词短语作状语；leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。 2.Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks.(完全倒装) 全球水域下沉睡着约三百万艘沉船残骸。 3．Today, some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored.( if型省略结构) 如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达号”起航已有差不多500年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地——如果有的话——已经少之又少了。 4．Given our limited knowledge, it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields.(it is＋名词＋that从句) 鉴于我们的认知有限，探索海洋可以不断带来各种不同科学领域的发现就显得不足为奇了。 [基础词汇] 1．mysterious adj.神秘的 2．alien n．外星人 3．remains n．古迹，遗迹 4．myth n．神话 5．monster n．怪物 6．phenomenon n．现象 7．explore v．探索；探究 8．carry out research进行研究 9．one of the wonders of the world世界上的奇迹之一 10．solve a mystery解开谜团 11．be hard to explain难以解释 [培优词汇] 1．frightening adj.骇人的 2．extraordinary adj.非凡的 3．fossil n．化石 4．unsolved adj.未解决的 5．look into调查 6．new discoveries新发现 7．convincing evidence 有说服力的证据 8．beyond the reach of humans人力所不能及的范围 [拔高词汇] 1．pioneering adj.先驱性的，开拓性的 2．quest v．寻求，探索 3．probe v．探查，探测 4．inquisitive adj.好奇的，兴趣广泛的 5．uncover v．发现，揭露 6．frontier n．边疆，边境 7．expeditionary adj.远征的，探险的 8．unknown quantity 未知数，未知因素 9．archaeological exploration 考古探索 话题句型 1.How the pyramids were built has been a mystery for thousands of years. 几千年来，金字塔是如何被建造的一直是个谜。 2．Who created them, and for what, remains a mystery, making it one of the top 10 mysteries. 谁创造了它们，以及为了什么而创造，至今仍无人能解，成为十大谜团之一。 3．There have existed many mysteries in Bermuda Triangle, one of the most unpredictable places in the world. 　百慕大三角是世界上最变化莫测的地方之一，这里存在很多谜团。 否定词缀un­：表示“否定；相反；缺乏”。(1)un­＋形容词/副词→否定形容词/副词，表示“不……的，非……的”；(2)un­＋动词(表某动作)→相反动词，表示“做与原动作相反的事”；(3)un­＋名词(表某事物)→否定名词，表示 “缺乏该事物”。 [写出句中加黑词的词性及含义] 1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)Unexpectedly，after supper，the weather changed. It started to rain and everyone went indoors. adv.意外地，出乎意料地 2．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? adj.未使用的；未食用的 3．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa，where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. adj.令人不安的，让人心里不舒服的 4．The tiny butterfly gently unfolded its bright colorful wings and flew away.v.展开 5．They leaned forward, their mouths open in shock and unbelief.n.怀疑；难以置信 bury　v.将……埋在下面；掩藏，遮盖 [单句语法填空/补全句子/微写作] ①(译林选必二U4)The time capsule, buried(bury) 50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939. ②(北师大选必四U10)Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them(脸埋在里面), she proceeded to cry stormily. [读后续写之动作描写＋情绪描写] ③专注于当下所做之事，我们才能为自己、为国家拼搏出更光明的未来。 Burying ourselves in/Buried in what we are doing at present, we can fight for a brighter future for ourselves and for our country.(分词短语作状语) [应用文写作之倡议书] (1)埋头于；专心于 (2)bury one's face in one's hands/arms双手掩面/把脸埋在臂弯里 [佳句背诵] Hearing that his family were buried in ruins, he buried his face in his hands and couldn't hold back his tears.　听到自己的家人被埋在废墟之下，他双手掩面，忍不住哭了起来。 [读后续写之动作描写＋情绪描写] [联想发散] “专心于、致力于”的表达还有：be devoted to、be lost in、be engaged in、be absorbed in、focus/concentrate on。 ruin　n.残垣断壁，废墟　v．毁坏；使破产 [单句语法填空/补全句子/微写作] ①(人教必修一U4)Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins(ruin).Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. ②Playing computer games for too long has nearly ruined me(几乎毁了我) and I have made up my mind to get rid of it. ③要不是他及时发出警告，爆炸很容易就会发生，使整个村庄变成废墟。 But for his timely warning, an explosion could have easily happened and left the whole village in ruins． lie/be in ruins　　　 成为废墟；严重受损 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落 bring...to ruin 使……毁灭 [佳句背诵] You can't change the past, but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future. 你改变不了过去，但如果你忧虑未来，会毁了现在。 abandon　v.离弃，逃离；放弃；遗弃；抛弃；中止　n．放任；放纵 [单句语法填空/补全句子/微写作] ①I will never abandon reaching(reach) the top of the “mountain” because I want to be successful in life. ②We jumped up and down and waved our arms with abandon(尽情地挥舞着我们的手臂), forgetting the troubles in our lives. [读后续写之动作描写] ③他最后一句话像子弹一样击中了她的心。她大哭起来，陷入绝望。 His last word went like a bullet to her heart. She burst into tears and abandoned herself to/was abandoned to despair． [读后续写之情绪描写] (1)abandon doing sth.　 放弃做某事 abandon oneself to (doing) sth. 沉湎于(做)某事；陷入(某种感情) (2)with abandon 纵情；尽情地；放任地 (3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的 be abandoned to... 沉湎于…… [佳句背诵] Abandoning himself to the sorrow of losing his cat, Steven just couldn't help crying. 史蒂文沉湎于丢失了他的猫的悲伤中，禁不住哭了起来。 [读后续写之情绪描写] set out　动身踏上(漫长的)旅途；出发；安排；开始做 [单句语法填空/微写作] ①(译林必修二U3)As midnight approaches, Luo Yan takes his parents, wife and sons outside to set off firecrackers. ②She quickly set down the address in her notebook before she forgot it, drawing a small star next to it to mark its importance. [读后续写之动作描写] ③She tries to set aside 30 minutes every morning to practice English listening by listening to the news. ④(译林选必四U1)无论你打算做什么，无论有多么困难，都要尽力去做。 Always give your best in whatever you set out to do/set about doing, however difficult that might be. set aside　　　　　 留出；把……放置一旁；不理会；取消 set off 出发；引起；使爆炸 set up 建立；准备；安排；安装好 set down 放置；写下；制定 set out to do sth./set about doing sth. 着手做某事 [佳句背诵] It is our tradition to set off fireworks to celebrate the Spring Festival.On top of that, we will also set aside some days to visit our relatives.　放烟花庆祝春节是我们的传统。除此之外，我们还会留出几天时间去拜访我们的亲戚。 [应用文写作之传统节日] 完全倒装 [教材原句] Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks. 全球水域下沉睡着约三百万艘沉船残骸。 [补全句子/微写作] ①When I was looking at the door, in came a girl(一个女孩走了进来), wearing a white skirt. [读后续写之动作描写] ②我们家门前矗立着一棵有1 000多年历史的古树，如今它已被政府保护起来了。 In front of our house stands an ancient tree with a history of over 1，000 years, which is protected by the government now. ③接着，戴维冲过终点线的那一刻到来了，人群中爆发出雷鸣般的掌声与欢呼声。 Then came the moment when David crossed the finish line, and thunderous applause and cheers erupted from the crowd. [读后续写之场景描写] 　　完全倒装的三种情况(主语是名词而非代词)：　 (1)表示方位或时间的副词(如here、there、in、out、now、then等)位于句首作状语，谓语动词为go、come等表示位移的动态动词时，通常用完全倒装； (2)表示方位的介词短语位于句首时，通常用完全倒装； (3)在主系表结构的句子中，出于强调的目的或为了保持句子平衡，把表语提前，构成完全倒装。 [佳句背诵] (人教必修二U1)There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 1．(译林选必三U2)The results of these space investigations(investigate) have made major contributions to an understanding of the origin, evolution, and likely future of the universe, such as planets, stars, and all other forms of matter and energy. 2．(译林必修二U2)In time, I began to look into the ancient Chinese culture behind tai chi. 3．The beauty of this classical music is beyond the reach of listeners who don't understand its background. 4．If more people join in the trend to ride bicycles to work, then the air quality will be improved notably(notable). 5．Traditional Chinese medicine has been a major part of traditional Chinese culture, offering a window into China for the world. 6．I have a good command of English, so I can apply my communication skills to voluntary work. 7．His story doesn't even completely correspond to the facts(与事实完全不符), making it clear that he's lying about what happened. 8．On top of caring for her younger brother(除了照顾她的弟弟之外), she participates in drama club activities after school. 9．我们必须全身心地投入这个项目中，倾注我们所有的精力和热情，确保每一个细节都完美无瑕。 We must throw ourselves into this project with all our energy and enthusiasm, ensuring that every detail is perfected. 提能一　语境辨词专练 1．猜测句中加黑词的词性及含义 (1)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The students aren't dismissed until 3：30.v.(学校)放学，解散 (2)This cotton shirt will shrink if you wash it in hot water, so use cold water instead. v.缩小，收缩 (3)His addiction to high­risk investments eventually led to his financial ruin. n.破产 (4)The writer built a small wooden retreat in the woods, where he finished his best­selling novel. n.隐居处 2．选出abandon的词性及含义 A．v.遗弃，抛弃　　 B．v.舍弃，离开 C．v.中止；放弃 D．n.放任，放纵 (1)(译林选必一U2)Even in his darkest moments, however, Beethoven never abandoned hope.C (2)(译林选必三U3)After receiving the order to abandon ship, Louis saved more men from the water, dragging them into the lifeboat.B (3)He danced with wild abandon at the party, forgetting all his worries for a moment.D (4)She couldn't bear to abandon the hungry stray cat, so she took it home and cared for it.A 3．选出check out的含义 A.探索；查看　　　 B．检查 C.结账离开 D．（从图书馆）借出（书） (1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser­known sights？A (2)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)I checked out a half­dozen books on Paul Revere from the library.D (3)According to regulations of this hotel, guests must check out before noon, or they will be charged for one day.C (4)The engineer checked out all the machines before they were put to use.B 提能二　应用文写作(百慕大三角未解之谜) 假定你是星光中学的李华，接受了学校校报的一项写作任务，要为校报写一篇有关百慕大三角未解之谜的文章。要点如下： 1．位置：位于大西洋，靠近佛罗里达州； 2．事件：1995年，一组日本科学家前往考查，后来杳无音信； 3．建议：避开这个危险地区。 The Bermuda Triangle lies in the Atlantic Ocean, near Florida in the USA. It is known as the Triangle of Death for its strange sea water and sudden storms. A group of Japanese scientists 1.set out to launch/set about launching an investigation(着手开展一项调查) to uncover the truth behind the mysterious area in 1995.However, nothing has been heard of ever since. In addition(用本单元所学词汇替换黑体词：2.Furthermore), 3.it is notable that(值得注意的是) during the past 60 years more than 1，000 seamen in ships and pilots in planes have lost their lives here. Despite numerous investigations，the causes of these accidents remain unknown, 4.causing the public to have doubts about the safety of this area(让公众对该区域的安全性心存疑虑；现在分词短语作状语). 5.It is advisable to steer clear of this dangerous area(避开这个危险地区是明智的). 提能三　场景微续写(追梦深海的赤诚心) ——有效强化教考衔接 词汇积累 [动作描写]　abandon, run for one's life, make a getaway, subdue, steer clear of, retreat, set out, throw oneself into, look into [环境描写]　canal, megadrought, ruin, the unknown, uncharted, coral, trench, vessel 佳句积累 [情感描写]　The Maya's understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing. [修辞手法]　(比喻)In these waters, more than 200 metres deep, where light cannot reach, are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction. ——主题语境主旨升华技巧：成长类 成长类读后续写通常有三个步骤：第一步，成长前的苦恼(负面情绪塑造)；第二步，成长过程(蜕变塑造)；第三步，成长后的升华(喜悦＋感激＋升华)。 结尾一：因学习知识而成长 As the old saying goes, it's never too late to learn.Each individual has access to more challenges and makes more progress through great efforts. 正如那句老话所说，活到老，学到老。每个人都有机会遇到更多的挑战，通过努力取得更多的进步。 结尾二：因发现天赋而成长 Only by finding your own talent and making more efforts can you make miracles in the end.(倒装) 只有找到自己的天赋，付出更多的努力，你才能最终创造奇迹。 结尾三：因追求梦想而成长 Only if we are brave enough to pursue our dreams can we realize what we are looking forward to.(倒装；what引导宾语从句) 只有我们足够勇敢地去追求我们的梦想，我们才能实现我们所期待的。 结尾四：因克服恐惧而成长 It takes determination and optimism to conquer our inner fear and turn our goals into reality. 要克服我们内心的恐惧，把我们的目标变成现实，就需要决心和乐观。 结尾五：因拥有自信而成长 I cracked a smile as I was finally aware of the real source of confidence. At present, I take pride in what I like because I have realized that it is your personality that determines who you truly are.(as引导原因状语从句；强调句型) 我笑了，因为我终于意识到自信的真正来源。现在，我为我喜欢的东西感到骄傲，因为我意识到，是你的个性决定了你真正是谁。 结尾六：因战胜困难而成长 Never is the journey to success smooth. It is filled with challenges and difficulties. We ought to be courageous enough to face them. As long as we don't quit and spare no effort to get over hardships, we will definitely achieve our ambitions.(倒装) 成功之路无坦途。它充满了挑战和困难。我们应该足够勇敢地面对它们。只要我们不放弃，不遗余力地克服困难，就一定会实现自己的理想。 结尾七：因战胜消极而成长 I can't emphasize the importance of a positive attitude too much.Neither can we change our past nor can we change facts.But what we can do is hold a positive attitude.(倒装；what引导主语从句) 我再怎么强调积极态度的重要性也不为过。我们既不能改变过去，也不能改变事实。但我们能做的就是保持积极的态度。 ——积累内化应用提升 [场景呈现]　“我”梦想成为一名深海探险家，并意识到成功的道路充满了挑战和困难，但“我”坚信，只要不放弃，一定会实现抱负。 第一步　完成句子 1．我一直沉浸在精彩的海底冒险故事中，梦想着成为一名深海探险家。 I have been throwing myself into wonderful undersea adventure stories, dreaming of becoming a deep­sea explorer．(现在分词短语作状语) 2．故事里的主角们一旦遇到困难，既不会退缩，也不会急于逃生。 Once the main characters in the stories encounter difficulties, they will neither retreat nor run for their lives． 3．相反，他们会尽全力去探索神秘的深海。 Instead, they will try their best to look into the mysterious deep sea． 4．他们绝不会放弃探索这片五彩斑斓的深海世界。除非面临生命危险，否则他们绝不会退缩。 In no way will they abandon exploring the colorful deep sea. Unless they were at the risk of losing their lives, they wouldn't retreat.(倒装) 5．从这些故事中，我明白了充满挑战与困难的成功之路从来都不是一帆风顺的。 From the stories, I am aware that the journey to success, which is filled with challenges and difficulties, is never smooth.(非限制性定语从句) 6．只要我们不放弃，不遗余力地克服困难，就一定会实现自己的理想。 As long as we don't quit and spare no effort to get over hardships，we will definitely achieve our ambitions. 第二步　连句成文 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： I have been throwing myself into wonderful undersea adventure stories, dreaming of becoming a deep­sea explorer. Once the main characters in the stories encounter difficulties, they will neither retreat nor run for their lives. Instead, they will try their best to look into the mysterious deep sea. In no way will they abandon exploring the colorful deep sea. Unless they were at the risk of losing their lives, they wouldn't retreat. From the stories, I am aware that the journey to success, which is filled with challenges and difficulties, is never smooth. As long as we don't quit and spare no effort to get over hardships，we will definitely achieve our ambitions. [选自：选修教材　人教版·选修一(新教材)　UNIT 3 P64] Luding Bridge was built centuries ago. Thirteen heavy iron chains, with a span① of some 100 yards or more, were stretched across the river, their ends imbedded② on each side under great piles of cemented rock, beneath the stone bridgeheads③. Thick boards lashed④ over the chains made the road of the bridge, but upon their arrival the Reds found that half of this wooden flooring had been removed, and before them only the bare⑤ iron chains swung to a point midway in the stream. At the northern bridgehead an enemy machine gun nest faced them, and behind it were positions⑥ held by a regiment⑦ of White troops. The bridge should, of course, have been destroyed, but the Sichuanese were sentimental about⑧ their few bridges; it was not easy to rebuild them, and they were costly⑨. And who would have thought the Red Army would insanely⑩ try to cross on the chains alone? But that was what they did. ①span n．跨度；持续时间 ②imbed v．埋藏 ③此处为独立主格结构 ④lash v．捆绑 ⑤bare adj.光秃秃的 ⑥此处为介词短语置于句首引起的全部倒装 ⑦regiment n．(军队的)团 ⑧be sentimental about对……充满感情 ⑨costly adj.昂贵的 ⑩insanely adv.疯狂地 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? An enemy machine gun nest. 2．Why was the Luding Bridge not completely destroyed by the enemy forces before the Reds arrived? The Luding Bridge was not completely destroyed by the enemy forces because the Sichuanese were sentimental about their few bridges. It was not easy to rebuild them, and they were costly. The enemy likely did not anticipate that the Red Army would attempt to cross on the chains alone, which was what they ended up doing. 【识文知意】　泸定桥建于数百年前。13条粗大的铁链横跨河面，跨度达100码甚至更大，铁链两端埋在石块砌成的桥头堡下面，用水泥封住。铁链上捆着厚厚的木板，构成了桥面，但当红军到达时，他们发现一半的木板已被拆除，在他们面前只剩下光秃秃的铁链在河中央摆动。在北面的桥头堡，有个敌人的机枪阵地正对着他们，其后面是一师白军据守的阵地。当然，这座桥本应该被炸毁的，但四川人对他们为数不多的桥梁感情很深；重建这些桥梁并不容易，而且代价高昂。谁会想到红军竟然会疯狂地试图独自穿过铁链过河呢？但他们确实这么做了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $