选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 Into the unknown（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

**基本信息** 聚焦高考高频题型，通过语篇解析系统提炼词义猜测、细节定位等解题方法，构建“语言理解-思维推理-语篇建构”的逻辑链条，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|3篇（含词义猜测、细节理解等题型）|语境分析法（词义猜测）、关键词定位法（细节理解）、主旨概括法（标题归纳）|从词汇语境理解到段落主旨归纳，再到语篇逻辑梳理，形成“微观-中观-宏观”理解层级| |七选五|1篇（篇章逻辑题）|上下文呼应法（代词指代、逻辑连接）、主题一致法（段落主旨匹配）|依托语篇衔接手段，构建“句间逻辑-段间关系-篇章结构”的逻辑网络|

[对应知能达标训练P571] 说明：阅读理解每题2.5分，七选五每题2.5分，本试卷共42.5分。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·四川成都名校联盟考试)For years，Egyptologists have hotly debated how the massive pyramids (金字塔) of ancient Egypt (埃及) were built more than 4，000 years ago.Now，a team of engineers and geologists brings a new theory to the table—a water lift device that would have floated the heavy stones up through the middle of Egypt's oldest pyramid using stored water. Ancient Egyptians built the Step Pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser in the 27th century BC，and it was the tallest structure at the time，coming in at about 62 meters tall.But how exactly the structure was erected，with a number of stones weighing in at 300 kilograms，has remained a centuries-old mystery，according to the study published Monday in the journal PLOS One. “Many detailed publications have discussed pyramid-building procedures and provided real examples，but these usually focus on more recent，better-documented，and smaller pyramids of the Middle and New Kingdoms (1980 to 1075 BC)，” said lead author Dr.Xavier Landreau，CEO of Paleotechnic，a privately owned research institute in Paris that studies ancient technologies. “The techniques involved could include ramps (活动坡道)，cranes (起重机)，or a combination of these methods，” he added in an email.“But what about the Old Kingdom pyramids (2675 to 2130 BC)，which are much bigger? While human strength and ramps may be the only construction force for small structures，other techniques may have been used for large pyramids.” Using a combined approach，the new paper was the first to report a system matching the Step Pyramid's internal architecture，the authors wrote. A complex water treatment systema drawing upon local resources could have created a water-powered elevator within the pyramid's internal vertical passage.Some type of float would have raised the heavy stones up the middle of the pyramid，according to the study. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。多年来，埃及学家一直在激烈讨论古埃及金字塔是如何建造的。如今，一组工程师和地质学家提出了一种新的理论——古埃及人可能使用了一种水升装置，通过存储的水升起重石。 1．What does the underlined word “erected” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Changed. B．Designed. C．Built. D．Destroyed. 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文的“Ancient Egyptians built the Step Pyramid...at about 62 meters tall”和下文的“with a number of stones weighing in at 300 kilograms，has remained a centuries-old mystery”可知，古埃及人在公元前27世纪建造了阶梯金字塔，这座由重达300千克的石头组成的建筑大约有62米高，是当时最高的建筑。再结合下文可知，全文围绕金字塔是如何建造的这一话题展开，画线词应意为“建造”。故选C项。 答案　C 2．Which may play a role in building small pyramids according to Dr.Landreau? A．People and ramps. B．Ramps and cranes. C．People and cranes. D．Water and ramps. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的“human strength and ramps may be the only construction force for small structures”可知，人力和活动坡道在建造小型金字塔中起作用。故选A。 答案　A 3．What is the main advantage of the water lift device in building pyramids? A．It simplifies the use of ramps. B．It helps to make heavy stones raised. C．It increases the weight of the stones. D．It uses some resources for treatment. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，古埃及人可能利用了复杂的水处理系统在金字塔内部的垂直通道内创造了一个水力升降机。根据这项研究，某种类型的漂浮装置可能会将这些沉重的石头提升到金字塔的中间。故选B。 答案　B 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Water Lift Theory: A New View on Pyramid Construction B．Recent Researches on the Stories of Egypt's Small Pyramid C．A Historical Debate: Egypt's Pyramid Construction Secrets D．Exploring Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Construction Mysteries 解析　标题归纳题。文章介绍了一种新的金字塔建造理论——水升装置理论，解释了古埃及大型金字塔的建造方法。故A项作本文标题最佳。 答案　A B (2025·福建福州第一次质检)Floating pieces of Arctic sea ice rolled into complicated patterns as ocean currents carried them south along Greenland's east coast in spring 2024.The MODIS (中分辨率成像光谱仪) on NASA's Terra satellite seized a moment of this dizzying journey on June 4，2024. Much of the ice has likely flowed a great distance to get to this point.The Fram Strait，connecting the Arctic Ocean with the Greenland Sea，serves as the primary route for sea ice out of the Arctic. Along the way，it breaks into smaller pieces and starts to melt in warmer ocean waters.“The smaller the floating ice，the more ‘wispy’ the patterns，” said Walt Meier，a sea ice scientist.The small ice pieces may only be meters across—too small to distinguish in MODIS imagery.Their gathering forms the smoke-like clouds on the water surface. As the summer wears on，ice will continue to be carried out of the Arctic.But in recent years，more of the Arctic Ocean's sea ice has become too young and thin to make the journey south，noted Angela Bliss，a sea ice scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.“Historically，when more of the Arctic sea ice would survive the summer melt season，growing thicker and older，a larger volume of sea ice would be transported through the Fram Strait，”she said. Some climate scientists are watching this decreased flow closely.The movement of sea ice and freshwater out of the Arctic is a component of ocean circulation (环流) patterns that distribute heat around the planet.The “global ocean conveyor belt” transports cold water south and warm water north，contributing to climate conditions worldwide.“Less ice and freshwater transport have big impacts on ocean productivity，as well as warming upper ocean temperatures，in the region，”said Bliss. A 2023 study looking at two decades of related observations found that the East Greenland Current is moving less sea ice through the Fram Strait，primarily due to sea ice thinning.The researchers observed that summertime surface water temperatures off Greenland have risen，in part due to the increased presence of heat-absorbing open water. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章以2024年6月4日美国航空航天局Terra卫星上的MODIS捕捉到北极海冰运动这件事引出近年来北极海冰运动减少这一现象，进而分析其减少的影响和原因。 5．What does the NASA image mainly show? A．The length of the coastline. B．The journey to the Arctic. C．A scene of sea ice movement. D．A pattern of the Arctic ice. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，2024年春天，漂浮着的北极海冰随着洋流沿着格陵兰岛东海岸向南移动，翻滚成复杂的图案，2024年6月4日美国航空航天局Terra卫星上的MODIS捕捉到了这段令人眼花缭乱的旅程。“this dizzying journey”指代上文提到的北极海冰运动，所以美国航空航天局的图像主要展示了北极海冰运动的场景，故选C。 答案　C 6．What does the underlined “wispy” in paragraph 3 possibly mean? A．Typical. B．Delicate. C．Evident. D．Similar. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The smaller the floating ice，the more ‘wispy’ the patterns，”可知，漂浮的海冰越小，形成的图案就越“wispy”。再结合下文“The small ice pieces may only be meters across — too small to distinguish in MODIS imagery.”可知海冰实在是太小了以致在图像中难以辨别，因此“wispy”可能指“细微的，纤细的”，故选B。 答案　B 7．Why are climate scientists monitoring the reduced flow? A．It affects the balance of global heat. B．It encourages Arctic ocean diversity. C．It leads to the pollution of freshwater. D．It speeds up the “ocean conveyor belt”． 解析　细节理解题。第五段首句讲一些气候科学家正在密切关注这种减少的流动，接着讲海冰和淡水从北极流出的运动是海洋环流模式的一个组成部分，而海洋环流模式在全球范围内分配热量，“全球海洋传送带”向南输送冷水，向北输送暖水，影响了全球气候条件。冰和淡水运输的减少对区域的海洋生产力产生了重大影响，同时也使海洋上层温度升高。由此可知，北极海冰流动的减少会影响海洋环流模式，从而影响全球热量的分配，故选A。 答案　A 8．What can we know about the changing sea ice in the last paragraph? A．Its theoretical basis. B．Its economic promise. C．Its impact on the Fram Strait. D．Its link with the climate system. 解析　推理判断题。最后一段讲研究发现通过弗拉姆海峡的海冰减少，这主要是由于海冰变薄。此外，格陵兰岛夏季的地表水温已经上升，部分原因是吸收热量的公共水域增加。由此可知，海冰减少会使区域的地表水温上升，即海冰的变化与气候系统有关系，故选D。 答案　D C (2025·湖北武汉五调)Cutting carbon emissions (排放) is not enough to keep global warming to less than 1.5 ℃—the goal of the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change.Not anymore，at least.As a result，hundreds of start-ups trying to remove greenhouse gases from the air and water have sprung up within the past few years.While land-based carbon-dioxide removal projects have been undergoing testing and development for decades，ocean-based carbon removal is more recent in the push to fight against climate change.And one of the leaders in that field—Equatic—is about to increase its efforts in a big way. What began three years ago as a US Department of Energy-funded research project out of the University of California，Los Angeles has already grown into a pair of pilot projects in Los Angeles and Singapore.And now，the company has its sights set on building a massive marine carbon capture (海洋碳捕获) facility in Quebec. The process for capturing carbon begins by pumping sea water into a tank and then using an electrical current to break down the water into oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) gases and a solution，which is then reacted with the air pulling carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and chemically transforming it into two byproducts.One，calcium carbonate，is a white powder.The other is a solution that gets released back into the ocean. The proposed Quebec plant differs significantly from Equatic's existing facilities.Its Singaporean pilot facility can process 4，000 tonnes of carbon each year.The planned Quebec facility，meanwhile，will be capable of processing 110，000 tonnes annually—about as much carbon as is emitted by 24，000 cars. Ultimately，though，the young industry is full of uncertainties.So far，research on marine carbon removal has been based on lab experiments and trials.So as Equatic's planned Quebec plant moves ahead，scientists will be watching to learn more about its environmental impact and about just how effective marine carbon dioxide removal can really be. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“海洋碳移除”技术展开，重点介绍了一家名为Equatic的公司及其在应对气候变化中使用的创新方法。 9．What can we know about Equatic from the first two paragraphs? A．It started as a university research project. B．It is a land-based carbon removal project. C．It has undergone tests for decades. D．It is a start-up located in Quebec. 解析　细节理解题。由第二段首句“What began three years ago as a US Department of Energy-funded research project out of the University of California，Los Angeles...”可知，Equatic 最初是一个大学研究项目。 答案　A 10．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Environmental impacts of carbon removal. B．Comparative analysis of removal methods. C．Economic advantages of Quebec facility. D．Equatic's carbon capture mechanism. 解析　段落大意题。第三段详细描述了Equatic的技术流程：电解(break down)海水→分解为气体和溶液[oxygen(O) and hydrogen ( H) gases and a solution]→与空气反应(reacted with the air)→转变为碳酸钙和溶液(two byproducts)。这是对其技术原理(mechanism)的说明。 答案　D 11．What sets the proposed Quebec plant apart? A．Its location. B．Its capacity. C．Its priority. D．Its partnership. 解析　细节理解题。第四段通过数据对比突出魁北克设施的规模：新加坡试点年处理4000吨，魁北克设施年处理110 000吨(约24 000辆车的碳排放量)。 答案　B 12．What is the author's perspective on marine carbon removal? A．It's energy-intensive. B．It's a permanent fix. C．It's down-to-the-ground. D．It's an open question. 解析　推理判断题。第五段指出该行业充满不确定性(full of uncertainties)，需进一步研究环境影响(environmental impact)和实际效果(how effective...)，说明技术尚未成熟，效果待验证。D项“这是个开放性问题”，与作者态度一致。 答案　D Ⅱ.七选五 (2026·广东汕头一模)Parents often focus on children's academic aspects of things.Math? Check.Reading? Done.Writing? Complete.Yet，handwork is often left for last.__13__ We live in a world that values math and literacy，science and technology.Does it really matter if our children know how to sew，knit or craft items? __14__ They are the makers，eager to bring what they have imagined to life.Others are reluctant.They may struggle with delicate skills.Trying to make anything becomes a source of frustration.While we may no longer need handcrafts to live a functional life in society，there are still many benefits to learning how to do them. Using tools of various types to create helps build delicate skills.When first learning how to sew，knit，bake and so on，one must learn how to use the tools safely and correctly.Moreover，learning how to follow a pattern to obtain the desired result is an important skill as well.But that's not all.__15__ Once basic skills are developed，there is a great deal of opportunity for creativity.Children can come up with their own plans and patterns.They can experiment with different stitches (针法)，materials，designs，etc.Creative thinking is also highly valued in many workplaces today.While making something by hand takes time，sticking with it develops both patience and persistence.Additionally，handwork can be a break from our technologically driven world.__16__ Creating something both beautiful and useful is worthwhile. __17__ You can start by teaching your children something you enjoyed and learning together with your children.Handwork can be good for your family life! A．This is understandable. B．We all enjoy the thrill of saying，“I made that！” C．Some children are naturally drawn to arts and crafts. D.Finally，you will develop the ability to do handwork. E．However，handwork is essential to children's development. F．It also increases mathematical understanding as items must often be measured. G．With all these benefits，it is easy to see that learning handwork is a valuable activity. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了手工(handwork)对儿童发展的价值。 13．解析　空前指出家长忽视手工，下文提到社会重视数学与读写能力、科学与技术。A项(这是可以理解的)承接上文的现象，引出下文该现象可以理解的原因。故选A。 答案　A 14．解析　下文描述两类孩子对手工的态度。C项(有些孩子天生被手工艺吸引)中Some children和下文的Others呼应。故选C。 答案　C 15．解析　第二段首句为该段的主旨句，提出了“使用各类工具进行创作有助于培养精细技能”的观点。F项(它还增加了对数学的理解，因为物品必须经常被测量)说明了手工带来的另一项好处，与前面的好处并列。also呼应上文“that's not all”。故选F。 答案　F 16．解析　空前提到手工可以让我们从科技驱动的世界中解脱出来。空后强调创造美观实用的物品是值得的。B项中的“I made that！”直接呼应Creating something的成就感。故选B。 答案　B 17．解析　空后呼吁家长行动，鼓励家长与孩子一起学习手工。G项(鉴于所有这些益处，不难看出学习手工是一项有价值的活动)总括了前文，并自然过渡到建议部分。故选G。 答案　G 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $