板块2 专题2 第1讲 定语从句（教用Word）-【精微方案】2027年高考一轮总复习讲义·英语语法串讲高分写作

该高中英语讲义聚焦定语从句核心考点，按关系代词、关系副词、“介词+关系代词”逻辑层次展开，通过考点梳理（表格对比关系词用法）、方法指导（that与which等区别辨析）、真题训练（2025年新高考等真题详解）、写作运用等环节，帮助学生构建知识体系，突破语法难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 资料采用“真题引领+分层训练”模式，如在关系代词考点中，结合2025年新高考全国卷Ⅰ真题解析，引导学生分析先行词及从句成分，培养思维品质。设置单句填空、语篇写作等分层练习，助力学生将语法知识转化为语言能力，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考效率提供有力支持。

板块二 句法 句式篇 复合句、并列句（成分）及特殊句式 第一讲　定语从句 1．(2025·新高考全国卷 Ⅰ)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____________ originated in China more than 4，000 years ago. which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Go, or weiqi in Chinese”，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。 2．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____________ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free­range, and central heating doesn't exist. where　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the countryside of Zhejiang，China”，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。 3．(2025·北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____________ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为1.3 billion tons of food waste，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。 4．(2025·浙江卷1月)Tanya is also looking beyond special­occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ____________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer­term rental period. which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。 定语从句是在复合句中修饰主句中名词(短语)或代词(有时也可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分)的从句，被修饰的对象叫作先行词，一般由关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)引导，作用相当于形容词。定语从句分为限制性定语从句(主句和从句之间没有逗号)和非限制性定语从句(主句和从句之间有逗号)。 考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句 1．关系代词 关系代词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分 who 指人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whom 指人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose 指人或物 定语 that 指人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 which 指物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as 指人或物 引导限制性定语从句时，通常与such、the same等连用，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 *(译林必修一U3)I also had a friend (whom/who/that) I trusted a lot.　我也有一个非常信任的朋友。 *(人教必修三U2)This stone is a danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark.　 对于天黑以后走在这条路上的人来说，这块石头很危险。 *(人教必修一U2)The statues fill only one part of the emperor's huge tomb, which still has not been completely unearthed. 　这些雕像只是浩大的秦始皇陵的一部分，这座陵墓现在尚未完全出土。 *(人教必修二U5)Two years ago, I was told I had a serious disease that/which was difficult to cure. 两年前，我被告知得了一种很难治愈的严重疾病。 *(外研选必一U2) On the first day, I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living. 第一天，我要看那些待我仁慈、温和、友好，从而使我的生活变得有价值的人。 2．that和which引导定语从句时的用法区别 情　况 例　句 只能用that不能用which 当先行词是everything、anything、nothing、 all、 none、 few、little、some等不定代词，或被every、any、all、some、no、little、few、much等词修饰时 *There is little that I can do for you. 几乎没有什么我能为你做的了。 *Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 　李老师说的话你都记下来了吗？ 只能用 that不能用which 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时 *The first place that they visited in London was Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时 *This is the most awesome journey that the tourists have ever taken. 这是游客们经历过的最棒的旅程。 当先行词被the very、the only等修饰时 *After the fire in his house, the old car was the only thing that he owned. 家里发生火灾后，那辆旧车是他唯一拥有的东西。 当先行词既有人又有物时 *They talked about the people and things that they saw in that country. 他们谈论在那个国家见到的人和事。 只能用which 不能用that 引导非限制性定语时 The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting. 我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时 I'm looking for a container in which I can put all these coins. 我正在找一个能盛下所有这些硬币的容器。 3.as和which引导定语从句时的用法区别 as which 从句位置 一般可置于句首、句中、句末 一般只能置于先行词后 先行词 只能是整个主句 可以是名词或代词，也可以是整个主句或主句的部分内容 意义 意为“正如、恰如” 意为“这一点、这件事” 例句 * (译林必修一U1)As Lao­Tzu wisely said, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” 　老子曾明智地说：“千里之行，始于足下。” * (译林选必三U3)As a teenager, he loved sailing, and he showed great interest in geography, which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman. 十几岁时，他热爱航海，对地理表现出极大的兴趣，这激励他开始他的航海生涯。 【即时演练1】——单句语法填空 1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ____________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford­upon­Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. who　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代先行词Tang Xianzu，指人，应用who。 2．(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell­Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ____________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代先行词Wrangell­Saint Elias，指物，应用which。 3．(2023 ·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____________ welcomes the fast­paced development of modern life. that/which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为地点名词place，指物，应用that或which。 4．(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ____________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” as　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，意为“正如”，应用as。 5．The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. that　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为species，且先行词前有all修饰，只能用关系代词that。 考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 用　法 例　句 when 先行词通常是时间名词，在从句中作时间状语(可与“介词＋ which”互换) *(译林选必四U4)I had been waiting with my fellow graduating students for the moment when I would walk out onto the stage to receive my degree certificate. 我和我即将毕业的同学们一直在等待着我走上舞台领取学位证书的那一刻。 where 先行词通常是地点名词，也可以是表示抽象地点的名词(如point、situation、stage等)，在从句中作地点状语(可与at/in which互换) *(人教选必二U4)When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. 火车抵达后，她们乘坐出租车来到路易斯湖，那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令她们惊叹不已。 *(译林必修二U4)In a word, we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature. 总之，我们现在已经到了一个我们希望欣赏和理解文学的阶段。 why 先行词是reason，在从句中作原因状语(可与for which互换) *(译林必修一U4)It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried. 青少年轻微超重是正常的，没有理由担心。 【名师点津】　当时间名词、地点名词和reason在从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词引导定语从句。 【即时演练2】——单句语法填空 1．(2023 ·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America ____________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings. where　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a town，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。 2．(2023·北京卷)Nina recently finished her year­long series of runs in Chicago, ____________ thousands were attending a water conference. where　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chicago，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。 3．I will always remember the days ____________ I lived with my grandparents in the countryside. when　解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the days，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。 4．At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ____________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. where　解析：考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是stands，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。 5．Woesler said that one of the reasons ____________ modern Chinese literature has attracted him is that many works have strong regional characteristics. why　解析：考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the reasons，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why。 考点三　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词常用which(指代物)或whom(指代人)，并且不能省略。whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人或物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom/which”。 *The newly built café， the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. 这家新建成的、墙壁被刷成了浅绿色的咖啡馆，对我们来说真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 2．名词/数词/代词等＋of＋关系代词 “one/two/some/most/all/both/neither/none/...＋of＋which/whom”表示部分与整体的关系。 *(译林选必二U1)The fire has also left dozens of people injured, 5 of whom are in a critical condition. 火灾还造成许多人受伤，其中5人伤势严重。 *(外研必修一U6)These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops. 这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，它们中的一些以伤害水稻作物的昆虫为食。 【即时演练3】——单句语法填空 1．I wish to visit the West Lake ____________ which Hangzhou is famous. for　解析：考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为West Lake，关系词在从句中作宾语，因be famous for为固定短语，且先行词指物，使用for which引导定语从句。 2．This special building is a place in ____________ theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to do creative things. which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为a place，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which。 3．Many lessons are now available online, from ____________ students can choose for free. which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为Many lessons，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which。 4．William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from ____________ we can learn without repeating them. which　解析：考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为past mistakes，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which。 5．He is an expert on rice planting from ____________ the local Zhuang people have learnt a lot. whom　解析：考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为expert，指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词whom。 1．关系代词引导的定语从句运用于写作 【典例1】 (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) 这样一个采用“描述和猜测”方法的具有吸引力的专栏必须让每个人都了解他人的特点，从而加强相互理解。 Such an inviting column which/that adopts a “description and guess” approach must expose everyone to others' characteristics, thus strengthening mutual understanding. 【运用1】 (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) 我正在联系您，了解您同意投稿的关于加拿大体育的文章的进展情况。 I'm reaching out to check on the progress of the article on Canadian sports which/that__you__kindly__agreed__to__contribute． 【典例2】 (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)托比是他永远的伙伴，是让他坚持下去的人。 Toby was his constant companion, the one who kept him going. 【运用2】 (2025·浙江卷1月)因此，他由住在隔壁的老太太希尔照顾。 Therefore, he was left in the care of Mrs. Hill, an old lady who/that__lived__next__door． 2．关系副词引导的定语从句运用于写作 【典例】 (2025·北京卷) 我们生活在一个不同文化共存的世界。通过分享我们的文化和相互学习，我们可以建立一个更加和谐的全球社区。 We live in a world where different cultures coexist. By sharing our cultures and learning from each other, we can build a more harmonious global community. 【运用】 讲座将在曾经举办过国际会议的礼堂举行。 The lecture will be held in the auditorium where__we__previously__hosted__the__international__conference． 3．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句运用于写作 【典例】 (2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)那么，为什么他突然强迫我做一件我肯定会失败的事情呢？ So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? 【运用】 (2024·上海卷1月)他们明白，文学绝不是脱离实际创造出来的，它反映并塑造了创作它的社会。 They understand that literature，far from being created in a vacuum，both reflects and shapes the society in__which__it__is__created． 4．非限制性定语从句运用于写作 【典例】 (2025·天津卷) 作为一个现代奇迹，它们不仅有效地连接了城市，大大缩短了旅行时间，还象征着中国的技术飞跃。 As a modern miracle, they not only connect cities efficiently，which shrink travel time significantly, but also symbolize China's technological leap. 【运用】 (2025·北京卷) 众所周知，环境正面临着严重的问题，这些问题影响着每个人的生活。 As__we__know,__the environment is facing serious problems, which__affect__everyone's__life. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2026·山东百师联盟一调)Leading the French group was 26­year­old Aurore Franche, ____________ is a fashion model and has a deep passion for cultural heritage preservation. who　解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为26­year­old Aurore Franche，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。 2．(2026·广东中山高三二模)He further explained that such creative efforts pave the way for future development of tourism in remote areas, ____________ new forms of cultural expression can bring lasting value. where　解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为remote areas，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。 3．(2026·重庆高三月考)But having a park nearby provides a place ____________ people can relax. where　解析：考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。 4．(2026·河南五市二模)A strong flavor means a lot for Northerners, who achieve this with salt and strong seasonings(佐料)，compared with people in the South ____________ preference is dishes lighter in flavor. whose　解析：考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词为people，关系词在从句中作定语，应用whose。 5．(2026·东北育才学校等校联考)These brocades, often associated with the royal family and high society, show China's mastery of textile (纺织品) art, ____________ has developed with technological advancements and cultural influences. which　解析：考查定语从句。 空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为textile art，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。 6．(2026·甘肃多校联考) It needed only one ox to pull it and had a perfect structure ____________ was light, flexible and could adjust the digging depth. that/which　解析：考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为structure，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。 7．(2026·辽宁省实验中学月考)A good example of the long song is “Vast Grassland”， a simple yet powerful piece made up of just two melodic phrases, ____________ easy composition shows the wide, free beauty of the Mongolian grassland. whose　解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a simple yet powerful piece，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰easy composition，表示所属关系，应用关系代词whose。 8．(2026 ·浙江金丽衢十二校二模) She also had great interest in astronomy and mathematics and wrote poems, commentaries, essays and several longer works, not all of ____________ survive. which　解析：考查定语从句。“not all of ____________”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“poems...longer works”，指物，应用关系代词which。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2026·浙江强基联盟联考)The UNESCO on Wednesday inscribed Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional new year, on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The decision 1.____________(make) during the 19th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, taking place in Paraguay from Dec.2 to 7.The committee recognized the festival for its wide array of rituals (仪式) 2.____________ unique cultural elements that engage all of Chinese society. UNESCO highlighted that the Spring Festival, 3.____________(mark) the start of the traditional Chinese Lunar New Year, involves various social practices, including 4.____________(prayer) for good fortune and family reunions. It also 5.____________(feature) activities planned by elders and festive public events organized by communities. According to UNESCO's documentation, the knowledge and customs 6.____________(associate) with the Spring Festival are passed 7.____________ informally within families and communities, as well as formally through the education system. China's vice minister of Culture and Tourism, 8.____________ led the Chinese delegation at the UNESCO session, expressed gratitude for the 9.____________(recognize). He stressed that the Spring Festival is China's most important traditional holiday, symbolizing the Chinese people's hopes for 10.____________ better life, strong ties to family and country, and the values of harmony between humans and nature. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。联合国教科文组织将春节列入人类非物质文化遗产名录，强调其丰富的文化元素和社会实践，体现了中国人民对家庭、自然和谐及美好生活的向往。 1．was made　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主语The decision与make之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语The decision为单数，be动词应用was。 2．and　解析：考查连词。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，“wide array of rituals”和“unique cultural elements”是并列关系，应用and连接。 3．marking　解析：考查非谓语动词。the Spring Festival与mark之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。 4．prayers　解析：考查名词复数。including是介词，后接名词作宾语。prayer在此处意为“祈祷”，为可数名词，应用复数形式。 5．features　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时；It作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 6．associated　解析：考查非谓语动词。be associated with意为“与……相关”，为固定搭配，空处应用过去分词作后置定语。 7．down　解析：考查固定短语。pass down是固定短语，意为“传承、传递”。 8．who　解析：考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是minister，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。 9．recognition　解析：考查名词。空前有定冠词the修饰，空处应用名词形式，recognition意为“认可、承认”，为不可数名词。 10．a　解析：考查冠词。此处表示“一种更美好的生活”，表示泛指，应用不定冠词；better的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。 Ⅲ.语篇写作运用 学校英文报组织同学们分享自己在假期中学到的新技能，请你以此为主题写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1．简要描述你的新技能； 2．你的体验和感受。 My New Skill This Holiday During the holiday, I learned to bake cookies，1.which__has__become__my__favorite__free­time__activity(这已经成为我最喜欢的休闲活动). I followed a recipe 2.that/which__my__cousin__shared__with__me(我表姐分享给我的), and it guided me through every step clearly. The first batch of cookies 3.that/which__I__made__(我做的)was a bit burnt, but I didn't give up. With more practice, I finally baked golden cookies 4.that/which__tasted__crispy__and__sweet(尝起来又脆又甜的). My family, 5.who__loved__the__cookies__very__much(非常喜欢这些饼干的), encouraged me to keep trying. This experience taught me that patience is the key to learning something new. I'm proud of the skill 6.that__/which__I've__gained (我学到的) and can't wait to try more recipes! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $