必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 课时精讲（教用Word）-【精微方案】2027年高考一轮总复习讲义·英语（人教版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦自然灾害主题，覆盖高考核心词汇（如tornado, rescue）、语法结构（“too...to...”“as if...”）及写作技能（新闻报道、读后续写），按基础词汇-拓展应用-写作输出的逻辑架构知识体系。通过考点梳理（词汇分类与辨析）、方法指导（句型应用技巧）、真题训练（语境辨词与语法填空）等环节，帮助学生系统突破难点，体现复习的针对性。 资料以分层教学和情境化训练为特色，基础、培优、拔高词汇分层设置，结合海啸场景微续写等活动，融合语言能力（词汇精准应用）与思维品质（细节描写逻辑）。通过“词汇积累-佳句仿写-连句成文”三步训练法，配合即时反馈，确保学生高效提升应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

1.tornado n．(pl.-oes or -os)龙卷风；旋风 2．drought n．旱灾；久旱 3．landslide n．(landfall)崩塌；滑坡 4．tsunami n．海啸 5．magnitude n．震级；重大 6．evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离 7.crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂 8．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒 9．revival n．振兴；复苏 10．typhoon n．台风 11．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风 12．whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n.哨子(声)；呼啸声 1.disaster n．灾难；灾害 2．slide vi.& vt.(slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动 3．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 4．damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失 5．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭 6．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 7．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) 8．gas n．气体；燃气；汽油 9．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏 10．percent n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 11．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊 12．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 13.bury vt.埋葬；安葬 14．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 15．suffer vt.遭受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 16．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给 17．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 18．tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 19．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 20．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.帮助；援助 21．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞 22．sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫 23．wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手 24．strike vi. & vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 25．effect n．影响；结果；效果 1.rescue n．& vt.营救；救援→rescuer n．救援者 2．die v．去世；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→death n．死；死亡→dying adj.垂死的；消亡的　 3．electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的→electricity n．电；电能 4．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 5．wise adj.明智的→wisdom n．智慧；才智→(反义词)unwise adj.不明智的 6.erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．爆发；喷发 7．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生存→survivor n．幸存者 8．emerge vi.浮现；出现→emergent adj.紧急的→emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况 9．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n.投递；送交；分娩 10．long adj.长的→length n．长；长度→lengthen v.(使)变长 1.as if似乎；好像；仿佛 2．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 3．in shock震惊；吃惊 4.in the open air露天；在户外 5．on hand现有(尤指帮助) 6．sweep away消灭；彻底消除 1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.(too...to...) 鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食，狗也不愿意到室内去。 2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if...)　仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 3．Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.(修辞之明喻) 砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面。 4．Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(who引导定语从句) 地震刚刚过去，部队就派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。 5.The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6，500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.(现在分词短语作结果状语) 过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6 500多人死亡。 6．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(be doing...when...) 我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，这时海水突然开始涌入我家。 [基础词汇] 1．rebuild v．重建 2．smog n．烟雾 3．relief n．救济物 4．donate v．捐赠 5．changeable adj.多变的 6．damp adj.潮湿的 7．victim n．受害者 8．consequence n．后果 9．freezing adj.极冷的 [培优词汇] 1．outbreak n．爆发 2．cloudburst n．(突然的)大暴雨 3．downpour n．倾盆大雨 4．misty adj.多雾的，薄雾笼罩的 5．catastrophe n．大灾难 6．sandstorm n．沙尘暴 7．stay put留在原地；固定不动 8．biting wind刺骨的寒风 9．thunder and lightning雷电 [拔高词汇] 1．tragical adj.悲剧的；可悲的 2．frostbite n. & v．冻伤 3．unconsciously adv.无意地；不知不觉地 4．deprive vt.剥夺；使丧失 5．disruptive adj.破坏性的；引起混乱的 6．perilous adj.危险的；艰险的 7．vulnerable adj.易受伤的；脆弱的 8．refugee n．避难者；逃亡者；难民 9．solidarity n．团结；相互支持 10．downcast adj.悲哀的；沮丧的；向下的 [话题语块] 1．stricken area受灾地区 2．burn to the ground全部焚毁 3．be trapped in ruins被困在废墟里 4．economic losses经济损失 5．rebuild one's home重建某人的家园 6．a big threat to people's lives对人们的生命是一个巨大的威胁 7．destroy the whole city摧毁整个城市 8．make joint efforts共同努力 9．rescue work救灾工作 10．return to normal恢复正常 [话题句型] 1．Disaster Day is aimed at advising everyone to stop doing the things that will cause natural disasters. “自然灾害日”旨在建议大家停止做会导致自然灾害的事情。 2．Natural disasters have caused serious tragedy, making plenty of people injured or dead. 自然灾害已造成严重的悲剧，导致很多人受伤或死亡。 3．If we make great efforts on it, we can reduce these natural disasters. 如果我们在这方面付出巨大的努力，我们就可以减少这些自然灾害。 名词或形容词后缀-al：(1)动词＋-al→抽象名词，表示“人、物、行为或结果”；(2)名词＋-al→形容词，表示“属于……的”或“具有……性质的”。 [写出句中加黑词的词性及含义] 1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放).adj.全球的 2．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)We hope to present the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.adj.视觉的，可视化的；adj.概念的 3．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay，an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research，tells New Scientist.adj.环境的 4．The bill is passed by the parliament, but it still needs the president's formal approval to become law.n.同意，赞成 5．The child's refusal to eat vegetables worried his parents, so they tried making vegetable-based snacks.n.拒绝 affect　vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 [补全语段/微写作] ①People's lives are__often__affected__by__various__factors(常常受到各种因素的影响). In relationships, we show__affection__for__those__we__care__about(向我们关心的人表达爱意). When someone is going through a tough time, the affection(affect) and support of friends and family can make a huge difference. ②得知你身患重病，不得不返回爱尔兰治疗，我感到非常遗憾。 Learning that you__are__affected__with__a__serious__disease and have to return to Ireland for treatment, I am terribly sorry about it. 应用文写作之安慰信 (1)be (deeply/greatly) affected by... (深)受……影响 be affected with... 染上……疾病 (2)affection n. 喜爱，关爱；感情 show/have/feel/develop (an) affection for... 喜欢…… [佳句背诵] (北师大选必一U3)It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. 很明显，人类活动对地球上其他所有物种都产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。 ruin　n.& vt.破坏；毁坏 [单句语法填空/补全句子/微写作] ①The ancient castle was reduced to ruins(ruin), and the surrounding villages were also severely affected. ②Playing computer games for too long has__nearly__ruined__me(几乎毁了我) and I have made up my mind to get rid of it. ③要不是他及时发出警告，爆炸很容易就会发生，使整个村庄变成废墟。 But for his timely warning, an explosion could have easily happened and left__the__whole__village__in__ruins． lie/be in ruins　　　 成为废墟；严重受损 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落， 败落 bring...to ruin 使……毁灭 [佳句背诵] Spending time on mobile games instead of focusing on classes will bring your high school study to ruin. 花时间在手机游戏上而不专心上课，将会毁掉你的高中学习。 shock　n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；打击　vt.(使)震惊 [单句语法填空/微写作] ①The news of the company's bankruptcy (破产) came as a great shock to the employees and also caused panic among the investors. ②(外研必修三U2)A shocked(shock) Winton watched as the majority of people rose to their feet. ③在听说学校旅行被取消后，学生们都感到震惊。 The__students__were__in__shock after hearing that the school trip had been canceled. ④(外研必修三U6)翻阅报纸的时候，我被一组照片震惊到了，照片显示亚洲的一场飓风摧毁了一个城镇。 Looking through my newspaper, I'm__shocked__by/at__photos showing that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town. (1)a great shock to sb.　　 对某人来说是一个极大的打击 in shock 震惊；吃惊 (2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked by/at... 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 [佳句背诵] He was shocked to discover that his best friend had betrayed him, which led to a conflict between them.　他震惊地发现他最好的朋友背叛了自己，这导致了他们之间的冲突。 [联想发散] 各种“惊讶”的表达：astonishing、 astonished、 amazing、 amazed、 surprising、 surprised等。 bury　vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏 [单句语法填空/补全句子/微写作] ①(译林选必二U4)The time capsule, buried(bury) 50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939. ②(北师大选必四U10)Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying__her__face__in__them(脸埋在里面), she proceeded to cry stormily.读后续写之动作描写＋情绪描写 ③专注于当下所做之事，我们才能为自己、为国家拼搏出更光明的未来。 Burying__ourselves__in/Buried__in__what__we__are__doing__at__present，we can fight for a brighter future for ourselves and for our country.(分词短语作状语)应用文写作之倡议书 (1) 埋头于；专心于 (2)bury one's face in one's hands/arms 双手掩面/把脸埋在臂弯里 [佳句背诵] Hearing that his family were buried in ruins, he buried his face in his hands and couldn't hold back his tears. 听到自己的家人被埋在废墟之下，他双手掩面，忍不住哭了起来。读后续写之情绪描写 [联想发散] “专心于、致力于”的表达还有：be devoted to、be lost in、be engaged in、be absorbed in、focus/concentrate on。 suffer　vt.遭受；蒙受　vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 [单句语法填空/补全句子/微写作] ①(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. ②(译林选必三U3)He suffered__serious__burns(遭受严重的烫伤) on his hands, arms and legs, and watched many of his friends die. ③我们的生命中总有一些起起伏伏，但也正是苦难才让我们更加坚强。 There are always some ups and downs in our lives, but it__is__the__suffering__that makes us stronger.(强调句型)读后续写之主旨升华 (1)suffer后常接pain、loss、defeat、poverty、hunger、punishment、hardship、damage等名词作宾语。　 suffer from...　　 患……病；受……折磨 (2)suffering n. 痛苦，苦难 sufferer n. 受难者；患病者 [佳句背诵] Although natural disasters may make us suffer great pains, I firmly believe that we can overcome the disasters through helping and supporting each other. 虽然自然灾害可能会使我们遭受极大的痛苦，但我坚信只要我们守望相助，必能战胜灾难。　读后续写之主旨升华 survive　vi.生存；存活　vt.幸存；艰难度过；幸免于难 [单句语法填空/微写作] ①Those who manage to endure the toughest of circumstances are the true survivors(survive). ②(译林必修三U4)Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival(survive). ③The gentle old lady survived her husband by ten years, but she was never lonely because her three children visited her every weekend. ④这位迷路的徒步旅行者靠野果和泉水生存了三天，直到救援队最终找到了他。 The lost hiker survived__on__wild__berries__and__spring__water for three days until a rescue team finally found him. (1)survive from...　　 从……幸存 survive on... 依靠……生存 survive...by... 比……多活…… (2)survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物 survivor n. 幸存者，生还者 [佳句背诵] Life isn't about how to survive the storm; it's about learning to dance in the rain. 生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存；而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。读后续写之主旨升华 [名师点津] survive表示“幸免于难”时，是及物动词，其后不需要加介词in或from。 strike　vt.& vi.侵袭；击打；突然想到；敲；划(火柴)；给人以……印象　n.罢工；袭击 [写出下列句中strike的词性及含义/补全句子/微写作] ①(译林选必四U1)The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar.v.划(火柴) ②In America, workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.n.罢工 ③It__struck/hit/occurred__to__me__that(我突然想到) playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team. ④因为感动于他为我所做的一切，我说不出话来，感激的泪水模糊了我的双眼。 Struck__with/by__what__he__had__done__for__me,__I couldn't utter a word, tears of gratitude clouding my eyes.读后续写之心理描写 (1)It strikes/hits/occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想起…… strike sb.in/on＋the＋身体部位 打某人的某个部位 be struck with/by... 被……所袭击； 被……所感动 (2)be/go on strike 在/举行罢工 [佳句背诵] When Tom wandered aimlessly around the streets, a stone struck him on his back, which made him very angry. 当汤姆在街上漫无目的地闲逛时，一块石头击中了他的背部，这让他非常生气。读后续写之心理描写 effect　n.影响；结果；效果 [补全语段/微写作] ①When a new law comes__into__effect(生效), it can have__a__significant__effect__on__people's__lives(对人们的生活产生重大影响). In__effect(实际上), these laws are designed to be__effective__in__addressing__various__issues(有效解决各种问题). People need to be aware of the laws and understand how they can have__an__effect/influence/impact__on/upon__their__daily__activities(对他们的日常活动产生影响). ②政府计划在年底前实施新的交通法规，以提高道路安全。 The government plans to put__the__new__traffic__regulations__into__effect by the end of the year to improve road safety. (1)in effect　　　　　　　 实际上 come into effect 生效 put...into effect 实施；使……生效 have an effect/influence/impact on/upon... 对……产生影响 (2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的 be effective in doing sth. 有效地做某事 effectively adv. 有效地；有影响地 [佳句背诵] (2024·全国甲卷满分作文)Besides, China's high-speed railway network has connected various cities effectively, greatly saving travel time and promoting economic development. 此外，中国的高速铁路网有效地连接了各个城市，大大地节省了旅行时间，促进了经济发展。 “too...to...”意为“太……而不能……” [教材原句] Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食，狗也不愿意到室内去。 [单句语法填空/补全句子/微写作] ①As the old saying goes, “It's never too late to__learn(learn)”—even if you're in your fifties, you can still pick up a new language or master a practical skill. ②They are__too__glad__to__share__their__experience__with__each__other(非常乐意互相分享经验), creating a harmonious learning atmosphere in the class. ③Yuan Longping is such a respectable man that we__can't__admire__him__too__much(我们再怎么钦佩他都不为过)．应用文写作之人物介绍 ④当在国外工作的姐姐突然出现在他的生日派对上时，他惊讶得说不出话来。 He was__too__astonished__to__speak when his sister, who worked abroad, suddenly showed up at his birthday party.读后续写之情绪描写 (1)“too＋adj./adv.(＋for sb.)＋to do sth.”表示否定意义，意为“(对某人来说)太……而不能做某事”； (2)“too...to...”结构中，too用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词(anxious、eager、glad、happy、pleased、ready、willing等)时，动词不定式表示肯定意义； (3)“can never/can't... enough/too/too much...”意为“再怎么……也不过分”。 [佳句背诵] (译林选必二U2)When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own, the coach will literally throw a towel into the ring to end the fight.　当一名拳击手输得很惨，又累又糊涂，不能独自放弃时，教练会直接把毛巾扔到拳击台上，结束这场比赛。 “as if...”意为“似乎/好像……” [教材原句] It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！　仿佛世界末日即将来临！ [单句语法填空/微写作] ①(北师大选必二U4)After a moment, he looks back at the envelope but this time he looks surprised, as if he did__not__know(not know) it was there. ②(外研必修三U5)当我说在水下三十英尺深的地方，可以像在大白天一样看得清楚时，会有人相信我吗？ Shall I be believed when I say that, at the depth of thirty feet, I could see as__if__I__was__in__broad__daylight? ③泪水在他眼眶里打转，大卫抬起头，望着我，仿佛有话要对我说，却又很快再次低下了头。 Tears swirling in his eyes, David raised his head, looking at me as__if__to__say__something__to__me,__but soon lowered his head once again.(状语从句的省略) 读后续写之动作描写 as if可以引导方式状语从句和表语从句。若陈述一种事实，从句用陈述语气；若表示一种虚拟、假设情况或不可能实现的情况，则用虚拟语气。虚拟语气形式为： as if＋主语＋ [佳句背诵] (译林必修三U3)I felt lost and anxious, as if I had missed something of value. 我感觉失落、焦虑，好像我错过了有价值的东西。 单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 1．(译林必修三U2)Mount Vesuvius' ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions(erupt) that might have warned the city what was to come! 2．(译林必修一U1)As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to__improve(improve) your communication and problem-solving skills. 3．With the help of the local charity, they eventually managed to__rescue(rescue) the seriously injured whale. 4．Now you can order your meals online and wait for the delivery(deliver) in your own room. 5．It is wisdom,__determination and dedication that make us succeed, so it is wise to employ ourselves in our work and it is unwise to waste time.(wise) 6．The father waved__goodbye__to__his__daughter (向他的女儿挥手告别) at the train station until the train was out of sight. 7．(2024·全国甲卷)There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold__their__breath(屏住呼吸) while they watched all action going on around them. 8．此外，这次比赛将会给你提供一个培养创造力，同时与有相同兴趣的同学们建立友谊的机会。 Moreover, the competition will supply__you__with__a__chance__to__develop__your__creativity and build friendship with students who share the same interest with you. 9．我们在山中徒步时遭遇了雷雨。更糟糕的是，我们找不到任何可以躲雨的地方。 We were caught in a thunderstorm when we were hiking in the mountains. What's worse, we couldn't find__anywhere__to__shelter． 10．被困在无望的境地，我瘫坐在地上默默抽泣，无助又失望。(过去分词短语作状语) Trapped__in__a__hopeless__situation，I sank to the ground and sobbed silently, helpless and disappointed. 提能一　语境辨词专练 1．猜测句中加黑词的词性及含义 (1)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.v.吸附 (2)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ读后续写)The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter. I forced a smile，unsure how to respond further.v.突然发出(尤指叫喊) (3)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.n.供应量 (4)The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing.n.绵延弯曲的地带 (5)His addiction to high-risk investments eventually led to his financial ruin. n.破产 2．选出strike的词性及含义 A．v.侵袭；爆发 B．v.突然想到 C．v.让(某人)觉得 D．v.击打；锻造 E．v.打动 (1)Her calm behavior struck me as unusual in such a stressful situation.C (2)(译林选必一U3)When I saw it up close, I was struck by the small areas of light across the painting, and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together. E (3)(北师大选必三U9)Centuries later, the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918, also called the Spanish Flu, struck near the end of World War Ⅰ.A (4)It suddenly struck me that I had forgotten to close the windows before leaving home.B (5)Remember the saying：Strike the iron while it's hot.D 3．选出deliver的词性及含义 (1)(译林选必三U3)The next day, President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech, in which he described December 7 as “a date which will live in infamy ” and asked that the US Congress declare war on Japan.C (2)(北师大选必四U10)Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. A (3)During the hurricane, a nurse delivered a newborn in a flooded hospital basement with only a flashlight.B 4．选出crash的词性及含义 A.v.(交通工具)碰撞　 B．v.撞击(某物)发出声响 C．v.(计算机等)崩溃 D．v.倒头就睡 (1)She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her. B (2)A speeding car failed to stop and crashed into a tree by the road this morning. A (3)He was so tired that he crashed onto the sofa as soon as he got home from work. D (4)The old computer suddenly crashed while I was typing an important work document. C 提能二　应用文写作(地震救助) 上个月，你的家乡遭遇了一场地震。假如你是校英文报的记者，请写一篇新闻报道，详细介绍相关情况。内容包括：1.地震造成的破坏；2.灾后的重建工作。 Last month, a terrible earthquake 1.struck__my__hometown(侵袭了我的家乡) all of a sudden, 2.causing__great__damage(造成了巨大破坏；现在分词短语作结果短语). It affected many people, and 3.destroyed__lots__of__houses__and__roads(摧毁了许多房子和道路), 4.making__a__great__many__families__suffer__huge__property__losses(使许多家庭遭受巨大的财产损失；现在分词短语作结果状语). Luckily, the soldiers came to 5.help__search__for__the__survivors__and__rescue__some__people__trapped__in__ruins(帮助搜寻幸存者并救出一些被困在废墟中的人). 6.A__lot__of__warm-hearted__people__made__great__efforts__to__offer__shelters__to__the__sufferers(许多热心人士竭尽全力为受难者提供避难所) and donate medical supplies, which were quickly transported to the disaster area. Slowly, the disaster area 7.began__to__breathe__again(又开始恢复生机), with transportation, industry and environment greatly improved. 提能三　场景微续写(海啸肆虐下的恐惧时刻) ——有效强化教考衔接 词汇积累 [环境描写]　drought, tornado, landslide, tsunami, volcanic eruption, in ruins, typhoon, hurricane [心理描写]　shock, in shock, calm, affect [动作描写]　rescue, flood, bury, damage, destroy, aid, sweep away, wave, suffer, survive, shelter, strike, deliver, breathe, supply, tap, crash 佳句积累 [修辞手法]　1.(排比)Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. 2.(夸张)Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. [动作描写]　Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. [主旨升华]　Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. ——情感细节描写：恐惧(一) 经典词汇 1.terrify v．使恐惧→terrifying adj.令人害怕的→terrified adj.极度恐惧的 2.horrify v．惊吓→horrified adj.惊恐的 3.alarm v．使惊吓→alarmed adj.惊慌的→alarming adj.令人惊慌的 4.frighten v．使害怕→frightened adj.害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的 5.scare v．使害怕→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.惊悚的，吓人的 6.panic v．& n．恐慌，害怕 靓点词块 1.strike fear into someone使某人感到恐惧 2.be paralyzed with fear 被吓瘫 3.be overwhelmed by fear 被恐惧压倒 4.be in panic/be seized with panic惊慌失措 5.one's throat tightens with horror/fear吓得喉咙发紧 6.be scared out of one's wits吓得魂不附体 7.be numb/frozen with fear吓呆了 8.tremble with terror/horror吓得发抖 9.tears of terror/horror/fear恐惧的泪水 10.one's heart be stuck in one's throat心卡在嗓子眼 出彩表达 1.The sudden noise sent a chill of fear down my spine. 那突如其来的声响让我脊背发凉，感到恐惧。 2.A flood of fear welled up in her when she walked in the empty street.(无生命名词作主语) 走在空荡荡的街道上，一阵恐惧涌上她的心头。 3.I was wandering in the woods when a snake came out and scared me to death. 我正在林间散步，突然一条蛇蹿了出来，吓得我半死。 4.I froze with terror, too scared to move an inch. (too...to...) 　我吓得呆住了，寸步难行。 ——积累内化应用提升 [场景呈现]　海啸袭来，人们恐慌万状，海啸过去，一片狼藉。 第一步　完成句子 1．海啸预警警报响起时，村庄陷入了震惊之中。即将到来的灾难的影响是显而易见的；每个人都知道，如果海浪袭来，它会困住并摧毁沿途的一切。 The__village__was__in__shock as the tsunami warning alarm sounded. The effect of the coming disaster was obvious; everyone knew that if the wave hit, it would__trap__and__destroy__everything in its path. 2．当大水开始淹没房屋时，那些在高处寻求庇护的人只能看着，被恐惧压倒。(过去分词短语作状语) As the water began to bury the homes, those who sought shelter in higher ground could only watch, overwhelmed__by__fear． 3．人们的心都提到了嗓子眼，许多人吓呆了，无法呼吸或移动。 People's__hearts__were__stuck__in__their__throats,__and many__were__numb/frozen__with__fear，unable to breathe or move. 4．幸存者吓得发抖，他们的村庄成了一片废墟。 The__survivors__trembled__with__terror/horror,__their village in ruins. 5．那些惊慌失措的人几乎无法正常思考，但他们知道必须活下去。(定语从句) Those__who__were__seized__with__panic could hardly think straight, but they knew they had to survive. 6．当水退去时，留下了一片废墟，提醒着人们大自然具有压倒和摧毁的力量。(动词不定式短语作定语) As the water dropped, it left behind a landscape of destruction, a reminder of nature's power__to__overwhelm__and__destroy． 第二步　连句成文 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： The village was in shock as the tsunami warning alarm sounded. The effect of the coming disaster was obvious; everyone knew that if the wave hit, it would trap and destroy everything in its path. As the water began to bury the homes, those who sought shelter in higher ground could only watch, overwhelmed by fear. People's hearts were stuck in their throats, and many were numb/frozen with fear, unable to breathe or move. The survivors trembled with terror/horror, their village in ruins. Those who were seized with panic could hardly think straight, but they knew they had to survive. As the water dropped, it left behind a landscape of destruction, a reminder of nature's power to overwhelm and destroy. [选自：选修教材　外研版·选修一(新教材)　UNIT 3 P85] But human courage is gradually defeated by the superior strength of nature that relentlessly①， with force that has hardened② through the millennia③， calls up all the powers of destruction, cold, frost, snow, and wind, against the five adventurers. Their feet have been rubbed raw④ long ago, and their bodies, insufficiently⑤ heated by the single warm meal each day, begin to fail⑥. One day the companions recognize with horror that Evans, the strongest man among them, begins doing absurd⑦ things. He stays behind on the path, complains incessantly⑧ about real and imagined afflictions⑨； with a shudder⑩ they discern from⑪ his peculiar⑫ talk that the unfortunate man has gone insane⑬ as a result of a fall or the horrible ordeal⑭. What can they do with him? Leave him behind in the desert of ice？ ①relentlessly adv.无情地 ②harden v．(使)变硬，坚固 ③millennia n．一千年 ④raw adj.(常用义) 生的 (文章义) 红肿疼痛的 ⑤insufficiently adv.不足地 ⑥fail v．(常用义) 失败 (文章义)(健康)衰退 ⑦absurd adj.荒谬的 ⑧incessantly adv.不断地 ⑨affliction n．痛苦；苦难 ⑩shudder n．颤抖，战栗 ⑪discern from从……辨别出 ⑫peculiar adj.奇怪的 ⑬insane adj.疯癫的；精神失常的 ⑭ordeal n．磨难 1．What is the main idea of the passage? Five__adventurers__face__nature's__power,__and__Evans__goes__insane,__so__they're__in__trouble. 2．How does the companions' realization about Evans' mental state affect them, and what moral dilemma do they face regarding Evans' situation? The__companions'__realization__that__Evans__has__gone__insane__fills__them__with__horror.__They__are__faced__with__a__moral__dilemma__regarding__what__to__do__with__Evans.__They__must__decide__whether__to__leave__him__behind__in__the__desert__of__ice__or__find__a__way__to__continue__with__him.____ 【识文知意】　但是，大自然那历经千年磨砺的强大力量无情地召唤出毁灭、寒冷、霜冻、冰雪和狂风等一切破坏之力，逐渐击垮了人类的勇气，这五位探险者也不例外。他们的双脚早已被磨破，而他们每天仅靠一顿热饭根本无法得到足够的温暖，身体开始垮掉。有一天，同伴们惊恐地发现，他们中最强壮的埃文斯开始做出一些荒谬的事情来。他落在队伍后面，不停地抱怨着真实和想象中的痛苦；他们从他奇怪的言语中不寒而栗地看出，这个不幸的人由于摔倒或经历了可怕的磨难而精神失常了。他们该拿他怎么办呢？把他留在冰雪沙漠里吗？ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $