选择性必修第四册 UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS 课时精讲（课件PPT）-【精微方案】2027年高考一轮总复习讲义·英语（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“景点与文化”主题，依据高考评价体系覆盖词汇（阅读、核心、拓展词汇）、语法（“介词+关系代词”定语从句等）、应用文写作（申请信、景点介绍）及读后续写等核心考点。通过分析近三年真题明确词汇辨析（如pick up多义）、语法填空（如located用法）等高频考点分布，归纳阅读七选五、语法填空、写作等常考题型，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“真题实战+语用迁移+思维建模”，如结合2025新高考全国卷真题训练pick up多义辨析，用“介词+关系代词”定语从句升级句式，培养语言能力与思维品质。提供应用文写作模板（如景点位置描述、事件叙述）和读后续写场景素材（探险生态系统），帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此系统规划复习，提升备考效率。

UNIT 2　ICONIC ATTRACTIONS 内 容 索 引 单元语基 梳理速记 1 1 创意课堂 点面突破 2 高效迁移 多维提能 1 3 高阶阅读 链接选修 1 4 单元语基 梳理速记 第一部分 3 1.equator n．赤道 2．barbecue n．户外烧烤；烤架 3．bakery n．面包(糕饼)店；面包厂 4．butcher n．肉贩；屠夫；刽子手 5．herb n．药草；香草；草本 6．hollow adj.中空的；空心的 7.pitch n．音高 识记阅读词汇 返回导航 8．slogan n．标语；口号 9．getaway n．适合度假的地方 10．strait n．海峡 11．mammal n．哺乳动物 12．hatch vi.孵出；破壳 vt.使孵出；策划；(尤指)密谋 13．fence n．栅栏；围栏 返回导航 1.foundation n．创建；基础；地基；基金会 2．located adj.位于；处于；坐落于 3．joint n．公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所)；关节；接合处 adj.联合的；共同的　 4．premier adj.最著名的；第一的；首要的 n．总理；首相 5．straightforward adj.坦率的；简单的 6．minister n．部长；大臣；外交使节 熟记核心词汇 返回导航 7．arrow n．箭；箭头 8．dive vi.& n．潜水；跳水；俯冲 9.sponsor vt.倡议；赞助；主办 n．(法案等的)倡议者；赞助者 10．liberty n．自由 11．monument n．纪念碑；历史遗迹 12．distribution n．分布；分配；分发 13．temporary adj.暂时的；短暂的 返回导航 14．phase n．阶段；时期 15．session n．一场；一段时间；会议 16．nest n．巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点 17．capacity n．能力；容量；资格；职位，职责 18．prison n．监狱；监禁 19．grand adj.大；宏大的 返回导航 1.politics n．政治；政治学→political adj.政治的→politician n．政治家；政客 2．title vt.加标题于；赋予头衔n.名称；标题→entitle vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利 3．free adj.自由的；空闲的；免费的 vt.释放；使摆脱；解除→freedom n．自由；不受……影响的状态→freely adv.自由地；畅通地 活用拓展词汇 返回导航 4．license vt.批准；许可 n．(＝licence)许可证；执照→licensed adj.得到正式许可的 5.frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.频繁地；常常→frequency n．发生率；重复率；(声波或电磁波振动的)频率 6．violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violently adv.粗暴地；强烈地→violence n．暴力；暴行 7．biology n．生理；生物学→biological adj.生物学的→biologist n．生物学家 返回导航 1.be referred to as...被称为…… 2．can't wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事 3．be native to原产于 4．say goodbye to告别 5．personally speaking就个人来说 牢记短语词块 返回导航 6.feel at home舒适，自在 7．a flock of一群(羊或鸟) 8．pick up捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；(开车)接某人 9．come across偶然遇到 10．a handful of少数人(或物)；一把(的量) 返回导航 1.Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as “down under”．(过去分词短语作状语) (澳大利亚)位于赤道以南，并在地球上很多国家的下方，它常被非正式地称为“down under”。 背诵单元佳句 返回导航 2．To survive in this vast land on the ocean, the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature.(动词不定式作目的状语)　 为了在大洋中这片广阔的陆地上生存，土著居民必须与大自然保持密切联系。 3．Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句) 他们绝大多数的乐器其实就是在地上找到的树枝，其中就有一种令人惊叹的乐器，叫迪吉里杜管。 返回导航 4．Personally speaking, what I like most about Australia is the people themselves.(what引导名词性从句) 就我个人而言，关于澳大利亚我最喜欢的是澳大利亚人。 5．The noise they make could wake the dead.(修辞之夸张)　它们发出的声音可以吵醒死人。 6．There are only a small handful of animals in the world that can do that！(There be句型；定语从句) 世界上只有很少的动物可以那样做！ 返回导航 [基础词汇] 1．historical site历史遗址 2．national park国家公园 3．beach n．海滩 4．mountain range山脉 5．waterfall n．瀑布 6．valley n．峡谷 7．fountain n．喷泉 8．amusement park游乐园 话题语基培优 返回导航 [培优词汇] 1．deforestation n．滥伐森林 2．non-renewable adj.不可再生的 3．reforestation n．重新造林 4．bio-diversity n．生物多样性 5．leafy adj.多叶的 6．naturally-grown adj.自然生长的 7．landmark n．地标 8．resort n．度假村 返回导航 [拔高词汇] 1．aquarium n．水族馆 2．cathedral n．大教堂 3．observatory n．天文台 4．sanctuary n．动物保护区 5．scenic spot风景区 6．cityscape n．城市景观 7．panorama n．全景 8．skyline n．天际线 返回导航 [话题语块] 1．a must-see attraction一个必看的景点 2．admire/enjoy the mountain/natural scenery 欣赏山景/自然风景 3．broaden one's horizons开阔眼界 4．local customs and practices风土人情 返回导航 5．get around四处走动 6．rolling hills起伏的群山 7．explore the riches of the collection探索丰富的收藏 8．form a unique view形成独特的景色 9．affect our everyday lives影响我们的日常生活 返回导航 [话题句型] 1．Located on the bank of the Yangtze River, this beautiful old city has become a popular tourist attraction. 　坐落在长江之畔，这座美丽的古城成了一个受欢迎的旅游胜地。 2．On arriving at the top of the hill, we were deeply attracted by the beautiful scenery. 　一到达山顶，我们就被这里美丽的风景深深地吸引了。 返回导航 3．What makes it distinguish from other resorts is that it is rich in natural resources and primitive forests.　与其他景区不同的是这里有大量的自然资源和原始森林。 返回导航 循构词破词关 前缀re-：能与动词、名词等多种词根搭配，衍生出丰富的词汇，表示“回；向后”(强调方向逆转)和 “再；重新；重复”(强调动作重复)。 [写出句中加黑词的词性及含义] 1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) All have been replaced by these stupid reality shows, and game shows, you know._____________ v.替换，代替 返回导航 2.(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1，000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. _____________ 3．(2024·全国甲卷)For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给)._____________ v.回收利用 v.返回 返回导航 4．(2025·浙江卷1月) Written communication will give your audience more time to review it，think it over, and follow up with questions. _____________ 5．Till now, every time I recall this experience, I can't help wondering if there is more trust and honesty in the world, how charming our world will be. _____________ v.审阅 v.回忆 返回导航 创意课堂 点面突破 第二部分 26 1 located　adj.位于；处于；坐落于 [单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级] ①(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic ______________ (locate), we make sure there is always a bike available for you. locations 返回导航 ②Sichuan Province ___________________________________________ ________________ (位于中国的西南部). It enjoys many world-famous places of interest. →Sichuan Province，_________________________________________ _______, enjoys many world-famous places of interest.(分词短语作定语) is located/is situated/lies in southwestern part located/situated/lying in southwestern part of of China China 返回导航 (1)be located in/on/at　 位于；坐落于 be situated in 位于；坐落于 lie in 位于 (2)locate vt. 找出……的位置；把…… 设置(在)；使……坐落(于) (3)location n. 地点；位置 [佳句背诵] Located at the west end of the city, the park has a lot of room for visitors to walk around. 位于这座城市的西端，这个公园有很大的空间供游客漫步。 返回导航 2 freedom　n.自由；不受……影响的状态 [补全句子/微写作] ①Many universities provide online courses ____________________(免费), allowing more people to access quality education. ②(外研选必四 U1)虽然我们可以自由地选择走哪条路，但是当两条路看起来大同小异时，做出选择其实很难。 ________________________________________________, this choice isn't easy when those two paths look similar. 读后续写之主旨升华 for free/free of charge Although we may be free to choose which path to take 返回导航 ③曾经有一段时间，我甚至觉得我的父母无法理解我，所以我想摆脱他们的管束，但后来我意识到他们的关心和爱护是无价的。 At one time, I even felt that my parents couldn't understand me, so I ________________________________________, but later I realised that their concern and love were invaluable.读后续写之心理描写 wanted to free myself from their control 返回导航 (2)free adj.　　　　　 自由的，空闲的；免费的 vt. 释放；使摆脱；解除 be free to do sth. 自由做某事 set...free 释放……；使……获得自由 for free/free of charge　 免费 keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等) free from/of... 不受……影响的；无……的 free...from... 使摆脱 (3)freely adv. 自由地；畅通地 返回导航 [佳句背诵] Besides enriching our school life, the winter hiking also freed us students from the heavy work of study.　除了丰富我们的学校生活之外，冬日远足也把我们学生从繁重的学习中解脱出来。 返回导航 3 capacity　n.能力；容量；资格；职位，职责 [单句语法填空/语段写作] ①(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Volunteering makes you feel ___________ (capacity) and inspires you to make the most of each day. capable 返回导航 ②我有能力组织各种课外活动，如英语角。此外，我能够轻松地用英语与交换生交流。因此，我认为我可以胜任这个职位。 I _______________________________________________________, such as the English Corner. Furthermore, I _______________________________________________ in English with ease.Hence, I reckon that I am qualified for this position. 应用文写作之申请信 have the capacity to organise various extra-curricular activities am capable of communicating with exchange students 返回导航 (1)have the/a capacity to do sth. 有能力做某事 in the capacity of... 以……的资格，有……的资格 (2)capable adj.　　　　　　 有能力的 be capable of doing sth. 有能力做某事 [佳句背诵] With a capacity to speak English fluently, I have no difficulty communicating with foreign visitors. 我能说一口流利的英语，与外国游客交流没有困难。 应用文写作之申请信 返回导航 4 “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 [教材原句] Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo. 他们绝大多数的乐器其实就是在地上找到的树枝，其中就有一种令人惊叹的乐器，叫迪吉里杜管。 返回导航 [单句语法填空/句式升级] ①(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by _______ silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. ②She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of _______ were from Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups. which whom 返回导航 ③Furthermore, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources, and some of them are completely new to us. →(外研选必四 U5)Furthermore, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources, __________________________________________． (定语从句) →Furthermore, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources, ___________________________________．(独立主格结构) some of which are completely new to us some of them completely new to us 返回导航 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。 (1)one/two/several/most/each/all/both of which/whom；　　 (2)the＋名词＋of which/whom。 返回导航 [佳句背诵] (1)The activity, the aim of which/of which the aim/whose aim is to draw our attention to environmental protection, raises our awareness of caring about nature. 这个旨在引起人们对环境保护的关注的活动提升了我们关爱大自然的意识。应用文写作之环境保护 (2)The charity organization helps hundreds of families each year, many of whom are struggling to make ends meet. 该慈善组织每年帮助许多在努力维持生计的家庭。 返回导航 单句语法填空/补全句子 1．The exhibition, ____________ (sponsor) by the local government, will illustrate how technology is constantly evolving and changing. 2．A direct talk is better than a flowery speech, so just tell them ____________________ (straightforward) that you want them to leave now. sponsored straightforwardly 返回导航 单元要点·小练拾遗 3．(2025·八省联考)However, before I reached it, one of the pigeons from the group picked _______ the necklace, flew to the bench, and dropped it on her lap. 4．At present, the world has about 6，800 languages.The ______________ (distribute) of these languages is hugely uneven. 5．The ______________ (politics) leader turned out to be a person of integrity and dignity, which was contrary to the rumour. up distribution political 返回导航 单元要点·小练拾遗 6．I have been dismissed due to my ______________ (violence) behavior and now I am quite guilty. 7．She is afraid to go out and has become a virtual ______________ (prison) in her own home. 8．When it comes to physical exercise, what really matters is ______________ (frequent), not intensity. 9．Yesterday, I ____________________________ (偶遇我以前的同学), but his name escaped me, which made me embarrassed. violent prisoner frequency came across my former classmate 返回导航 单元要点·小练拾遗 第三部分 高效迁移 多维提能 45 1．猜测句中加黑词的词性及含义 (1)(2025·浙江卷1月)There's no value in delivering any kind of communication，whether written，spoken，formal，or informal，if the message doesn't come across clearly.__________________ (2)She fell while running and hurt her knee joint, so she has to wear a knee brace for a month. _________ (3)She presented her research findings at the international academic session last month which focused on the latest advancements in environmental science._________ 提能一　语境辨词专练 被理解，被传达 n.关节 n.会议 返回导航 A．拿起，端起　　　　B．领取，取走 C．恢复，好转 D．(偶然)学会 E．开车/骑车接人 2．选出pick up的含义     (1)(2025·浙江卷1月) For a physical item，you will be notified by email when it arrives. Items are picked up at one of our libraries—the one you selected in the ILL Request Form._____ (2)(2023·全国甲卷)The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book._____ B A 返回导航 A．拿起，端起　　　　B．领取，取走 C．恢复，好转 D．(偶然)学会 E．开车/骑车接人 (3)He picked up some basic Spanish just by talking to locals during his trip._____ (4)Can you pick me up at the subway station on your way to work tomorrow?_____ (5)We've been through a hard time, but things are picking up again now. _____ D E C 返回导航 A.v.潜水　　B．v.迅速投入　　C．v.下降 3．选出dive的词性及含义   (1)The marine biologist dived 20 meters deep to observe the rare sea turtles that only gather in this coastal area during their breeding season._____ (2)After the new policy was released, housing prices in the area dived by 15% in a month. _____ (3)As soon as she got home, she dived into her writing and didn't go to bed until midnight. _____ A C B 返回导航 假定你是星光中学的李华，接受了学校校报的一项写作任务，要为校报写一篇有关百慕大三角未解之谜的文章。要点如下： 1．位置：位于大西洋，靠近佛罗里达州； 2．事件：1995年，一组日本科学家前往考查，后来杳无音信； 3．建议：避开这个危险地区。 提能二　应用文写作(百慕大三角未解之谜) 返回导航 The Bermuda Triangle 1._______________(位于) the Atlantic Ocean, near Florida in the USA, 2.__________(被称为；过去分词短语作状语) the Triangle of Death for its strange sea water and sudden storms. A group of Japanese scientists 3._______________________(迫不及待开展) an investigation 4.____________________(来揭开真相；动词不定式作目的状语) behind the mysterious area in 1995.However, nothing has been heard of ever since. Furthermore, it is notable that is located in known as couldn't wait to launch to uncover the truth 返回导航 during the past 60 years more than 1，000 seamen in ships and pilots in planes have lost their lives here. Despite numerous investigations, the causes of these accidents remain unknown, causing the public to doubt the safety of this area. 5._____________________(就个人来说), it is advisable to steer clear of this dangerous area. Personally speaking 返回导航 提能三　场景微续写(独特的生态系统) 积累教材续写语料——有效强化教考衔接 词汇积累 [环境描写]　located, equator, herb, frog, getaway, strait, monument, trunk, nest, fence, grand [人物描写]　butcher, premier, straightforward, minister, freedom, violent, capacity [动作描写]　vibrate, entitle, dive, sponsor, hatch, distribution, license 返回导航 佳句积累 [环境描写]　Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as “down under”． [情感描写]　I can't wait to see all of them！ [动作描写]　To play the didgeridoo, you put your mouth on one end and blow while vibrating your lips. [人物描写]　They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life, and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went. [修辞手法]　(夸张)The noise they make could wake the dead. 返回导航 拓展续写话题素材——旅行探险类 经典词汇 1.abundance n．丰富；充裕 2.conservation n．保存；保护 3.ecology n．生态；生态学 4.habitat n．栖息地，(动植物的)生活环境 5.shortage n．不足；缺少 6.ecological adj.生态的；生态学的 7.extinct adj.灭绝的 返回导航 经典词汇 8.non-renewable adj.不可再生的 9.widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的 10.diverse adj.多种多样的 11.endanger v．使陷入危险 12.witness v．当场看到；目击；见证 13.adventure n．冒险 14.expedition n．远征；考察 15.camp n．露营 返回导航 经典词汇 16.navigate v．导航 17.backpack n．背包 18.summit n．顶峰 19.wilderness n．荒野 20.ecotourism n．生态旅游 21.survival n．生存 22.trail n．小径 返回导航 靓点词块 1.raise people's awareness of animal protection提高人们保护动物的意识 2.be native/unique to...产于……/是……独有的 3.live/exist in harmony with...与……和谐相处 4.set up natural reserves建立自然保护区 5.thrilling adventures惊险的冒险 返回导航 靓点词块 6.journey into the wilderness荒野之旅 7.discover hidden treasures发现隐藏的宝藏 8.explore the dense forests探索茂密的森林 9.encounter exotic wildlife遇到奇异的野生动物 10.witness breathtaking scenery 见证令人惊叹的风景 返回导航 出彩表达 1.While exploring the dense forest, we stumbled upon a hidden waterfall that few people had seen before.(状语从句的省略；定语从句) 当探索茂密的森林时，我们偶然发现了一个几乎无人见过的隐秘瀑布。 2.Because we had prepared well for the expedition, we were able to navigate through the rugged terrain without any major difficulties. 因为我们对这次远征做了充分的准备，所以我们能够顺利地穿越崎岖的地形，没有遇到任何重大困难。 返回导航 出彩表达 3.The local guide not only showed us the way but also shared fascinating stories about the history of the area, which enriched our travel experience.(not only...but also...；定语从句) 当地向导不仅为我们引路，而且分享了关于该地区历史的具有吸引力的故事，丰富了我们的旅行体验。 4.Interested in adventure, Mr.Fairfax set out to explore a remote area to hunt rabbits in the cold winter.(形容词短语作状语) 出于对冒险的兴趣，费尔法克斯先生开始探索一个遥远的地方，以便在寒冷的冬天猎取野兔。 返回导航 [场景呈现]　探险队在位于亚马孙雨林的中心地带发现了一个独特的生态系统。 第一步　完成句子 1．我们的探险队在亚马孙雨林的中心地带，发现了一个充满生命的独特生态系统。 _________________________________, our expedition team discovered a unique ecosystem filled with life. 重拳锤炼续写场景——积累内化应用提升 In the heart of the Amazon rainforest 返回导航 2．在茂密的森林中，我们发现了一小块区域，各种颜色和大小的青蛙在天然的草篱后安全地筑巢。(定语从句)　 Among the thick forest, we found a small area ________________________________________________ behind a natural fence of grasses. 3．这些动物与周围环境和谐共存，展现了大自然令人难以置信的生物多样性。 These animals __________________________________________, showing nature's incredible biodiversity. where frogs of various colors and sizes nested safely lived/existed in harmony with their surroundings 返回导航 4．当我们深入探索时，我们穿过了一条连接两大水域的狭窄海峡，其景色既令人惊叹又简洁美丽。(独立主格结构) As we explored deeper, we crossed a narrow strait that connected two larger bodies of water，________________________________________ ________________． a sight both breathtaking and straightforward in its beauty 返回导航 5．我们的赞助方为我们提供了用于重新播种植被的工具，旨在提高人们对保护这些原始环境重要性的认识。(现在分词短语作状语) Our sponsor had equipped us with tools to distribute seeds for reforestation, ________________________________________________ _______________________________________． aiming to raise people's awareness of the importance of preserving such primitive environments 返回导航 第二步　连句成文 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 返回导航 One possible version： In the heart of the Amazon rainforest, our expedition team discovered a unique ecosystem filled with life. Among the thick forest, we found a small area where frogs of various colors and sizes nested safely behind a natural fence of grasses.These animals lived/existed in harmony with their surroundings, showing nature's incredible 返回导航 biodiversity.As we explored deeper, we crossed a narrow strait that connected two larger bodies of water, a sight both breathtaking and straightforward in its beauty.Our sponsor had equipped us with tools to distribute seeds for reforestation, aiming to raise people's awareness of the importance of preserving such primitive environments. 返回导航 第四部分 高阶阅读 链接选修 [选自：选修教材　外研版·选修二(新教材)　UNIT 4 P60] By capturing and sharing their plight① through the media, he could appeal to② as many people as possible to reach out to③ the children and give them a chance at the future they deserved. With this in mind, Xie embarked④ on a year-long project to go to 28 poor counties across 12 different provinces, visiting more than a hundred 返回导航 schools along the way. His photograph of “big eyes girl” Su Mingjuan embodied⑤ this endeavour⑥， touching⑦ the hearts of thousands and inspiring countless Chinese to donate money to the cause⑧. People from all walks of life⑨ responded, and their donations helped many would-be dropouts⑩ in Xie's photographs stay in school. 返回导航 ①plight n．苦难；困境 ②appeal to呼吁 ③reach out to向……伸出援助之手 ④embark v．开始 ⑤embody v．体现 Knowledge Bank 返回导航 ⑥endeavour n．努力 ⑦touch v．(常用义) 接触 (文章义) 触动 ⑧cause (常用义) v．引起 (文章义) n．事业 ⑨all walks of life各行各业 ⑩dropout n．辍学者 返回导航 1．What is the main idea of the passage? ____________________________________________________________ Critical Thinking Xie used media to help poor children via a project and many photos. 返回导航 The public responded positively to Xie's initiative, with people from all walks of life donating money to support the cause. Their donations had a significant impact, as they helped many children who were at the risk of dropping out to stay in school, thereby promising them a better future. The response demonstrated the power of media and public engagement in addressing educational inequality. 2．How did the public respond to Xie's initiative, and what was the impact of their response on the children he photographed? What did the response demonstrate? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 返回导航 【识文知意】　通过媒体捕捉并分享这些孩子的困境，他能够呼吁尽可能多的人伸出援手，给这些孩子一个他们应得的未来的机会。怀着这样的想法，解开启了一项为期一年的项目，他走访了12个不同省份的28个贫困县，沿途访问了100多所学校。他拍摄的“大眼睛女孩”苏明娟的照片体现了这一努力，触动了成千上万人的心弦，激发了无数中国人捐款支持这项事业。社会各界人士纷纷响应，他们的捐款帮助了解的照片中许多即将辍学的孩子继续留在学校。 返回导航 (1)have the freedom eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(of...　　有……的自由,to do... 有做……的自由)) $