精品解析：湖南株洲市炎陵县第一中学2025-2026学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

炎陵县第一中学2025-2026学年高二下学期期末考试（2026.7） 英 语 试 题 满分150分，考试时间120分钟 注意事项： 1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Updates on Streaming These days, if you don’t stream, it feels an awful lot as if you’re swimming against the stream. Streaming is more straightforward than ever. If you have a newer TV, all you have to do is select one of the built-in apps and sign up to start watching. Besides giving you more to watch, cutting the cable (有线电视) could save you money. Here’s the rundown on the major services and the big shows and movies they offer. Netflix The granddaddy of streaming built a dynasty on fantastic shows with established fan bases, like Friends and Grey’s Anatomy. Then Netflix went all in on award-winning and fan-favorite originals like House of Cards etc. Price: $6.99/month with ads; $15.49/month ad-free. Hulu Once little more than Netflix’s under-study, Hulu is coming for top name since 2019. As a giant, it now offers basic subscriptions including original Hulu shows like The Bear etc, as well as some popular films. Price: $7.99/month with ads; $17.99/month ad-free. Max Max’s predecessor (前身), HBO Go, was more a library to shelve past seasons of its hits such as Game of Thrones and The Sopranos. But now, it’s no longer HB-Only. Viewers can go through Discovery titles like House Hunters and feature films such as Dune, and Don’t Worry Darling. Price: $9.99/month with ads; $15.99/month ad-free. Apple TV+ Apple’s is the only major service with exclusively original programming and no ads. That means no old shows, only the new cutting-edge series and films produced by Apple Studios. Price: $9.99/month. 1. What can a viewer get from streaming? A. A free cable. B. Tips on swimming skills. C. Built-in apps. D. Easier access to hit movies. 2. Which of the following is possibly the earliest streaming provider? A. Netflix. B. Hulu. C. Max. D. Apple TV+. 3. How much should a user pay at least for a service without ads for two months? A. $13.98. B. $17.99. C. $19.98. D. $31.98. B Kelydra, named after the American turtle that lives in the Ohio River, Chelydra, has always had a deep affection for the river that flows past her hometown. It seemed natural to Kelydra to learn how the world worked by doing science experiments, with a father who is a chemist and am other a biologist. In kindergarten, she conducted her first experiment. At the age of six, Kelydra joined the Ohio River Cleanup campaign and came to realize how polluted the river was. In middle school, inspired by two famous environmental scientists, she set up her own lab behind her house, studying the effects of chemicals in the river on the breeding habits of mosquitoes. At 15, Kelydra found that a chemical called C8, also used in various products like clothing and food packaging, had been polluting her local river for 50 years and been detected in drinking water and in the bodies of people and animals. Determined to solve the issue, Kelydra began her experiment. She discovered that shaking water with high amounts of C8 created foam. The more C8, the more foam. The polluted water didn’t have enough C8 to make it foam, so Kelydra boiled her water sample to reduce the amount of water and increase the concentration of C8. Kelydra then shook the container and measured the height of the foam on the water surface. With this information, she could calculate the level of pollution of the original water sample. Then she developed a method to remove C8 from the water using a special cell and activated carbon, creating a system that people could use to treat their own household drinking water. Kely dra patented it, funding the $1,020.80 registration fee by recycling over 50,000 cans herself. The system is being used in her community, and she hopes someday it will be used more widely. After high school, Kelydrais studying chemistry in college, specifically focusing on the water system due to potential health concerns. “Technology helped create our problems, and technology can help solve them. I want to be part of that effort.” she said. 4. What can we learn about Kelydra from paragraph 2? A. She desired to be a scientist. B. She enjoyed being in the lab. C. She liked studying mosquitoes. D. She was environmentally conscious. 5. How did Kelydra decide C8 pollution in the water? A. By tasting the water. B. By making chemical analyses. C. By measuring the foam height. D. By watching color changes in the water. 6. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. The treatment system. B. The special cell. C. The foam measurement method. D. The water sample. 7. Which of the words can best describe Kelydra? A. Enthusiastic and considerate. B. Committed and creative. C. Determined and cautious. D. Persistent and imaginative. C By the 1930s, the haunting howls of wolves fell mostly silent across America’s West. Their loss to the region has been largely overlooked by humans, even in our scientific research, a new review finds, but the impact of their absence is written loudly in the missing trees. “Researchers generally agree that the loss of wolves and other large predators, followed by increased browsing by elk (驯鹿), was the main cause for the decline in woody plant communities,” says Oregon State University ecologist William Ripple and colleagues. They reviewed 96 ecological studies conducted between 1955 and 2021 in 11 national parks and discovered that only 39 considered the absence of the gray wolf. “Ignoring how an ecosystem has changed due to the absence of a large predator can have serious implications...like diagnosing a sick patient without a baseline health exam.” the researchers explain. The loss of an ecosystem’s apex (顶级的) predator causes domino effects through the food chain, known as trophic cascades. These cascades can be complex, and not every landscape will experience the same effects, even if the same species are present. Reintroducing lost species, like wolves in Yellowstone National Park, may not repair all broken connections once changes have taken place. Historical records across the 11 parks reveal declines in several tree species since wolves disappeared. The removal of wolves has disrupted the web of connections coming from their predation on deer and impacted ecosystem interactions around coyotes. Wolves can reduce coyote populations, thus mediating (调节) their predation on prey and smaller predators. Ecosystem restoration is more critical than ever as our destructive impacts on our living biosphere (生物圈) accelerate. To have any success, it is crucial that we better understand the interactions that govern these environments in their historical functioning state, the researchers urge. “We hope our study will be of use to both conservation organizations and government agencies in identifying ecosystem management goals,” says Ripple. 8. What can be inferred from paragraphs 2 and 3? A. Elk is to blame for the decrease of plants. B. Some studies failed to consider vital links. C. Researchers unified their ideas to confirm their ideas. D. Ecosystems stay stable without certain species. 9. Which of the following best describes the cascades? A. Well-balanced. B. Out-of-control. C. Context-dependent. D. Ever-lasting. 10. What will happen to the ecosystem if the apex predator is missing? A. Overpopulation of certain species. B. Invasion of foreign species. C. A higher diversity of plant life. D. Extinction of small predators. 11. Why does the author write the text? A. To advocate the reintroduction of wolves. B. To increase funding for ecosystem restoration. C. To diversify the ecological protection practice. D. To point out a long-ignored environmental issue. D The terms “front stage” and “backstage” refer to different behaviors that people engage in every day. Developed by Erving Goffman, the concepts form part of the drama viewpoint within sociology that uses the metaphor (比喻) of the theater to explain social interaction. The idea that people play different roles throughout their daily lives and display different kinds of behavior depending on where they are and the time of day is a familiar one. Most people, aware or unaware, behave somewhat differently as their professional selves vs. their private selves. According to Goffman, front-stage behavior reflects internalized norms and expectations for behavior shaped partly by the setting, the particular role one plays in it and one’s physical appearance. How people participate in a front-stage performance can be highly intentional and purposeful, or it can be habitual or unaware. Either way, front-stage behavior typically follows a routinized and learned social script (剧本) shaped by cultural norms. The routines of people’s daily lives — traveling to and from work, or going to a cultural performance — fall into the category of front-stage behavior. People also engage in front-stage behavior in less public places, such as among coworkers at work and as students in classrooms. When people are backstage, they are free of the expectations and norms. Given this, people are often more relaxed and comfortable; they let their guard down and behave in ways that reflect “true” selves. Yet sometimes they rehearse (排练) certain behaviors or interactions and otherwise prepare for upcoming front-stage performances. They might practice their smile or handshake, rehearse a presentation or conversation. So even backstage, people are aware of norms and expectations, which influence what they think about and do. For the most part, how one behaves front stage significantly differs from an individual’s backstage conduct. When someone ignores the expectations for front-stage and backstage behaviors, it may lead to confusion, embarrassment, and even disagreement. For good reason, the expectations linked to front-stage and backstage behavior influence most folks to work pretty hard to keep these two parts separate and distinct. 12. According to the text, what characterizes front-stage behavior? A. It follows certain social norms. B. It reflects a person’s true self. C. It is intentional and purposeful. D. It is free from others’ expectations. 13. In which situation do people engage mainly in front-stage behavior? A. Visit an art exhibition, B. Chat with workmates after work. C. Have dinner in restaurants. D. Stay with close friends. 14. What can be inferred about backstage behavior? A. It is completely unaffected by social norms. B. It hardly offers relaxed atmosphere for people. C. It is usually real self-expression in a relaxed state. D. It has to intentionally prepare for front-stage behavior. 15. Why is it advised to separate front-stage and backstage behavior? A. To maintain people’s privacy. B. To stick to cultural norms and expectations. C. To avoid possible confusion and awkwardness. D. To distinguish the public from the individual. 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 From the time of the cavemen, we have always sought certainty. This desire for certainty is so strong that it can go unnoticed. ____16____ We never know what will happen, and many things are unknowable. This can make us feel stressed or worried, since the unknown is associated with danger. Most of us think of being uncertain as a weakness or even a flaw. Actually there are many benefits to allowing ourselves to be unsure about what’s happening or what will happen. ____17____ If we were certain of everything, it would be pretty hard for us to live our daily lives. Uncertainty drives us to work, play, and explore. It inspires us to explore what we see, think, and feel. Great inventions have been discovered due to simply wondering. ____18____ Uncertainty keeps us present. Uncertainty allows us to settle in the unknown. We often feel that knowing will make us feel better; however, this is an assumption. ____19____ In the pursuit of certainty, we can often do something called disaster planning. Knowing that uncertainty exists, we can recognize that disaster planning doesn’t serve us. And when we find ourselves there we can compassionately bring ourselves back to enjoying the present moment. Uncertainty allows for grey. ____20____ We can often be troubled by thinking a situation or person has to be one thing or the other; this is called black and white thinking. Uncertainty allows for the grey to exist, that both can be true. Acknowledging there is uncertainty helps explain phenomena that would otherwise remain a mystery. So the next time you find yourself seeking certainty, take some time — even a second — to lean in. Be curious about what you’re experiencing. You might be surprised what you find! A. However, life is uncertain. B. Uncertainty allows us to uncover mistakes. C. Sometimes it does, and sometimes it doesn’t. D. Uncertainty motivates us and encourages curiosity. E. It also offers chances to connect question and answer. F. Put simply, life would be pretty boring without uncertainty! G. Uncertainty creates more possibilities for us in understanding. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 “I want to be a champion jockey (骑师),” Billy Loughnane says, with the smile that is already something of a trademark. He was being talked about as a future ____21____ well before he started to discuss the idea himself. “There are pictures of me a couple of months after I was born, ____22____ on a horse,” Loughnane says. “I ____23____ around race horses and it’s been my dream job since I was a baby. I’ve been ____24____ since I started racing.” Loughnane won several small awards less than a year after his first success in November 2022. In April 2024, he achieved his first ____25____ race win. Just two months later, he had another big victory at Royal Ascot — one of the most important events of horse racing. ____26____ a horse named Rashabar, whose chances of winning was ____27____, he calmly won the Coventry Stakes, a high-level race. That was the only time he ever rode that horse, and it was Rashabar’s only win in the recent ten races. Amid all the quickfire success and the unavoidable ____28____ that followed, Loughnane’s awareness and calmness have been ____29____ by a strikingly clear-eyed sense of how far he still has to travel. How has he managed to stay so ____30____? “Everyone asks me the question,” he says, “and I just focus on my rides.” In 2025, Loughnane has not simply been ____31____, but the busiest rider in Britain, with 771 rides. Every ride involves much more than the one or two minutes on the ____32____. “A lot goes in before the race,” he says, “looking at my horse’s ____33____ races and its run style, and making a plan on what to do with the trainer before the race. I’m riding seven days a week,” he says, “but I’m happy to be busy and I’d be ____34____ if I just sat at home with no ____35____ .” 21. A. agent B. boss C. champion D. runner 22. A. standing B. seated C. playing D. tied 23. A. played a part B. trained hard C. worked out D. grew up 24. A. lucky B. brave C. anxious D. famous 25. A. possible B. major C. local D. official 26. A. Feeding B. Owning C. Photographing D. Riding 27. A. decent B. reasonable C. slim D. known 28. A. attention B. performance C. demand D. criticism 29. A. replaced B. matched C. driven D. challenged 30. A. sharp-eyed B. relaxed C. grounded D. open-minded 31. A. busy B. optimistic C. reserved D. tired 32. A. roads B. tracks C. edges D. platforms 33. A. previous B. restricted C. difficult D. exciting 34. A. dreaming B. worrying C. forgiving D. escaping 35. A. company B. prospect C. rides D. hobbies 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese traditional culture, a vast and profound system, ____36____ (consist) of diverse elements such as calligraphy, painting, opera, and tea ceremonies. It is celebrated for its ____37____ (include) spirit, welcoming influences from various ethnic groups while maintaining its core identity. ____38____ challenges globalization causes, traditional values remain remarkably influential in shaping modern Chinese society. It is estimated ____39____ the origins of Chinese writing can date back to over 3,000 years to oracle bone inscriptions. Calligraphy, which ____40____ (flourish) particularly during the Tang Dynasty, is still widely practiced today; many people appreciate not only its aesthetic beauty but also its meditative qualities. In ____41____ (compare) with western oil painting, traditional Chinese ink painting emphasizes suggestion rather than detailed representation, often leaving empty spaces for imagination. Early exposure ____42____ these art forms is crucial for young generations to understand their heritage. Over the past century, despite periods of neglect, traditional culture ____43____ (experience) a remarkable revival. ____44____ (inspire) by ancient masters and contemporary artists alike, new generations are reinterpreting traditions in innovative ways. I find ____45____ a responsibility to share these cultural treasures with the world. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，下周你们班的英语课将开展课前分享活动，你将进行发言。请你以An old Story为题，写一篇英文发言稿。 内容要点： (1)简要介绍一个古老的故事(历史故事、文学故事或民间传说均可); (2)谈谈这个故事带给你的感悟或启示。 注意： (1)词数80词左右； (2)开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Good morning, everyone! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 The old, leather-bound journal was hidden at the back of the attic, beneath a stack of yellowed maps. For Emily, spending her summer at her grandfather’s remote countryside house was already an escape from the noise of the city, but finding the journal turned it into an adventure. Its pages were filled not with words, but with intricate drawings of strange plants, constellations she didn’t recognize, and a detailed map of the surrounding woods with one spot marked by a large, faded “X”. On the inside cover, in her grandfather’s now-familiar handwriting, was a single sentence: “What is lost is not forgotten; it merely waits for the right seeker.” Driven by a mix of curiosity and a desire to feel closer to the grandfather she missed dearly, Emily decided to follow the map. The path was overgrown, not traveled for years. As she ventured deeper, the sunlight filtering through the canopy grew dimmer, and the sounds of the familiar world faded. She checked the journal’s drawings against the actual plants, finding matches that seemed too fantastical to be real — flowers with shimmering petals, vines that coiled in perfect geometric patterns. After hours of walking, just as doubt began to creep in, she found it: the clearing marked by the “X”. In its center stood an ancient, gnarled tree unlike any other. Its bark seemed to gleam with a faint silvery light. At its base, exactly as depicted in the journal, was a small, hollow niche. Her heart pounding, Emily reached inside. Her fingers didn’t find treasure in the form of gold or jewels, but something else entirely. 注意： 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 请按如下格式作答。 Paragraph 1: Emily pulled out a small, smooth object wrapped in what felt like oilcloth. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: As she sat under the strange tree, studying her grandfather’s final gift, the meaning of his words began to dawn on her. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 炎陵县第一中学2025-2026学年高二下学期期末考试（2026.7） 英 语 试 题 满分150分，考试时间120分钟 注意事项： 1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Updates on Streaming These days, if you don’t stream, it feels an awful lot as if you’re swimming against the stream. Streaming is more straightforward than ever. If you have a newer TV, all you have to do is select one of the built-in apps and sign up to start watching. Besides giving you more to watch, cutting the cable (有线电视) could save you money. Here’s the rundown on the major services and the big shows and movies they offer. Netflix The granddaddy of streaming built a dynasty on fantastic shows with established fan bases, like Friends and Grey’s Anatomy. Then Netflix went all in on award-winning and fan-favorite originals like House of Cards etc. Price: $6.99/month with ads; $15.49/month ad-free. Hulu Once little more than Netflix’s under-study, Hulu is coming for top name since 2019. As a giant, it now offers basic subscriptions including original Hulu shows like The Bear etc, as well as some popular films. Price: $7.99/month with ads; $17.99/month ad-free. Max Max’s predecessor (前身), HBO Go, was more a library to shelve past seasons of its hits such as Game of Thrones and The Sopranos. But now, it’s no longer HB-Only. Viewers can go through Discovery titles like House Hunters and feature films such as Dune, and Don’t Worry Darling. Price: $9.99/month with ads; $15.99/month ad-free. Apple TV+ Apple’s is the only major service with exclusively original programming and no ads. That means no old shows, only the new cutting-edge series and films produced by Apple Studios. Price: $9.99/month. 1. What can a viewer get from streaming? A. A free cable. B. Tips on swimming skills. C. Built-in apps. D. Easier access to hit movies. 2. Which of the following is possibly the earliest streaming provider? A. Netflix. B. Hulu. C. Max. D. Apple TV+. 3. How much should a user pay at least for a service without ads for two months? A. $13.98. B. $17.99. C. $19.98. D. $31.98. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了当前流媒体服务的情况，包括Netflix、Hulu、Max和Apple TV+等主要流媒体平台的特点、提供的节目和电影以及价格信息，从而帮助读者了解并选择适合自己的流媒体服务。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Streaming is more straightforward than ever. If you have a newer TV, all you have to do is select one of the built-in apps and sign up to start watching. Besides giving you more to watch, cutting the cable (有线电视) could save you money. Here’s the rundown on the major services and the big shows and movies they offer.(流媒体的使用比以往任何时候都更简单直接。如果你有一台较新的电视，你所要做的就是选择其中一个内置应用程序，然后注册就可以开始观看了。除了能让你看到更多内容之外，取消有线电视订阅还能为你省钱。以下是主要流媒体服务及其提供的热门剧集和电影的详细介绍。)”可知，通过流媒体，观众可以更方便地看到热门的节目和电影。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Netflix”中的“The granddaddy of streaming built a dynasty on fantastic shows with established fan bases, like Friends and Grey’s Anatomy.(作为流媒体领域的鼻祖，网飞凭借拥有固定粉丝群体的精彩剧集建立起了自己的王朝，比如《老友记》和《实习医生格蕾》。)”中的“granddaddy”可知，Netflix是最早的流媒体提供商。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Netflix”中的“Price: $6.99/month with ads; $15.49/month ad-free.(价格：含广告套餐每月6.99美元；无广告套餐每月15.49美元。)”、“Hulu”中的“Price: $7.99/month with ads; $17.99/month ad-free.(价格：含广告套餐每月7.99美元；无广告套餐每月17.99美元。)”、“Max”中的“Price: $9.99/month with ads; $15.99/month ad-free.(价格：含广告套餐每月9.99美元；无广告套餐每月15.99美元。)”和“Apple TV+”中的“Apple’s is the only major service with exclusively original programming and no ads.(Apple TV+是唯一一家只有原创节目、没有广告的主要服务平台)”“Price: $9.99/month(价格：每月9.99美元)”可知，这几个平台无广告套餐价格中，价格最低的是Apple TV +的无广告套餐每月9.99美元。如果用户选择Apple TV +无广告套餐，使用两个月所需支付的费用为：9.99*2=19.98美元。故选C。 B Kelydra, named after the American turtle that lives in the Ohio River, Chelydra, has always had a deep affection for the river that flows past her hometown. It seemed natural to Kelydra to learn how the world worked by doing science experiments, with a father who is a chemist and am other a biologist. In kindergarten, she conducted her first experiment. At the age of six, Kelydra joined the Ohio River Cleanup campaign and came to realize how polluted the river was. In middle school, inspired by two famous environmental scientists, she set up her own lab behind her house, studying the effects of chemicals in the river on the breeding habits of mosquitoes. At 15, Kelydra found that a chemical called C8, also used in various products like clothing and food packaging, had been polluting her local river for 50 years and been detected in drinking water and in the bodies of people and animals. Determined to solve the issue, Kelydra began her experiment. She discovered that shaking water with high amounts of C8 created foam. The more C8, the more foam. The polluted water didn’t have enough C8 to make it foam, so Kelydra boiled her water sample to reduce the amount of water and increase the concentration of C8. Kelydra then shook the container and measured the height of the foam on the water surface. With this information, she could calculate the level of pollution of the original water sample. Then she developed a method to remove C8 from the water using a special cell and activated carbon, creating a system that people could use to treat their own household drinking water. Kely dra patented it, funding the $1,020.80 registration fee by recycling over 50,000 cans herself. The system is being used in her community, and she hopes someday it will be used more widely. After high school, Kelydrais studying chemistry in college, specifically focusing on the water system due to potential health concerns. “Technology helped create our problems, and technology can help solve them. I want to be part of that effort.” she said. 4. What can we learn about Kelydra from paragraph 2? A. She desired to be a scientist. B. She enjoyed being in the lab. C. She liked studying mosquitoes. D. She was environmentally conscious. 5. How did Kelydra decide C8 pollution in the water? A. By tasting the water. B. By making chemical analyses. C. By measuring the foam height. D. By watching color changes in the water. 6. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. The treatment system. B. The special cell. C. The foam measurement method. D. The water sample. 7. Which of the words can best describe Kelydra? A. Enthusiastic and considerate. B. Committed and creative. C. Determined and cautious. D. Persistent and imaginative. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯丽德拉（Kelydra）开发了一种使用特殊电池和活性炭去除水中C8的方法，并成功申请专利，用于家庭饮用水的净化。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“At the age of six, Kelydra joined the Ohio River Cleanup campaign and came to realize how polluted the river was.(六岁时，凯丽德拉加入了俄亥俄河清理运动，并意识到这条河流污染得有多严重。)”可推知，她是一个环保意识很强的人。故选D。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“She discovered that shaking water with high amounts of C8 created foam. The more C8, the more foam. The polluted water didn’t have enough C8 to make it foam, so Kelydra boiled her water sample to reduce the amount of water and increase the concentration of C8. Kelydra then shook the container and measured the height of the foam on the water surface. With this information, she could calculate the level of pollution of the original water sample.(她发现，用力摇晃含有大量C8的水会产生泡沫。C8越多，泡沫就越多。然而，被污染的水中C8的含量不足以产生泡沫，因此凯丽德拉将她的水样煮沸，以减少水的量并增加C8的浓度。然后，她摇晃容器并测量水面上泡沫的高度。根据这些信息，她可以计算出原始水样的污染程度。)”可知，Kelydra通过摇晃含有高浓度C8的水来产生泡沫，并通过测量泡沫的高度来计算原始水样中的污染程度。因此，她是通过测量泡沫的高度来确定水样中C8的污染程度的。故选C。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“The system is being used in her community, and she hopes someday it will be used more widely.(这个系统正在她所在的社区使用，她希望有一天它能得到更广泛的应用。)”可知，it指代上文中的单数名词“the system”。故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“At the age of six, Kelydra joined the Ohio River Cleanup campaign and came to realize how polluted the river was. In middle school, inspired by two famous environmental scientists, she setup her own lab behind her house, studying the effects of chemicals in the river on the breeding habits of mosquitoes.( 六岁时，凯丽德拉加入了俄亥俄河清理运动，并意识到这条河流污染得有多严重。在中学时期，她受到两位著名环境科学家的启发，在自家后院设立了自己的实验室，研究河流中的化学物质对蚊子繁殖习性的影响。)”和文章第五段“Then she developed a method to remove C8 from the water using a special cell and activated carbon, creating a system that people could use to treat their own household drinking water. Kelydra patented it, funding the $1, 020.80 registration fee by recycling over 50,000 cans herself.(然后，她开发了一种使用特殊电池和活性炭从水中去除C8的方法，创造了一个人们可以用来处理自己家庭饮用水的系统。凯丽德拉为其申请了专利，并通过自己回收超过50,000个罐子来支付1,020.80美元的注册费。)”可知，Kelydra对于解决家乡河流污染的问题非常投入（committed），并且她创新性地开发了一种去除水中C8的方法（creative）。她不仅进行了实验，还开发了一个系统来净化家庭饮用水，并获得了专利。因此，最能描述Kelydra的词语是“committed and creative”（投入和有创造力的）。故选B。 C By the 1930s, the haunting howls of wolves fell mostly silent across America’s West. Their loss to the region has been largely overlooked by humans, even in our scientific research, a new review finds, but the impact of their absence is written loudly in the missing trees. “Researchers generally agree that the loss of wolves and other large predators, followed by increased browsing by elk (驯鹿), was the main cause for the decline in woody plant communities,” says Oregon State University ecologist William Ripple and colleagues. They reviewed 96 ecological studies conducted between 1955 and 2021 in 11 national parks and discovered that only 39 considered the absence of the gray wolf. “Ignoring how an ecosystem has changed due to the absence of a large predator can have serious implications...like diagnosing a sick patient without a baseline health exam.” the researchers explain. The loss of an ecosystem’s apex (顶级的) predator causes domino effects through the food chain, known as trophic cascades. These cascades can be complex, and not every landscape will experience the same effects, even if the same species are present. Reintroducing lost species, like wolves in Yellowstone National Park, may not repair all broken connections once changes have taken place. Historical records across the 11 parks reveal declines in several tree species since wolves disappeared. The removal of wolves has disrupted the web of connections coming from their predation on deer and impacted ecosystem interactions around coyotes. Wolves can reduce coyote populations, thus mediating (调节) their predation on prey and smaller predators. Ecosystem restoration is more critical than ever as our destructive impacts on our living biosphere (生物圈) accelerate. To have any success, it is crucial that we better understand the interactions that govern these environments in their historical functioning state, the researchers urge. “We hope our study will be of use to both conservation organizations and government agencies in identifying ecosystem management goals,” says Ripple. 8. What can be inferred from paragraphs 2 and 3? A. Elk is to blame for the decrease of plants. B. Some studies failed to consider vital links. C. Researchers unified their ideas to confirm their ideas. D. Ecosystems stay stable without certain species. 9. Which of the following best describes the cascades? A. Well-balanced. B. Out-of-control. C. Context-dependent. D. Ever-lasting. 10. What will happen to the ecosystem if the apex predator is missing? A. Overpopulation of certain species. B. Invasion of foreign species. C. A higher diversity of plant life. D. Extinction of small predators. 11. Why does the author write the text? A. To advocate the reintroduction of wolves. B. To increase funding for ecosystem restoration. C. To diversify the ecological protection practice. D. To point out a long-ignored environmental issue. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了美国西部狼群消失对生态系统造成的深远影响，指出大型捕食者的缺失引发了连锁反应，导致木本植物群落减少等生态问题，并呼吁在生态修复中重视历史生态相互作用。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Researchers generally agree that the loss of wolves and other large predators, followed by increased browsing by elk, was the main cause for the decline in woody plant communities(研究人员普遍认为狼和其他大型捕食者的消失，以及随之而来的驯鹿啃食增加，是木本植物群落衰退的主要原因)”可知，研究人员普遍认为狼等顶级捕食者的消失导致驯鹿过度啃食，进而造成木本植物减少；第三段提到“They reviewed 96 ecological studies conducted between 1955 and 2021 in 11 national parks and discovered that only 39 considered the absence of the gray wolf. “Ignoring how an ecosystem has changed due to the absence of a large predator can have serious implications...like diagnosing a sick patient without a baseline health exam.”(他们审查了1955年至2021年间在11个国家公园进行的96项生态研究，发现其中只有39项考虑到了灰狼的缺失。研究人员解释道：“忽视由于顶级捕食者的缺席而导致生态系统发生的变化可能会带来严重后果……这就好比在没有基础健康检查的情况下诊断一个病人。”)”可知，在96项研究中仅有39项考虑了灰狼缺失的影响，忽视大型捕食者缺失导致的生态系统变化可能产生严重后果。由此可以推知许多研究忽略了狼群缺失这一关键生态联系。故选B项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“These cascades can be complex, and not every landscape will experience the same effects, even if the same species are present(这些级联效应可能很复杂，即使存在相同的物种，并非每个景观都会经历相同的影响)”可知，营养级联效应十分复杂，其具体表现因环境而异，可推理出其效应具有情境依赖性。故选C项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“The removal of wolves has disrupted the web of connections coming from their predation on deer and impacted ecosystem interactions around coyotes. Wolves can reduce coyote populations, thus mediating (调停) their predation on prey and smaller predators (狼的消失破坏了它们通过捕食鹿所形成的生态联系网，并影响了与郊狼相关的生态系统互动。狼能够减少郊狼的数量，从而调节它们对猎物及小型掠食者的捕食行为)”可知，狼的消失打破了其捕食鹿所形成的生态关联，也影响了与郊狼相关的生态互动，而狼原本可以控制郊狼数量。由此可知，顶级捕食者（如狼）缺失会导致其猎物或相关物种（如鹿、郊狼）数量失控，出现特定物种过度繁殖的情况，故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“By the 1930s, the haunting howls of wolves fell mostly silent across America’s West. Their loss to the region has been largely overlooked by humans, even in our scientific research, a new review finds, but the impact of their absence is written loudly in the missing trees(到20世纪30年代，狼的可怕嚎叫在美国西部大部分地区都消失了。一项新的研究发现，人类在很大程度上忽视了狼等生物在该地区的消失，即使在我们的科学研究中也是如此，但它们缺失的影响在缺失的树木中表现得十分明显)”以及最后一段“Ecosystem restoration is more critical than ever as our destructive impacts on our living biosphere (生物圈) accelerate. To have any success, it is crucial that we better understand the interactions that govern these environments in their historical functioning state, the researchers urge(随着我们对生物圈的破坏性影响加速，生态系统恢复比以往任何时候都更加关键。研究人员敦促说，为了取得任何成功，我们必须更好地了解这些环境在其历史功能状态下所支配的相互作用)”可知，文章主要讲述了狼等大型食肉动物消失对生态系统的影响，这种影响长期以来被人类忽视，可推理出作者写这篇文章是为了指出一个长期被忽视的环境问题。故选D项。 D The terms “front stage” and “backstage” refer to different behaviors that people engage in every day. Developed by Erving Goffman, the concepts form part of the drama viewpoint within sociology that uses the metaphor (比喻) of the theater to explain social interaction. The idea that people play different roles throughout their daily lives and display different kinds of behavior depending on where they are and the time of day is a familiar one. Most people, aware or unaware, behave somewhat differently as their professional selves vs. their private selves. According to Goffman, front-stage behavior reflects internalized norms and expectations for behavior shaped partly by the setting, the particular role one plays in it and one’s physical appearance. How people participate in a front-stage performance can be highly intentional and purposeful, or it can be habitual or unaware. Either way, front-stage behavior typically follows a routinized and learned social script (剧本) shaped by cultural norms. The routines of people’s daily lives — traveling to and from work, or going to a cultural performance — fall into the category of front-stage behavior. People also engage in front-stage behavior in less public places, such as among coworkers at work and as students in classrooms. When people are backstage, they are free of the expectations and norms. Given this, people are often more relaxed and comfortable; they let their guard down and behave in ways that reflect “true” selves. Yet sometimes they rehearse (排练) certain behaviors or interactions and otherwise prepare for upcoming front-stage performances. They might practice their smile or handshake, rehearse a presentation or conversation. So even backstage, people are aware of norms and expectations, which influence what they think about and do. For the most part, how one behaves front stage significantly differs from an individual’s backstage conduct. When someone ignores the expectations for front-stage and backstage behaviors, it may lead to confusion, embarrassment, and even disagreement. For good reason, the expectations linked to front-stage and backstage behavior influence most folks to work pretty hard to keep these two parts separate and distinct. 12. According to the text, what characterizes front-stage behavior? A. It follows certain social norms. B. It reflects a person’s true self. C. It is intentional and purposeful. D. It is free from others’ expectations. 13. In which situation do people engage mainly in front-stage behavior? A. Visit an art exhibition, B. Chat with workmates after work. C. Have dinner in restaurants. D. Stay with close friends. 14. What can be inferred about backstage behavior? A. It is completely unaffected by social norms. B. It hardly offers relaxed atmosphere for people. C. It is usually real self-expression in a relaxed state. D. It has to intentionally prepare for front-stage behavior. 15. Why is it advised to separate front-stage and backstage behavior? A. To maintain people’s privacy. B. To stick to cultural norms and expectations. C. To avoid possible confusion and awkwardness. D. To distinguish the public from the individual. 【答案】12. A 13. A 14. C 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了社会学中“前台”和“后台”行为的概念、特点，以及区分二者的原因。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“According to Goffman, front-stage behavior reflects internalized norms and expectations for behavior shaped partly by the setting, the particular role one plays in it and one’s physical appearance. Either way, front-stage behavior typically follows a routinized and learned social script (剧本) shaped by cultural norms. (根据戈夫曼的说法，前台行为反映了内化的行为规范和期望，这在一定程度上是由环境、一个人在其中扮演的特定角色以及一个人的外表所塑造的。无论哪种方式，前台行为通常都遵循由文化规范所塑造的常规化且习得的社会“剧本”)”可知，前台行为的特点是它遵循某些社会规范。故选A项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The routines of people’s daily lives — traveling to and from work, or going to a cultural performance — fall into the category of front-stage behavior. People also engage in front-stage behavior in less public places, such as among coworkers at work and as students in classrooms. (人们日常生活中的常规活动——上下班通勤，或者去看一场文化演出——都属于前台行为的范畴。人们在不太公开的场所也会表现出前台行为，比如在工作场合与同事相处时，以及在教室里作为学生时)”可知，参观艺术展览属于去看文化演出，是前台行为。故选A项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“When people are backstage, they are free of the expectations and norms. Given this, people are often more relaxed and comfortable; they let their guard down and behave in ways that reflect “true” selves. (当人们在后台时，他们不受期望和规范的约束。鉴于此，人们往往更加放松和舒适；他们放下戒备，以反映“真实”自我的方式行事)”可知，后台行为通常是在放松状态下的真实自我表达。故选C项。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“When someone ignores the expectations for front-stage and backstage behaviors, it may lead to confusion, embarrassment, and even disagreement. For good reason, the expectations linked to front-stage and backstage behavior influence most folks to work pretty hard to keep these two parts separate and distinct. (当有人忽视了前台和后台行为的期望时，这可能会导致困惑、尴尬，甚至是分歧。出于充分的理由，与前台和后台行为相关的期望促使大多数人努力将这两部分区分开来并保持清晰)”可知，建议区分前台和后台行为是为了避免可能的困惑和尴尬。故选C项。 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 From the time of the cavemen, we have always sought certainty. This desire for certainty is so strong that it can go unnoticed. ____16____ We never know what will happen, and many things are unknowable. This can make us feel stressed or worried, since the unknown is associated with danger. Most of us think of being uncertain as a weakness or even a flaw. Actually there are many benefits to allowing ourselves to be unsure about what’s happening or what will happen. ____17____ If we were certain of everything, it would be pretty hard for us to live our daily lives. Uncertainty drives us to work, play, and explore. It inspires us to explore what we see, think, and feel. Great inventions have been discovered due to simply wondering. ____18____ Uncertainty keeps us present. Uncertainty allows us to settle in the unknown. We often feel that knowing will make us feel better; however, this is an assumption. ____19____ In the pursuit of certainty, we can often do something called disaster planning. Knowing that uncertainty exists, we can recognize that disaster planning doesn’t serve us. And when we find ourselves there we can compassionately bring ourselves back to enjoying the present moment. Uncertainty allows for grey. ____20____ We can often be troubled by thinking a situation or person has to be one thing or the other; this is called black and white thinking. Uncertainty allows for the grey to exist, that both can be true. Acknowledging there is uncertainty helps explain phenomena that would otherwise remain a mystery. So the next time you find yourself seeking certainty, take some time — even a second — to lean in. Be curious about what you’re experiencing. You might be surprised what you find! A. However, life is uncertain. B. Uncertainty allows us to uncover mistakes. C. Sometimes it does, and sometimes it doesn’t. D. Uncertainty motivates us and encourages curiosity. E. It also offers chances to connect question and answer. F. Put simply, life would be pretty boring without uncertainty! G. Uncertainty creates more possibilities for us in understanding. 【答案】16. A 17. D 18. F 19. C 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文主要论述了人类对确定性的追求以及不确定性带来的好处，如推动我们行动、让我们活在当下、允许存在灰色地带等，呼吁人们在追求确定性时也要接纳不确定性。 【16题详解】 根据上文“This desire for certainty is so strong that it can go unnoticed.(这种对确定性的渴望是如此强烈，以至于它可能不会被注意到。)”以及下文“We never know what will happen, and many things are unknowable.(我们永远不知道会发生什么，很多事情都是未知的。)”可知，上文说人类对确定性渴望强烈，下文说我们不知道会发生什么，很多事不可知，即生活是不确定的。A选项(然而，生活是不确定的。)承接上文对确定性的渴望，引出下文生活的不确定性，符合语境。 【17题详解】 根据下文“If we were certain of everything, it would be pretty hard for us to live our daily lives. Uncertainty drives us to work, play, and explore. It inspires us to explore what we see, think, and feel. Great inventions have been discovered due to simply wondering.(如果我们对一切都确定无疑，那么我们很难过上日常生活。不确定性驱使我们工作、玩耍和探索。它激励我们去探索我们所看到、思考和感受到的东西。伟大的发明仅仅是因为好奇而被发现。)”可知，本段主要论述了不确定性对我们的积极作用，能推动我们行动，激发好奇心。D选项(不确定性激励我们并激发好奇心。)精准概括了本段主旨，其中“motivates us”对应下文“drives us to work, play, and explore”，“encourages curiosity”对应下文“inspires us to explore”和“wondering”，适合作为段首主旨句。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Uncertainty drives us to work, play, and explore. It inspires us to explore what we see, think, and feel. Great inventions have been discovered due to simply wondering.(不确定性驱使我们工作、娱乐和探索。它激励我们探索所见、所思、所感。许多伟大发明正是源于单纯的疑问。)”可知，前文提到不确定性启发人们探索所见、所思、所感，伟大的发明都源于好奇思索。F选项（简单来说，没有不确定性，生活会十分无趣！）承接上文，呼应前文“不确定性促使人们探索、催生发明”的内容，进一步强化不确定性对生活的重要意义，衔接自然且贴合段落语境。 【19题详解】 根据上文“We often feel that knowing will make us feel better; however, this is an assumption.(我们常常觉得知道会让我们感觉更好；然而，这只是一种假设。)”可知，作者指出“知晓会让人安心”这一想法并非总是真理。C选项（有时确实如此，有时并非如此。）承接上文，对“知晓会让人安心”的想法作出客观回应，衔接下文过度追求确定性的弊端。 【20题详解】 根据下文“We can often be troubled by thinking a situation or person has to be one thing or the other; this is called black and white thinking. Uncertainty allows for the grey to exist, that both can be true. Acknowledging there is uncertainty helps explain phenomena that would otherwise remain a mystery.(我们常常会因为认为一种情况或一个人非此即彼而烦恼；这被称为非黑即白的思维。不确定性允许灰色地带的存在，即两者都可以是真的。承认存在不确定性有助于解释那些否则将仍然是个谜的现象。)”可知，本段主要论述了不确定性允许灰色地带存在，能让我们在理解事物时有更多可能性。G选项(不确定性为我们的理解创造了更多可能性。)直接点明了不确定性的核心价值——拓宽认知的可能性，这与“允许灰色地带（承认多重可能性）”的内涵高度一致，适合作为段落开头的阐述句。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 “I want to be a champion jockey (骑师),” Billy Loughnane says, with the smile that is already something of a trademark. He was being talked about as a future ____21____ well before he started to discuss the idea himself. “There are pictures of me a couple of months after I was born, ____22____ on a horse,” Loughnane says. “I ____23____ around race horses and it’s been my dream job since I was a baby. I’ve been ____24____ since I started racing.” Loughnane won several small awards less than a year after his first success in November 2022. In April 2024, he achieved his first ____25____ race win. Just two months later, he had another big victory at Royal Ascot — one of the most important events of horse racing. ____26____ a horse named Rashabar, whose chances of winning was ____27____, he calmly won the Coventry Stakes, a high-level race. That was the only time he ever rode that horse, and it was Rashabar’s only win in the recent ten races. Amid all the quickfire success and the unavoidable ____28____ that followed, Loughnane’s awareness and calmness have been ____29____ by a strikingly clear-eyed sense of how far he still has to travel. How has he managed to stay so ____30____? “Everyone asks me the question,” he says, “and I just focus on my rides.” In 2025, Loughnane has not simply been ____31____, but the busiest rider in Britain, with 771 rides. Every ride involves much more than the one or two minutes on the ____32____. “A lot goes in before the race,” he says, “looking at my horse’s ____33____ races and its run style, and making a plan on what to do with the trainer before the race. I’m riding seven days a week,” he says, “but I’m happy to be busy and I’d be ____34____ if I just sat at home with no ____35____ .” 21. A. agent B. boss C. champion D. runner 22. A. standing B. seated C. playing D. tied 23. A. played a part B. trained hard C. worked out D. grew up 24. A. lucky B. brave C. anxious D. famous 25. A. possible B. major C. local D. official 26. A. Feeding B. Owning C. Photographing D. Riding 27. A. decent B. reasonable C. slim D. known 28. A. attention B. performance C. demand D. criticism 29. A. replaced B. matched C. driven D. challenged 30. A. sharp-eyed B. relaxed C. grounded D. open-minded 31. A. busy B. optimistic C. reserved D. tired 32. A. roads B. tracks C. edges D. platforms 33. A. previous B. restricted C. difficult D. exciting 34. A. dreaming B. worrying C. forgiving D. escaping 35. A. company B. prospect C. rides D. hobbies 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。短文讲述了天才骑师比利·劳恩（Billy Loughnane）的成长与职业经历。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：早在他自己开始谈论这个想法之前，人们就认为他会成为未来的冠军。A. agent经纪人；B. boss老板；C. champion冠军；D. runner跑步者。前文Billy明确表示“I want to be a champion jockey”，此处“future champion”与“champion jockey”直接呼应，符合“人们对他未来的期待”，故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：劳恩说：“我出生几个月后的照片里，就坐在马背上了。”A. standing站立；B. seated坐着；C. playing玩耍；D. tied系住。根据前文“a couple of months after I was born”，可知，“seated on a horse”（坐在马背上）符合婴儿的状态，且体现“从小与马接触”的背景，故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我在赛马身边长大，从婴儿时期起，骑师就是我梦寐以求的工作。”A. played a part参与；B. trained hard刻苦训练；C. worked out锻炼；D. grew up成长。根据前文“There are pictures of me a couple of months after I was born,...on a horse,” Loughnane says”，可知，Billy在赛马身边长大，承接前文，解释“梦想成为骑师”的根源。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“自从开始参赛，我就一直很幸运。”2022年11月首次夺冠后不到一年，劳恩就赢得了多个小型奖项。A. lucky幸运的；B. brave勇敢的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. famous著名的。根据后文“Loughnane won several small awards less than a year after his first success in November 2022.”可知，这是“幸运”的体现。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2024年4月，他赢得了职业生涯中的首个大型赛事冠军。A. possible可能的；B. major重大的；C. local当地的；D. official官方的。根据后文“another big victory at Royal Ascot”可知，“big victory”与“major race win”语义一致，“major”（重大的）体现赛事级别高，符合“职业生涯重要突破”的语境，故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他骑着一匹名叫拉沙巴尔（Rashabar）的马——这匹马获胜的概率很小——冷静地赢得了高级别赛事考文垂锦标赛。A. Feeding喂养；B. Owning拥有；C. Photographing拍摄；D. Riding骑乘。根据后文“a horse named Rashabar”可知，作为骑师，核心动作是“骑马参赛”。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他骑着一匹名叫拉沙巴尔（Rashabar）的马——这匹马获胜的概率很小——冷静地赢得了高级别赛事考文垂锦标赛。A. decent不错的；B. reasonable合理的；C. slim微小的；D. known知名的。根据后文“That was the only time he ever rode that horse, and it was Rashabar’s only win in the recent ten races.”可知，这是他唯一一次骑这匹马，也是这匹马近十场比赛中唯一的胜利，说明这匹马原本“获胜概率低”，“slim”（微小的）符合“冷门赛马爆冷夺冠”的语境，故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一连串快速的成功和随之而来的不可避免的关注中，劳恩的清醒和冷静，与他对自己仍有很长的路要走的敏锐认知相匹配。A. attention关注；B. performance表现；C. demand要求；D. criticism批评。根据前文“Amid all the quickfire success”可知，“快速成功”后通常会获得外界“关注”。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一连串快速的成功和随之而来的不可避免的关注中，劳恩的清醒和冷静，与他对自己仍有很长的路要走的敏锐认知相匹配。A. replaced取代；B. matched匹配，相符；C. driven驱使；D. challenged挑战。“清醒冷静”与“认知到自身不足”是相辅相成的品质，“matched”（匹配）体现两者“相互呼应、共同存在”的关系，符合“优秀心态的一致性”，故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他是如何保持如此脚踏实地的？A. sharp-eyed敏锐的；B. relaxed放松的；C. grounded脚踏实地的；D. open-minded开明的。根据前文“Loughnane’s awareness and calmness have been...by a strikingly clear-eyed sense of how far he still has to travel.”可知，提到“清醒冷静”“认知到仍有长路要走”，这些都是“脚踏实地”的体现，“grounded”（不浮躁、务实）符合“不被成功冲昏头脑”的状态，故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2025年，劳恩不仅忙碌，更是英国最忙的骑师，参赛771次。A. busy忙碌的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. reserved内敛的；D. tired疲惫的。根据后文“the busiest rider”和“771 rides”直接呼应“busy”。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次参赛远不止赛道上的那一两分钟。A. roads道路；B. tracks赛道；C. edges边缘；D. platforms平台。根据常识可知，赛马比赛的场地是“赛道”，“on the tracks”（在赛道上）是固定搭配，描述比赛中的实际场景，符合“骑师参赛的核心场地”，故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“赛前要做很多准备，”他说，“研究我的马之前的比赛和奔跑风格，并在赛前和驯马师一起制定计划。”A. previous之前的；B. restricted受限的；C. difficult困难的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。根据后文“making a plan on what to do with the trainer before the race.”可知，赛前研究需参考“过往比赛数据”，“previous races”（之前的比赛）符合“基于历史表现制定策略”的逻辑，故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我一周七天都在骑马，”他说，“但我很乐意忙碌，如果只是坐在家里没有参赛机会，我会很焦虑。”A. dreaming梦想；B. worrying焦虑；C. forgiving原谅；D. escaping逃避。根据前文“but I’m happy to be busy”可知，前文提到“乐意忙碌”，“but”表转折，说明“不忙碌时会焦虑”，“worrying”（焦虑的）符合“热爱工作、无法忍受空闲”的职业态度，故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我一周七天都在骑马，”他说，“但我很乐意忙碌，如果只是坐在家里没有参赛机会，我会很焦虑。”A. company陪伴；B. prospect前景；C. rides参赛机会（代指比赛）；D. hobbies爱好。前文多次提到“rides”（参赛），此处“no rides”（没有参赛机会）与“busy with rides”（忙于参赛）形成对比，符合“以参赛为核心的职业生活”，故选C项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese traditional culture, a vast and profound system, ____36____ (consist) of diverse elements such as calligraphy, painting, opera, and tea ceremonies. It is celebrated for its ____37____ (include) spirit, welcoming influences from various ethnic groups while maintaining its core identity. ____38____ challenges globalization causes, traditional values remain remarkably influential in shaping modern Chinese society. It is estimated ____39____ the origins of Chinese writing can date back to over 3,000 years to oracle bone inscriptions. Calligraphy, which ____40____ (flourish) particularly during the Tang Dynasty, is still widely practiced today; many people appreciate not only its aesthetic beauty but also its meditative qualities. In ____41____ (compare) with western oil painting, traditional Chinese ink painting emphasizes suggestion rather than detailed representation, often leaving empty spaces for imagination. Early exposure ____42____ these art forms is crucial for young generations to understand their heritage. Over the past century, despite periods of neglect, traditional culture ____43____ (experience) a remarkable revival. ____44____ (inspire) by ancient masters and contemporary artists alike, new generations are reinterpreting traditions in innovative ways. I find ____45____ a responsibility to share these cultural treasures with the world. 【答案】36. consists 37. inclusive 38. Whatever 39. that 40. flourished 41. comparison 42. to 43. has experienced 44. Inspired 45. it 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了中国传统文化的特点、艺术形式及其现代复兴。 【36题详解】 考查时态。句意：中国传统文化是一个博大精深的体系，包括书法、绘画、戏曲、茶道等多种元素。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Chinese traditional culture是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式consists。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它以包容精神著称，吸纳各族文化同时坚守自身内核。本空修饰名词spirit，用形容词inclusive“包容的”，作定语。 【38题详解】 考查让步状语从句连词。句意：无论全球化带来何种挑战，传统价值观依旧深刻影响当代中国社会。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”，用whatever，句首单词，首字母大写。 【39题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：据估算，中国文字起源可追溯至三千多年前的甲骨文。固定句型it is estimated that...，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。 【40题详解】 考查时态。句意：在唐代尤为盛行的书法如今依旧盛行。根据时间状语during the Tang Dynasty可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词flourish“繁荣，昌盛”用过去式flourished。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：与西方油画相比，中国传统水墨画强调暗示而非细节表现，常常留出空白供人想象。本空作宾语，用名词comparison，构成短语in comparison with“与……相比”。 【42题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：让年轻一代尽早接触这些艺术形式对于他们了解自己的文化遗产至关重要。固定搭配exposure to“接触，显露”，本空用介词to。 【43题详解】 考查时态。句意：在过去的一个世纪里，尽管有一段时间被忽视，但传统文化经历了显著的复兴。根据时间状语Over the past century可知，此处描述从过去持续到现在的情况，用现在完成时，主语traditional culture是单数，谓语用has experienced。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：受到古代大师和当代艺术家的启发，新一代正在以创新的方式重新诠释传统。本句已有谓语are reinterpreting，空处需填非谓语动词，作状语，new generations和inspire为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。 【45题详解】 考查it作形式宾语。句意：我觉得有责任与世界分享这些文化瑰宝。固定结构find it + n. + to do，本空用形式宾语it。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，下周你们班的英语课将开展课前分享活动，你将进行发言。请你以An old Story为题，写一篇英文发言稿。 内容要点： (1)简要介绍一个古老的故事(历史故事、文学故事或民间传说均可); (2)谈谈这个故事带给你的感悟或启示。 注意： (1)词数80词左右； (2)开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Good morning, everyone! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Good morning, everyone! Today I’d like to share an old story with you. The story is “Yu Gong Moves the Mountains”, a famous Chinese legend. Yu Gong was an old man who found two high mountains blocking his way. He decided to move them with his family, digging stones and earth day after day. A wise man laughed at him, but Yu Gong said, “Even if I die, my children and grandchildren will continue.” This story teaches me the power of determination and persistence. No matter how difficult a task seems, if we keep working hard and never give up, we can achieve our goals. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以An old Story为题，写一篇英文发言稿参加下周英语课的课前分享活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 知名的：famous→well-known 决定：decide→determine 聪明的：wise→smart 嘲笑：laugh at→mock 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： The story is “Yu Gong Moves the Mountains”, a famous Chinese legend. 拓展句：The story, which is a famous Chinese legend, is called “Yu Gong Moves the Mountains”. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Yu Gong was an old man who found two high mountains blocking his way. (运用了who引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】He decided to move them with his family, digging stones and earth day after day. (运用了现在分词digging作状语) 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 The old, leather-bound journal was hidden at the back of the attic, beneath a stack of yellowed maps. For Emily, spending her summer at her grandfather’s remote countryside house was already an escape from the noise of the city, but finding the journal turned it into an adventure. Its pages were filled not with words, but with intricate drawings of strange plants, constellations she didn’t recognize, and a detailed map of the surrounding woods with one spot marked by a large, faded “X”. On the inside cover, in her grandfather’s now-familiar handwriting, was a single sentence: “What is lost is not forgotten; it merely waits for the right seeker.” Driven by a mix of curiosity and a desire to feel closer to the grandfather she missed dearly, Emily decided to follow the map. The path was overgrown, not traveled for years. As she ventured deeper, the sunlight filtering through the canopy grew dimmer, and the sounds of the familiar world faded. She checked the journal’s drawings against the actual plants, finding matches that seemed too fantastical to be real — flowers with shimmering petals, vines that coiled in perfect geometric patterns. After hours of walking, just as doubt began to creep in, she found it: the clearing marked by the “X”. In its center stood an ancient, gnarled tree unlike any other. Its bark seemed to gleam with a faint silvery light. At its base, exactly as depicted in the journal, was a small, hollow niche. Her heart pounding, Emily reached inside. Her fingers didn’t find treasure in the form of gold or jewels, but something else entirely. 注意： 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 请按如下格式作答。 Paragraph 1: Emily pulled out a small, smooth object wrapped in what felt like oilcloth. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: As she sat under the strange tree, studying her grandfather’s final gift, the meaning of his words began to dawn on her. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Paragraph 1: Emily pulled out a small, smooth object wrapped in what felt like oilcloth. Her trembling fingers fumbled with the frayed edges, her breath catching in her throat as the fabric unraveled to reveal a polished wooden box, its surface carved with the same fantastical flowers from the journal. Her heart hammered against her ribs as she lifted the lid, only to find a pressed sprig of the shimmering petal flower and a tattered letter in her grandfather’s handwriting. The words blurred for a moment as tears pricked her eyes — he had written of this secret sanctuary, a place where nature’s magic still whispered to those who dared to listen. Paragraph 2: As she sat under the strange tree, studying her grandfather’s final gift, the meaning of his words began to dawn on her. Doubt melted into a warm, bittersweet longing as she traced the delicate pressed flower, her mind replaying childhood memories of him teaching her to name constellations. This was no treasure of gold, but a bridge between their hearts — proof that his love, like the hidden sanctuary, had never truly been lost. Sunlight filtered through the canopy in golden streaks, and for a fleeting moment, she swore she heard his gentle laugh carried on the breeze, a silent confirmation that some bonds transcend time and distance. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了埃米莉暑假在祖父乡下的房子里发现一本皮革封面的旧日记，日记里有奇特植物、未知星座的插画和标有“X”的森林地图，她循着地图深入森林，找到标记处的空地和古树，在树底凹槽里发现了特殊物品的故事。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“埃米莉掏出一个用油布包裹着的光滑小物件。”可知，第一段可描写埃米莉拆开油布，发现刻有奇幻花朵的木盒，盒内有干花和祖父的信，信中提及这个藏着自然魔力的秘密之地。 ②由第二段首句内容“她坐在这棵奇特的树下，端详着祖父最后的礼物，渐渐明白了他那句话的含义。”可知，第二段可描写埃米莉抚摸干花忆起童年往事，领悟到这份礼物是连接祖孙的心意之桥，感受到跨越时空的亲情羁绊。 2. 续写线索：掏出裹着油布的物件——解开油布发现雕花木盒——木盒里有干花和祖父的信——树下端详礼物领悟深意——回忆童年明白礼物是心灵桥梁——感悟爱与羁绊跨越时空 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①掏出：pull out/take out ②模糊：blur/fade ③领悟：dawn on/realize 情绪类 ①激动：heart hammered/heart pounding ②温馨：warm/heartfelt 【点睛】[高分句型1] Her trembling fingers fumbled with the frayed edges, her breath catching in her throat as the fabric unraveled to reveal a polished wooden box, its surface carved with the same fantastical flowers from the journal.（运用了独立主格结构作状语以及as引导时间状语从句） [高分句型2] The words blurred for a moment as tears pricked her eyes — he had written of this secret sanctuary, a place where nature’s magic still whispered to those who dared to listen.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句以及where引导的定语从句和who引导的定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $