18-高考阅读理解专题（练习卷） -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

Branch 18 高考阅读理解专题（练习卷） （建议用时：35 min） 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway, completed in 2019, represents more than just a transportation milestone. It embodies a sophisticated integration of cutting-edge engineering, environmental consciousness, and cultural respect. The 174-kilometer line, which cuts through mountainous terrain, required engineers to navigate extreme elevation differences and complex geological conditions while preserving the region's historical and natural heritage. The railway's design incorporates numerous environmental protection measures. To minimize disruption to wildlife habitats, sections of the track were elevated on bridges rather than built on ground level. Animal crossing corridors were constructed at regular intervals, allowing local species to migrate freely across their traditional routes. Noise barriers made from recycled materials were installed in sensitive areas, and construction waste was systematically processed for reuse. These measures demonstrate that major infrastructure projects need not come at the expense of ecological integrity. Perhaps the most distinctive feature of the railway is its integration with the cultural landscape. The line passes near the Badaling section of the Great Wall, one of China's most iconic historical sites. Rather than constructing an imposing concrete structure that would dominate the view, architects designed the station to blend with the surrounding mountains. Its curved roof, covered with local vegetation, disappears into the landscape when viewed from above. Inside, the station incorporates traditional Chinese architectural elements, creating a space that feels both modern and timeless. The economic impact has been transformative. The travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou, host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics, has been reduced from over three hours to just 47 minutes. This connectivity has stimulated tourism, attracted investment, and accelerated the development of surrounding areas. Local communities that were once isolated now have access to urban markets and employment opportunities. The railway has effectively redrawn the region's economic geography. However, the project also invites reflection on broader questions. What responsibility do developers bear toward the communities they affect? How can progress be measured not merely in kilometers traveled or time saved, but in the quality of life sustained and enhanced? The Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway offers one possible answer: that the most meaningful achievements are those that reconcile human advancement with the natural and cultural worlds we inhabit. 1.What does the underlined word "embodies" in paragraph 1 most likely mean? A. repels B. represents C. complicates D. challenges 2.Which of the following best describes the author's attitude toward the railway's environmental measures? A. Critical of their high cost B. Indifferent to their necessity C. Approving of their comprehensiveness D. Skeptical about their effectiveness 3.The phrase "disappears into the landscape" in paragraph 3 is used to emphasize that the station ______. A. cannot be seen from any angle B. blends harmoniously with its surroundings C. is designed to confuse visitors D. was built using ancient construction methods 4.The author raises questions in the last paragraph primarily to ______. A. express doubt about the project's value B. encourage readers to reflect on broader meanings of progress C. criticize the government for not doing enough D. suggest the railway should not have been built B In the forests of Yunnan Province, a remarkable experiment in coexistence is unfolding. For centuries, the region's indigenous communities have shared their environment with Asian elephants, developing complex systems of knowledge and practice that allow both species to thrive. Today, as elephant populations recover and human settlements expand, this ancient relationship is being tested—but it is also offering valuable lessons for conservation worldwide. Traditional ecological knowledge, often dismissed by modern scientists, has proven remarkably effective. Local farmers know which crops elephants avoid and which times of day the animals are most active. They can interpret tracks, feeding patterns, and vocalizations with an accuracy that modern tracking devices sometimes fail to match. This knowledge is not written in textbooks but passed down through generations of observation and experience. It represents a living database of ecological wisdom. However, modernization has disrupted these traditional practices. Young people moving to cities have less opportunity to learn from their elders. Agricultural techniques that once minimized wildlife conflicts have been replaced by more intensive methods. The result has been an increase in human-elephant conflicts—crops destroyed, property damaged, and occasionally, lives lost. These conflicts have generated understandable fear and frustration among local communities. Yet, innovative solutions are emerging. Conservation organizations are working with indigenous leaders to document and revive traditional practices while incorporating modern technology. Early warning systems, using motion-activated cameras and mobile phone alerts, complement rather than replace local knowledge. Financial compensation programs for crop damage have been established, reducing the economic burden on farmers. These hybrid approaches, combining tradition and innovation, have reduced conflicts significantly in pilot areas. The Yunnan experience challenges a common assumption in conservation: that modern science must supersede traditional knowledge. In fact, the two are not opposed but complementary. Scientific data provides broad patterns and predictive models; traditional knowledge offers intimate, context-specific understanding. Together, they create a more complete picture than either could achieve alone. This insight has implications far beyond elephant conservation. As the world faces environmental crises, from climate change to biodiversity loss, the need to integrate diverse knowledge systems becomes increasingly urgent. The wisdom of communities who have lived sustainably with their environments for millennia may hold keys to challenges that modern technology alone cannot solve. 5.Why does the author mention that local farmers "can interpret tracks, feeding patterns, and vocalizations with an accuracy that modern tracking devices sometimes fail to match"? A. To prove that traditional knowledge is always superior to modern science B. To illustrate the value and accuracy of traditional ecological knowledge C. To criticize the ineffectiveness of modern technology in conservation D. To suggest that tracking devices should be abandoned entirely 6.What is the author's main purpose in paragraph 4? A. To describe the causes of human-elephant conflicts B. To explain how traditional practices were lost C. To present solutions that combine tradition and innovation D. To argue that modern technology is more effective than traditional methods 7.What can be inferred about the relationship between traditional knowledge and modern science from paragraph 5? A. They are incompatible and should be kept separate B. Traditional knowledge must be replaced by modern science C. They are complementary and each has unique strengths D. Modern science is generally more reliable than traditional knowledge 8.The best title for this passage would be ______. A. "Elephant Conservation in Crisis" B. "Bridging Knowledge Systems for Conservation" C. "The Failure of Traditional Ecological Knowledge" D. "Modern Technology in Wildlife Protection" 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 C The phenomenon of "poverty traps" has long fascinated economists and policymakers. A poverty trap exists when individuals, families, or communities are unable to escape poverty despite their efforts, because the very conditions of poverty create barriers that make advancement nearly impossible. Understanding these traps is essential for designing effective interventions that break the cycle. One of the most fundamental poverty traps is limited access to education. Children from impoverished families often attend poorly equipped schools or must leave school early to contribute to household income. (9) ______ This intergenerational transmission of disadvantage is one of the most stubborn features of poverty. Poor health represents another critical trap. Malnutrition, inadequate healthcare, and exposure to environmental hazards weaken individuals' capacity to work and learn. (10) ______ This creates a devastating cycle where poor health perpetuates poverty, and poverty in turn perpetuates poor health. The financial system itself can perpetuate poverty traps. Low-income individuals often lack access to formal banking services, forcing them to rely on informal lenders who charge exorbitant interest rates. (11) ______ Without credit, they cannot invest in education, equipment, or other productivity-enhancing resources. Geographic isolation compounds these challenges. Remote communities often lack infrastructure—roads, electricity, and internet access—that would connect them to economic opportunities. (12) ______ Even when services exist, their quality is frequently inferior to what is available in urban areas. Breaking poverty traps requires coordinated, multi-dimensional approaches. (13) ______ These interventions must address education, health, infrastructure, and financial inclusion simultaneously. Piecemeal solutions, while helpful, rarely succeed in transforming the systemic conditions that maintain poverty. 选项（A-G）： A. This lack of opportunities reinforces the isolation and disadvantage. B. This means government spending should be strictly limited. C. Medical expenses can also push families deeper into debt and poverty. D. Education policy alone, however, is insufficient to break the cycle. E. The lack of education then limits their earning potential in adulthood. F. These high-interest loans often trap them in a cycle of debt. G. Poverty is primarily a problem of individual laziness and lack of ambition. 参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 第1题 答案：B 解析：词汇猜测题。"embodies"在文中意为"体现、代表"，该铁路"represents more than just a transportation milestone"，后文进一步说明它体现了工程、环境和文化的融合。repels（击退）、complicates（使复杂）、challenges（挑战）均不符合语境。 第2题 答案：C 解析：观点态度题。作者在第二段详细列举了铁路的环境保护措施——抬高轨道、建造动物通道、安装降噪屏障、回收建筑废料——并总结"demonstrate that major infrastructure projects need not come at the expense of ecological integrity"，体现赞同态度。A项"批评成本高"、B项"漠不关心"、D项"怀疑有效性"均不符合。 第3题 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。前文提到建筑师"rather than constructing an imposing concrete structure that would dominate the view"，设计车站使其"blends with the surrounding mountains"。"disappears into the landscape"强调车站与周围环境融为一体，而非"无法从任何角度看到"。A项过于绝对；C项"迷惑游客"曲解文意；D项"使用古代建造方法"文中未提及。 第4题 答案：B 解析：写作目的题。最后一段作者提出"What responsibility do developers bear?"和"How can progress be measured..."等问题，其目的在于"invite reflection on broader questions"，即鼓励读者反思进步的更广泛意义。A项"表达怀疑"、C项"批评政府"、D项"暗示不该建造"均与文中积极肯定的基调不符。 阅读理解 B篇 第5题 答案：B 解析：写作手法/目的题。前文提到传统生态知识"has proven remarkably effective"，后文举例农民识别足迹等"with an accuracy that modern tracking devices sometimes fail to match"，目的是说明传统知识的价值和准确性，而非证明其"始终优于"现代科学（A项过于绝对）或"批评现代技术无效"（C项过于极端）。D项"应完全放弃追踪设备"文中未提及。 第6题 答案：C 解析：段落主旨题。第四段首句"Yet, innovative solutions are emerging"点明该段主旨——介绍融合传统与创新的解决方案。后文列举了早期预警系统、经济补偿计划等具体措施。A项"描述冲突原因"是第三段的内容；B项"解释传统做法如何消失"也是第三段；D项"论证现代技术更有效"与文中"complement rather than replace"相反。 第7题 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。第五段明确指出"the two are not opposed but complementary"，"Scientific data provides... traditional knowledge offers... Together, they create a more complete picture"。A项"不相容"、B项"必须被取代"、D项"现代科学更可靠"均与原文相悖。 第8题 答案：B 解析：主旨大意/标题选择题。全文贯穿的主线是传统生态知识与现代科学结合用于保护，最后一段更点明"integrate diverse knowledge systems"的主题。A项"处于危机中的大象保护"过于片面；C项"传统生态知识的失败"与原文完全相反；D项"野生动物保护中的现代技术"忽略了对传统知识的讨论。 阅读理解 C篇（七选五） 第9题 答案：E 解析：前文提到贫困家庭的孩子"often attend poorly equipped schools or must leave school early"，E项"缺乏教育从而限制了他们成年后的收入潜力"是这一现象的后果，且与后文"代际传递"形成因果逻辑。C项"医疗费用"与教育话题无关。 第10题 答案：C 解析：前文提到健康问题削弱工作学习能力，后文描述"poor health perpetuates poverty, and poverty in turn perpetuates poor health"的恶性循环。C项"医疗费用也把家庭推向更深的债务和贫困"填补了"健康→贫困"链中的经济机制。 第11题 答案：F 解析：前文提到低收入者缺乏正规银行服务，依赖高息非正规贷款，后文"Without credit, they cannot invest..."。F项"这些高息贷款常使他们陷入债务循环"具体解释了非正规贷款的危害，与后文"缺乏信贷"形成因果。 第12题 答案：A 解析：前文提到地理位置偏远导致缺乏基础设施，A项"缺乏机会加剧了孤立和劣势"总结了孤立社区面临的困境。B项"政府支出应严格限制"与扶贫主题相悖；G项"贫困主要源于个人懒惰"文中完全未提及，且与全文科学分析贫困陷阱的基调严重不符。 第13题 答案：D 解析：前文提到"需要协调的、多维度的方法"，后文"必须同时解决教育、健康、基础设施和金融包容"。D项"然而，仅靠教育政策不足以打破循环"起到了承上启下的作用——它表明单一解决方案不够，从而引出后文"多维度"的具体内容。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $