2026年中考英语语法复习之定语从句专项练习

定语从句专练（初中） 一、定语从句先知 先弄明白核心逻辑：定语=修饰名词，相当于中文里的“……的” 普通简单句：I have a beautiful pen.（形容词修饰名词，beautiful 美的，作定语） 加入定语从句：I have a pen that looks very beautiful. （一整句话修饰名词，这句话就是定语从句，就像上面这句） 通俗一点说：名词后面跟句子，句子修饰这个词，这就是定语从句！ 核心结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 从句剩余部分 先行词：被修饰的名词/代词（永远在从句前面） 关系词：连接先行词和从句的“桥梁”，关系词在句中必须充当成分， 分关系代词和关系副词（初中核心考点） 二、定语从句核心考点 （一）关系代词（中考高频考点，必掌握） 关系代词五巨头：who, whom, whose, which, that 核心用法：在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语，从句谓语动词单复数跟着先行词走 1. who 指代【人】，作主语/宾语 用法：先行词是人，从句缺主语或宾语，均可使用 例句：The girl who is reading a book is my classmate. 解析：先行词the girl（人），从句缺主语，用who 2. whom 指代【人】，只作宾语 用法：先行词是人，从句只缺宾语，可省略， 例句：The boy whom we met yesterday is from Wuhan. 3. which 指代【物/动物】，作主语/宾语（初中重中之重） 用法：先行词是事物、物品、动物，通用 例句：This is the bike which my father bought for me. 4. that 万能代词（初中重中之重） 用法：既可指人，也可指物，可替代who/which（大部分场景） 例句1（指人）：The teacher that helps me a lot is very kind. 例句2（指物）：The movie that we watched is wonderful. 5. whose 表【谁的】，作定语 用法：指人/物的所属关系，后面必须接名词 例句：The student whose handwriting is good won the prize. （2） 关系副词 （不在中考设考范围，但日常学习中使用还较多，可做拓展学习，为高中打基础） 三个常用：where, when, why，在从句中作状语，不充当主宾 · where：先行词是地点，表“在某地” → This is the school where I study. · when：先行词是时间，表“在某时” → I remember the day when we met. · why：先行词是reason，表“原因” → This is the reason why he was late. （三）定语从句特殊规则（易错点） 1. 只能用that，不能用which的情况（高频考点） · 先行词被all, everything, nothing, much, little等不定代词修饰 · 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰 · 先行词同时含人+物 2. 关系代词作宾语可省略，作主语绝对不能省略 3. 从句谓语的单复数形式由先行词决定！ 先行词单数，从句谓语用单数；先行词复数，从句谓语用复数 三、例题精讲 例1：The people ___ live next door are very friendly. 解析：先行词people（人），从句缺主语，可用who/that 答案：who/that 例2：This is the best book ___ I have ever read. 解析：先行词被最高级best修饰，只能用that 答案：that 例3翻译：我喜欢那个会唱歌的女孩。 答案：I like the girl who/that can sing. 4、 随堂练习 题型一：单项选择 1. The man ___ is talking with our headmaster is my uncle. A. who B. which C. what D. whose 2. This is the park ___ we played games last weekend. A. that B. where C. when D. which 3. All ___ we need is more time and patience. A. which B. that C. what D. who 4. The bike ___ I bought last month works very well. A. / B. what C. when D. why 5. I will never forget the day ___ I joined the club. A. when B. where C. that D. which 6. The student ___ notebook was lost is very upset. A. who B. which C. whose D. that 7. This is the most interesting story ___ I have ever heard. A. which B. that C. what D. when 8. The animals ___ live in the forest need clean water. A. who B. which C. where D. whose 9. The reason ___ he missed the exam is illness. A. why B. that C. when D. where 10. The teacher ___ we respect often helps us with study. A. whose B. which C. who/that D. what 题型二：单句语法填空（用合适的关系词填空） 1. The girl ________ is dancing on the stage is my sister. 2. This is the supermarket ________ I usually buy my school things. 3. Everything ________ we do should be careful and serious. 4. The boy ________ bike was broken walked to school today. 5. I still remember the summer ________ we went to Qingdao. 6. The books ________ are on the desk belong to our English teacher. 7. This is the best gift ________ I have received. 8. The people ________ we visited last week are old volunteers. 题型三：句子翻译 1. 这是我最喜欢的那支钢笔。 2. 那个正在跑步的男孩是我的好朋友。 3. 我永远不会忘记我们一起学习的时光。 4. 他就是帮助过我的那位老师。 5. 这是我们上周参观的公园。 题型四：语篇语法填空（改编版） 阅读短文，在空白处填入合适的关系词（每空一词） I have a good friend 1.___ name is Li Ming. He is a kind boy 2.___ always helps others. This is the school 3.___ we study together every day. We still remember the day 4.___ we first met. There are many books 5.___ we often share with each other. Li Ming is the best friend6.___ I have ever had. The reason 7.___ I like him is that he is honest and hard-working. The park 8.___ we often play is near our school. 参考答案 题型一：单项选择答案 1. A 解析：先行词是人，从句缺主语，用who 2. B 解析：先行词是地点park，从句缺地点状语，用where 3. B 解析：先行词为不定代词all，只能用that 4. A 解析：先行词是物，关系代词作宾语，可省略 5. A 解析：先行词是时间day，用when 6. C 解析：表所属关系“学生的笔记本”，用whose 7. B 解析：先行词被最高级修饰，只能用that 8. B 解析：先行词是动物，用which 9. A 解析：先行词是reason，表原因，用why 10. C 解析：先行词是人，作宾语，可用who/that 题型二：单句语法填空答案 1. who/that 2. where 3. that 4. whose 5. when 6. which/that 7. that 8. who/whom/that 题型三：句子翻译参考答案 1. This is the pen that/which I like best. 2. The boy who/that is running is my good friend. 3. I will never forget the time when we studied together. 4. He is the teacher who/that has helped me. 5. This is the park that/which we visited last week. 题型四：语篇语法填空答案 1. whose 2. who/that 3. where 4. when 5. which/that 6. that 7. why 8. where 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $